Embodiment
Below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in conjunction with the embodiments, describe the present invention in detail.
A preparation method for hydrophilic polymer modified rigid polyurethane foam carrier, comprises the following steps:
Step 1) cuts into piece by polyurethane foams by definite shape, cleans broken foam dried for standby in addition;
Step 2) according to the difference of processing hydrophilic polymer, the DMF solution of the amidin of preparation proper concn, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution, polysuccinimide;
Step 3) is immersed in described urethane foam 5-60min in the DMF solution of described amidin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution, polysuccinimide, vacuumizes, and makes to be full of in plastic foam solution;
Step 4) moves to the urethane foam after described amidin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose solution infiltrate in 0.01-1mol/L cross-linking agent aqueous solution, and sodium hydroxide solution pH regulator is 10, is heated to 60-90 ℃ of processing; Urethane foam after the DMF solution impregnation of described polysuccinimide moves to 1-10% sodium hydroxide solution, is heated to 60-90 ℃ of processing;
Step 5) is taken out porous plastics and is rinsed and makes surface present neutrality, extracts after the water in porous plastics dry for standby at 50 ℃-120 ℃.
Further, described polyurethane foams is mainly the scrap stock such as furniture, back cushion, mattress, clothes, shoes and hats lining, packing, and density is 10-30kg/m
3polyether(poly)urethane.
Further, described hydrophilic polymer mainly contains starch, Xylo-Mucine, polysuccinimide etc., has the polymkeric substance of the hydrophilic radicals such as hydroxyl, carboxyl, amino on long-chain.
Further, described linking agent mainly contains epoxy chloropropane, polysuccinimide, glutaraldehyde, ethylene glycol diglycidylether, sodium polyphosphate etc.
Further, described polyurethane-modified carrier can be used as microbial fixed carrier.
Further, described polyurethane foams is according to existing bio-carrier stock size, and cutting into the length of side is 10-20mm rectangular parallelepiped.
Embodiment 1:
The enforcement of starch conversion urethane foam
Polyurethane foams is cut into 10mm * 10mm * 10mm small cubes, clean broken foam dried for standby in addition;
Take the starch solution that 1g water soluble starch and 99g water are mixed with 1% weight percent.Get urethane foam and immerse in the starch solution just prepared, vacuumize, make to be full of in plastic foam solution.Taking out porous plastics is immersed in respectively in the cross-linking agent aqueous solution of 0.01mol/L, 0.1mol/L, 1mol/L, with sodium hydroxide solution, regulate PH=10, react 4h in 75 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control after, take out, water embathes to neutrality, extracts after the water in foam and at 80 ℃, dries in thermostatic drying chamber.
Parameter after table 1 starch is cross-linking modified to urethane foam changes.
Table 1 is through the variation of the cross-linking modified front and back of starch urethane foam parameter
? |
0.01mol/L linking agent and starch |
0.1mol/L linking agent and starch |
1mol/L linking agent and starch |
Blank |
Apparent density/kg/m
3 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
30 |
Aperture/mm |
1.2 |
1.2 |
1.4 |
1.0 |
Porosity/% |
94.3 |
94.3 |
98.0 |
83.0 |
Water holding multiplying power |
31.5 |
31.5 |
32.7 |
24.0 |
Intensity |
Qualified |
Qualified |
Qualified |
Qualified |
As can be seen from the above table, the apparent density of the polyurethane foam after starch conversion should increase, yet urethane, in the alkaline aqueous solution, alkaline hydrolysis has occurred, i.e. polyurethane structural unit R-NH-C=O-R
1in amido linkage be rupture under the condition that can exist at high temperature or alkali, so polyurethane foam has small part that degraded has occurred, and the quality reducing and the quality of increase be more or less the same, just there is not significantly variation in apparent density.And along with the increase of degree of crosslinking, in polyurethane foam, the number of hydroxyl constantly increases, and because of the hydrogen bond association of group, after modification, material has better wetting ability again.And aperture, porosity and water holding multiplying power are positively related.
In sum, the result after the linking agent of 1mol/L, 1% starch and polyurethane foam are cross-linking modified is ideal, and aperture reaches 1.4, and porosity reaches 98.0%, and water holding multiplying power reaches 32.7 times.Polyurethane foam properties after starch conversion all increases, and the polyurethane foam aperture after the modification of 1mol/L linking agent reaches 1.4mm, and porosity reaches 98.0%, and water holding multiplying power reaches 32 times, and microorganism colonization rate reaches 22%.Because starch is very stable natural polymer, and cheap, so starch conversion urethane foam is applicable to suitability for industrialized production application.
Embodiment 2:
The enforcement of Xylo-Mucine modified rigid polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foam is cut into 10mm * 10mm * 10mm small cubes, clean broken foam dried for standby in addition.
Take the starch solution that 1g Xylo-Mucine and 99g water are mixed with 1% weight percent.Get urethane foam and immerse in the carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution just prepared, vacuumize, make to be full of in plastic foam solution.Take out porous plastics and be immersed in respectively in the cross-linking agent aqueous solution of 0.01mol/L, 0.1mol/L, 1mol/L, with sodium hydroxide solution, regulate PH=10.React 4h in 75 ℃ of waters bath with thermostatic control after, take out, water embathes to neutrality, extracts after the water in foam and at 80 ℃, dries in thermostatic drying chamber.
Table 2 is that the parameter of Xylo-Mucine after to urethane foam modification changes.
The variation of table 2 urethane foam parameter before and after Xylo-Mucine modification
? |
0.01mol/L linking agent and Xylo-Mucine |
0.1mol/L linking agent and Xylo-Mucine |
1mol/L linking agent and Xylo-Mucine |
Blank |
Apparent density/kg/m
3 |
29 |
29 |
29 |
30 |
Aperture/mm |
1.4 |
1.2 |
1.3 |
1.0 |
Porosity/% |
97.6 |
90.3 |
95.7 |
83.0 |
Water holding multiplying power |
32.3 |
28.6 |
30.7 |
24.0 |
Intensity |
Qualified |
Qualified |
Qualified |
Qualified |
Due in structure with the similarity of starch, so the performance after modification is similar to starch, but show in data, not as the variation of starch conversion regular.Best results be minimum one group of degree of crosslinking, the polyurethane foam after the epoxy chloropropane solution crosslinking modification of 1% carboxymethylcellulose sodium solution and 0.01mol ∕ L, its aperture is 1.4mm, porosity reaches 97%, water holding multiplying power reaches 32 times, biofilm rate reaches 18%.Its cost is compared with starch, is not so good as starch inexpensive.
Embodiment 3:
The enforcement of polysuccinimide modified rigid polyurethane foam
Polyurethane foam is cut into 10mm * 10mm * 10mm small cubes, clean broken foam dried for standby in addition.
12.5gDL-aspartic acid is placed in to 250ml round-bottomed flask, adds 6.5g85% phosphoric acid, fully mix, 180 ℃ of Depressor responses 5 ~ 30 minutes, add 50ml DMF while hot, after product dissolves, join in 300ml water, filter out precipitation, through being washed to neutrality, products therefrom is dissolved in 50ml DMF, reprecipitation, twice, 100 ℃ of vacuum-drying, makes polysuccinimide product repeatedly.
The polysuccinimide of certain mass is poured in DMF solvent and is mixed with solution, immerse urethane foam.According to urethane unit, than polysuccinimide unit mol ratio, should be respectively the DMF solution of 5:1,10:1 and 15:1 preparation polysuccinimide, thereby modification goes out the control group of different proportionings.8% sodium hydroxide solution is heated to 90 ° of C, adds and soak sufficient foam, after stir process, take out foam, with ethanol water logging, be washed till neutrality, extract foam and at 80 ℃, dry in thermostatic drying chamber.
Table 3 is that the parameter of polysuccinimide after to polyurethane foam modification changes.
The variation of urethane foam parameter before and after the modification of table 3 polysuccinimide
? |
5:1 |
10:1 |
15:1 |
Blank |
Apparent density/kg/m
3 |
30.0 |
31.0 |
31.0 |
30 |
Aperture/mm |
1.5 |
1.3 |
1.2 |
1 |
Porosity/% |
81.7 |
96.5 |
89.4 |
83.0 |
Water holding multiplying power |
28.3 |
29.5 |
28.9 |
24.0 |
Intensity |
Qualified |
Qualified |
Qualified |
Qualified |
As can be seen from Table 3, after modification, polyurethane foam apparent density all has increase, this be because grafting the result of polysuccinimide; All there is increase in aperture, because there is the step of alkaline hydrolysis in modifying process; The porosity of urethane foam and water holding multiplying power have had larger variation before and after modification, when urethane unit and polysuccinimide unit mol ratio are 10:1, foam is carried out to modification porosity and water holding multiplying power to be improved the most remarkable, this is mainly because chemical modification has increased the number of functional groups such as the carboxyl on carrier, carbonyl, these groups are with between water molecules, hydrogen bond association occurring, thereby have improved the wetting ability of carrier.
Polysuccinimide modified polyurethane foam, designing respectively urethane unit and polysuccinimide unit mol ratio is that 5:1,10:1 and 15:1 test, filter out when urethane unit and polysuccinimide unit mol ratio are 10:1, modified effect is best, polyurethane foam porosity is 96.5%, and water holding multiplying power is 29.5.Finally optimize optimum handling scheme: urethane unit and polysuccinimide unit mol ratio are 10:1.
Application Example:
Blank urethane foam, preferred polysuccinimide modified polyurethane foam (mol ratio is 10:1) are placed in to self-control BAF simulator, the microorganism colonization situation of comparison vehicle, the treatment effect to simulation high ammonia-nitrogen wastewater.BAF major portion is only a glass column, only needs vexed exposing to the sun, without continuous operation during biofilm; Because on-fluent during biofilm, microorganism is easily fixing, is difficult for running off, therefore adopt BAF.
Bio-film colonization experiment and water treatment effect experimental selection in BAF simulator (Fig. 1) are carried out, and comprise water-in, pond, aerator, water outlet; Between the entery and delivery port in pond, be provided with the functional urethane foam carrier that can be used for fixation of microbe, carrier is fixed with net, in the bottom of carrier, is provided with aerator.Simulation aeration and biological filter post aeration filter post effective volume is 4.03L, and height is 1230mm, and internal diameter is 70mm, and filter post material is synthetic glass, and water inlet air inlet is by two designed mouths of pipe of bottom, and middle portion is filled carrier, and carrier filling ratio is 40%.One of inflator (being equipped with variable-voltage transformer to regulate aeration rate), one of digital display constant flow pump is to control flooding velocity.
Former water is for simulation high-concentration ammonia nitrogenous wastewater, formulated by glucose, ammonium chloride, potassium primary phosphate, calcium chloride, Repone K, sodium-chlor, magnesium sulfate and ferric chloride hexahydrate.The waste water COD of preparing is 1200.0mg/L left and right, and ammonia nitrogen is 460mg/L left and right, and TOC is 333.8 mg/L left and right, and TN is 601.7 mg/L left and right.
Filter post adopts thalline B350 inoculation method biofilm, filter post run duration hydraulic detention time 24h, and flow 0.17L/h, continues aeration, and aeration rate is sufficient.First vexed exposing to the sun three days, then adjust flux metering rotating speed is that 2.03r/min continues water inlet, detects effluent index every day.
Carrier after biofilm is embathed to 30min 60-80 ℃ of water-bath, then will be soaked with solution ultrasonic 5min under low frequency of carrier.The solution of the membrane filtration that uses 0.45 μ m after ultrasonic, dries to constant weight the filter membrane after filtering, and controlling temperature is 105 ℃, and about 30min of time weighs the weight of filter membrane after drying, and deducts the weight of filtering front filter and is the biofilm biomass peeling off.
COD and clearance contrast
Shown in Fig. 2, in the process of degraded manual simulation waste water, unmodified group and modification group can obtain good effect, after unmodified group of biofilm maturation, COD clearance are reached to 90.40%, this is mainly that porosity is also very large because polyurethane foam just had reticulated structure originally.And after carrier biofilm maturation, to COD clearance, can reach 92.03% after modification, a little more than unmodified group.
Ammonia nitrogen and clearance contrast
Shown in Fig. 3, in the process of degraded manual simulation waste water, modification group obviously will be higher than unmodified group to the clearance of ammonia nitrogen, is 83.36%, and to ammonia nitrogen removal frank, is 70.15% after unmodified group of biofilm maturation after modification group biofilm maturation to ammonia nitrogen removal frank.After this explanation modification, carrier is applicable to denitrifier growth more, is also that bioaffinity is stronger.Very unstable at the first 4 days clearances for ammonia nitrogen of biofilm, the removal situation analysis of contact to COD, is denitrifier and aerobic autotrophic bacteria competition existence stage, so each index of water outlet is during this period of time very unstable during this period of time; And along with the increase of cultivated days, microbial film thickening, in microbial film, biologic chain increases, and various bacteriums start stable growth, so each index clearance is settled out gradually.
TOC and clearance contrast
Shown in Fig. 4, in the process of degraded manual simulation waste water, modification group will be higher than unmodified group to the clearance of TOC, is 71.36%, and to TOC clearance, is 67.94% after unmodified group of biofilm maturation after modification group biofilm maturation to TOC clearance.
TN and clearance contrast
Shown in Fig. 5, in the process of degraded manual simulation waste water, modification group will be higher than unmodified group to the clearance of TN, is 54.47%, and to TN clearance, is 49.29% after unmodified group of biofilm maturation after modification group biofilm maturation to TN clearance.
When urethane unit and polysuccinimide unit mol ratio are 10:1, foam is carried out to modification after polyurethane foam carrier hydrophilicity good, by the urethane foam after modification for carrier immobilized microorganism.Test modification after biofilm maturation after, carrier biofilm amount is 279.35mg/g, and biofilm after carrier biofilm maturation before modification is measured, is decided to be 90.78mg/g, illustrates that the one's own physical property of carrier obviously increases after modification.Degradation curve for each index of sewage shows, installs after operation two weeks, and comparative group is unmodified polyurethane foam, and COD clearance is reached to 92.03%, and ammonia nitrogen removal frank is reached to 83.36%, and TOC clearance is reached to 71.36%, and TN clearance is reached to 54.47%.