CN103618362B - Valve control seal lead-acid storage battery charger and charging method thereof - Google Patents
Valve control seal lead-acid storage battery charger and charging method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Valve control seal lead-acid storage battery charger, be made up of (5) high-voltage rectifying filter circuit (1), current detection circuit (2), active reset circuit (3), voltage conversion circuit (4), indicator light and fan circuit, current sensor circuit (6), lower pressure rectifier filter circuit (7), auxiliary power circuit (8), high-pressure modular circuit (9), drive circuit (10), charging output control circuit (11), low-voltage module circuit (12) composition.Charging method, charging process is divided interrupted mise-a-la-masse method precharge, is gradually fallen the main charging of current method, the trickle charge of constant voltage charge method and interrupted mise-a-la-masse method boost charge four-stage.Storage battery can not be there is and fill bad phenomenon and storage battery can be full of in the invention.
Description
Technical field
The invention relates to a kind of valve control seal lead-acid storage battery charger and charging method thereof.
Background technology
Valve-control sealed lead acid battery (hereinafter referred to as storage battery) topmost two indices is available capacity (C) and the service life cycle under available capacity condition.This is no doubt relevant with the technical development of storage battery itself, and as the charger that its energy supplements again, be vital equipment, it directly decides the significant degree of storage battery makeup energy and the length of service life cycle.
The typical charger charging method of tradition is: the first stage, with constant current charge, when voltage reaches setting, enters second stage constant voltage charge, along with the raising of battery tension, electric current can diminish gradually, when charging voltage and current is reduced to certain value, proceeds to the phase III.Phase III is small area analysis floating charge, and at this moment charging voltage declines, after set point, stop charging.Present segmented mise-a-la-masse method (i.e. first constant current, again constant voltage), at the charging process initial stage, charging current is far smaller than the acceptable electric current of storage battery, and thus the charging interval is oversize; In charging process mid-term, charging current is greater than again the acceptable electric current of storage battery, and as shown in Figure 1, cause charging side reaction aggravation, battery internal temperature rises soon nice and high; In the charging process later stage, long-time low current charge, as shown in Figure 1, very easily cause charging process to occur " polarization " phenomenon, will produce a large amount of bubbles, inside also there will be sulfuration crystallization, shortens the service life cycle of storage battery greatly.Adopt Current Control because second stage turns the phase III, turn charging stream and arrange height, rechargeable energy is not enough, there will be sulfuration and causes available capacity to decline; Turning charging stream arranges low, when battery environment temperature is too high, (summer, battery temp was too high), turn charging stream that storage battery second stage turns the phase III will be difficult to arrive, storage battery will be in the charged state of second stage always, causes storage battery to overcharge and dehydration, makes the over oxidation of accumulator anode board and capacity declines, storage battery " thermal runaway " also can be caused, permanent damage storage battery time serious.Adopt constant current and constant voltage charging method, charger relies on high voltage stabilizing, stabilized current characteristic and accurate charging interval controlling functions, become when being difficult to be required charging voltage, an electric current, the time-dependent dynamic load of charging process time provides satisfied service.
Innovation and creation content
The technical problem that the invention will solve is: provide a kind of storage battery that can not occur to fill bad phenomenon and the storage battery valve control seal lead-acid storage battery charger that can be full of and charging method thereof.
The technical scheme of the invention is:
Valve control seal lead-acid storage battery charger, is characterized in that, the circuit structure of charger is: high-voltage rectifying filter circuit 1 is divided into two-way and exports, and a road leads to voltage conversion circuit 4, current sensor circuit 6, charging output control circuit 11 successively; Accessory power supply 8 is led on another road; Three groups of low-tension supplies that accessory power supply 8 converts out, wherein one group leads to active reset circuit 3; Another group leads to current detection circuit 2, high-pressure modular circuit 9 and drive circuit 10 respectively; Also have one group and lead to low-voltage module circuit 12, indicator light circuit 5 respectively; High-pressure modular circuit 9 leads to active reset circuit 3 and drive circuit 10 respectively, and drive circuit 10 leads to charging output control circuit 11; High-voltage rectifying filter circuit 1 constitutes power converter major loop with voltage conversion circuit 4, current sensor circuit 6, the output control circuit 11 that charges successively; Current sensor circuit 6 leads to high-pressure modular circuit 9 through current detection circuit 2, and drive circuit 10 leads to charging output control circuit 11, forms current detecting and the Current limited Control loop of power converter major loop; Voltage conversion circuit 4 charges after leading to lower pressure rectifier filter circuit 7 output, and lower pressure rectifier filter circuit 7 also leads to low-voltage module circuit 12 and indicator light circuit 5; Lower pressure rectifier filter circuit 7, low-voltage module circuit 12, high-pressure modular circuit 9, drive circuit 10, charging output control circuit 11, current sensor circuit 6, voltage conversion circuit 4, the detecting and transform in composition charging each stage and charging current control loop.
Charging method for valve sealing lead acid accumulator, is characterized in that, charging process is divided interrupted mise-a-la-masse method precharge, gradually fallen the main charging of current method, the trickle charge of constant voltage charge method and interrupted mise-a-la-masse method boost charge four-stage:
A, interrupted mise-a-la-masse method precharge: when valve-regulated lead-acid battery is because of deep discharge, its voltage lower than rated voltage, when not allowing large current charge, with fill several seconds, the method for stopping several seconds intermittently charges, and charging current is less; When valve-regulated lead-acid battery voltage reaches permission large current charge voltage, main charged state can be proceeded to;
B, gradually fall the main charging of current method: when valve-regulated lead-acid battery voltage reaches and allows large current charge voltage, carry out the main charging of constant current, along with the rising of battery tension, when main charging charging current allows charging curve close to storage battery soon, electric current declines gradually; When 20 DEG C of temperature, enter constant voltage charge when battery tension is charged to every about the cell voltage 2.4V of storage battery, not when 20 DEG C of temperature, certain temperature-compensating given by the needs according to storage battery;
C, the trickle charge of constant voltage charge method: with under the voltage of every unit about 2.4V to storage battery constant voltage charge, charging current continue decline, when electric current drops to about 0.05C, proceed to boost charge;
D, interrupted mise-a-la-masse method boost charge: fill several seconds, stop several seconds interrupted charging methods and give boost charge, a suitable charging current and suitable stop voltage is selected according to different storage batterys, rising charged electrical along with the voltage nature that fails to be convened for lack of a quorum declines, and after interrupted charging three hours, charging terminates.
Boost charge adopts the object of interrupted mise-a-la-masse method to be that, when charge in batteries stops, its ohmic polarization disappears, and concentration polarization and electrochemical polarization also weaken gradually, and charging side reaction also stops thereupon.Effectively can reduce the charging side reaction of battery, reduce polarization thus reduce brine electrolysis, the energy consumption produced when reducing gas recombination, is also conducive to the chemical combination again of gas, improves gas recombination rate, and reduces dehydration.Reduce the charging heating produced because of polarization resistance, reduce charge in batteries temperature rise, every lattice battery also can be made to obtain equalizing charge, increasing storage battery service life simultaneously, improve charge efficiency.
According to the chemical reaction of battery in charging process, charging side reaction in charging process, mainly occur in the charging later stage, in the research work having done the side reaction of a large amount of elimination battery charging process, find to improve traditional three sections or four sections of constant voltages, current constant modes in any case, all can not eliminate the side reaction in charging process; And size and the way of output substantial connection of charging current are followed in the generation of polarizing voltage.Constant current, constant voltage charging method, always its charging current constantly exports, and may not eliminate " polarization " phenomenon of battery.The charging later stage adopts interrupted mise-a-la-masse method boost charge, and when battery charging stops, the ohmic polarization of battery disappears, and concentration polarization and electrochemical polarization also weaken gradually, and charging side reaction also stops thereupon.The minimizing of charging side reaction, battery just can accept larger charging current, and charging rate can be accelerated, and charging capacity can improve, the original theory foundation of Here it is interrupted charging modes.Test proves, the charging current of charger exports with intermittent manner, can also accelerate the reaction speed of active material, effectively prevents electrolyte sulfuration crystallization, and can effectively smash the crystalline particle occurred; Meanwhile, due to the disappearance of battery " polarization " phenomenon, thus reduce brine electrolysis, improve gas recombination rate, and reduce dehydration; Pulse current again can the active material of activated batteries inside, profound ground, thus significantly improves the charging available capacity of storage battery.
The deadly defect of traditional three sections or four sections of constant voltages, current constant mode charger is: constant-voltage charging value is high and to turn charging flow valuve low, cause the bad adaptability to internal storage battery and external condition, also poor to the adaptability of different batteries, require also high to the voltage of charger itself, the accuracy of detection of electric current, just can not charge normal once generation drift, therefore often generation storage battery fills bad phenomenon, not so storage battery just can not be full of, and can cause sulfuration and capacity declines.The present invention does not have above-mentioned shortcoming.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The typical charger charging curve of Fig. 1 tradition;
Fig. 2 is the charger charging curve of the invention;
Fig. 3 charger operation flow chart.
Embodiment
Charger charging method of the present invention is: charging process is divided interrupted mise-a-la-masse method precharge, gradually fallen the main charging of current method, the trickle charge of constant voltage charge method and interrupted mise-a-la-masse method boost charge four-stage.For the charge mode that main charging current is 0.2C, charging process is described:
1, interrupted mise-a-la-masse method precharge: when valve-regulated lead-acid battery generation deep discharge, (the every cell voltage of storage battery is less than 1.9V), under preventing storage battery under-voltage state, the electrochemical reaction of pole plate is blunt, internal resistance is larger, large current charge can cause storage battery overheated overcharge phenomenon, advanced line precharge; Precharge adopts interrupted mise-a-la-masse method, as shown in Figure 2 (fill 2 seconds, stop intermittently charging in 2 seconds), and charging current is about 1/3rd (0.07C, average current is 0.035C) of main charging stream, and this is conducive to the activation of accumulator plate; When valve-regulated lead-acid battery charging voltage reaches the every unit of 1.9V, can proceed to and mainly fill state.
2, the main charging of current method is gradually fallen: main charging charging starts with 0.2C current charges, (when output voltage raises, electric current can decline to utilize the power transfer characteristic of Switching Power Supply of the present invention, the efficiency of Switching Power Supply can be improved), be charged to 2.25V from every unit 1.9V and adopt constant current charge, 2.25V to 2.4V section charging current is gradually fallen, about 1/3rd can be declined, all within the acceptable electric current of storage battery, (drop to about 0.13C from 0.2C) as shown in Figure 2, compared with the constant current charge of traditional charging method first stage, more meet the charge characteristic of storage battery, charging interval can also be shortened, as shown in Figure 2, utilize the power capacity of Switching Power Supply to greatest extent, improve charge efficiency, can power saving about 6% compared with conventional charger through contrast test.Constant voltage charge is entered when battery tension is charged to the every cell voltage 2.4V of storage battery (temperature is as the criterion with 20 DEG C, during variations in temperature, has the temperature-compensating of-3mV/ DEG C).Compared with traditional three sections or four sections of mise-a-la-masse methods, every unit about the 0.05V of the voltage drop of constant voltage charge, under can ensureing various environmental condition, storage battery can be charged to this voltage, reliably to enter the conversion of next stage; Charging side reaction can also be reduced and reduce brine electrolysis, reducing the heating of storage battery.
3, constant voltage charge method trickle charge: with the voltage of every unit 2.4V to storage battery constant voltage charge, charging current declines gradually from about 0.13C, when electric current drops to about 0.05C, proceeds to boost charge, as shown in Figure 2.Compared with traditional three sections or four sections of mise-a-la-masse methods, turn charging stream and add more than one times; Larger turns charging stream, and under can ensureing various environmental condition, storage battery can be transformed into interrupted charging by constant voltage charge; Effectively avoid because of factors such as the extent of corrosion of internal storage battery concentration of electrolyte, pole plate and external temperature conditions, charging current can not be dropped to turn to fill a little on time; The brine electrolysis avoiding long-time high voltage low current charge to produce and the water circulation of gas recombination, the evolution of heat can cause thermal runaway; Other some the charging side reactions of this period also can be avoided the injury of storage battery, and reduce this period pole plate inside and occur sulfuration crystallization.
4, interrupted mise-a-la-masse method boost charge: turn charging flow valuve because reducing constant-voltage charging value and improve, at this moment battery capacity can only be charged to about 90%, and the electricity of remaining 10% adopts the interrupted mise-a-la-masse method of pressure limiting (every cell voltage 2.5V) (fill 2 seconds, stop 2 seconds) to give to fill.As shown in Figure 2, maximum charging current is about 1/3rd (0.07C of main charging stream, along with the elevated currents of voltage can decline, when battery tension is close to every unit 2.5V, interrupted charging current trends towards 0.01C (average current), and after interrupted charging three hours, charging terminates.Boost charge adopts the object of interrupted mise-a-la-masse method to be that, when charge in batteries stops, its ohmic polarization disappears, and concentration polarization and electrochemical polarization also weaken gradually, and charging side reaction also stops thereupon.Effectively can reduce the charging side reaction of battery, reduce polarization thus reduce brine electrolysis, the energy consumption produced when reducing gas recombination, is also conducive to the chemical combination again of gas, improves gas recombination rate, and reduces dehydration.Reduce the charging heating produced because of polarization resistance, reduce charge in batteries temperature rise, every lattice battery also can be made to obtain equalizing charge, increasing storage battery service life simultaneously, improve charging effect.
According to the chemical reaction of battery in charging process, charging side reaction in charging process, mainly occur in the charging later stage, in the research work having done the side reaction of a large amount of elimination battery charging process, find to improve traditional three sections or four sections of constant voltages, current constant modes in any case, all can not eliminate the side reaction in charging process; And size and the way of output substantial connection of charging current are followed in the generation of polarizing voltage.Constant current, constant voltage charging method, always its charging current constantly exports, and may not eliminate " polarization " phenomenon of battery.The charging later stage adopts interrupted mise-a-la-masse method boost charge, and when battery charging stops, the ohmic polarization of battery disappears, and concentration polarization and electrochemical polarization also weaken gradually, and charging side reaction also stops thereupon.The minimizing of charging side reaction, battery just can accept larger charging current, and charging rate can be accelerated, and charging capacity can improve, the original theory foundation of Here it is interrupted charging modes.Test proves, the charging current of charger exports with intermittent manner, can also accelerate the reaction speed of active material, effectively prevents electrolyte sulfuration crystallization, and can effectively smash the crystalline particle occurred; Meanwhile, due to the disappearance of battery " polarization " phenomenon, thus reduce brine electrolysis, improve gas recombination rate, and reduce dehydration; Pulse current again can the active material of activated batteries inside, profound ground, thus significantly improves the charging available capacity of storage battery.
The deadly defect of traditional three sections or four sections of constant voltages, current constant mode charger is: constant-voltage charging value is high and to turn charging flow valuve low, cause the bad adaptability to internal storage battery and external condition, also poor to the adaptability of different batteries, require also high to the voltage of charger itself, the accuracy of detection of electric current, just can not charge normal once generation drift, therefore often generation storage battery fills bad phenomenon, not so storage battery just can not be full of, and can cause sulfuration and capacity declines.The present invention does not have above-mentioned shortcoming.
5, the circuit of charger can have kinds of schemes, charger operation flow process of the present invention as shown in Figure 3, wherein form 5 by high-voltage rectifying filter circuit 1, current detection circuit 2, active reset circuit 3, voltage conversion circuit 4, indicator light and fan circuit, current sensor circuit 6, lower pressure rectifier filter circuit 7, auxiliary power circuit 8, high-pressure modular circuit 9, drive circuit 10, charging output control circuit 11, low-voltage module circuit 12, as shown in Figure 3.
The circuit structure of charger is: high-voltage rectifying filter circuit 1 is divided into two-way and exports, and a road leads to voltage conversion circuit 4, current sensor circuit 6, charging output control circuit 11 successively; Accessory power supply 8 is led on another road; Three groups of low-tension supplies that accessory power supply 8 converts out, wherein one group leads to active reset circuit 3; Another group leads to current detection circuit 2, high-pressure modular circuit 9 and drive circuit 10 respectively; Also have one group and lead to low-voltage module circuit 12, indicator light circuit 5 respectively; High-pressure modular circuit 9 leads to active reset circuit 3 and drive circuit 10 respectively, and drive circuit 10 leads to charging output control circuit 11; High-voltage rectifying filter circuit 1 constitutes power converter major loop with voltage conversion circuit 4, current sensor circuit 6, the output control circuit 11 that charges successively; Current sensor circuit 6 leads to high-pressure modular circuit 9 through current detection circuit 2, and drive circuit 10 leads to charging output control circuit 11, forms current detecting and the Current limited Control loop of power converter major loop; Voltage conversion circuit 4 charges after leading to lower pressure rectifier filter circuit 7 output, and lower pressure rectifier filter circuit 7 also leads to low-voltage module circuit 12 and indicator light circuit 5; Lower pressure rectifier filter circuit 7, low-voltage module circuit 12, high-pressure modular circuit 9, drive circuit 10, charging output control circuit 11, current sensor circuit 6, voltage conversion circuit 4, the detecting and transform in a composition charging stage and charging current control loop.
Charger operation process is: 220V AC rectification, by current rectifying and wave filtering circuit 1, is become the direct current of 310V by mains supply, and it is divided into two-way and exports, and a road powers to voltage conversion circuit 4, current sensor circuit 6, charging output control circuit 11, another road powers to accessory power supply 8, three groups of low-tension supplies that accessory power supply 8 converts out, wherein one group is the positive-negative power of independently+20V and-7V, powers to active reset circuit 3, the positive-negative power of another group and 310V power supply+20V and-7V altogether, wherein+20V power supply is powered to current detection circuit 2, high-pressure modular circuit 9, and the positive-negative power of+20V and-7V is powered to drive circuit 10, also have one group with lower pressure rectifier filter circuit 7+11V power supply altogether, power to low-voltage module circuit 12, indicator light circuit 5, high-pressure modular circuit 9 just produces pulse signal transmission to drive circuit 10 after obtaining power supply, positive negative pulse stuffing signal is transformed into and after Current amplifier through drive circuit 10, be transferred to charging output control circuit 11, the operating frequency of control switch pipe and switching time, to control the charging current of charger, current sensor circuit 6 detects pulsed current signal simultaneously, pass to current detection circuit 2, current detection circuit 2 according to the form of pulsed current signal after corresponding Shape correction, the pulse voltage exporting a respective magnitudes sends high-pressure modular circuit 9 to, if exceed restriction amplitude, high-pressure modular circuit 9 meeting interruption pulse signal, if do not exceed restriction amplitude, high-pressure modular circuit 9 can transmit the pulsewidth of original setting, the pulse voltage of 310V is transformed into the voltage needed for charge in batteries by voltage conversion circuit 4, charged a battery by lower pressure rectifier filter circuit 7 again, after high-pressure modular circuit 9 gives drive circuit 10 transmission pulse signal ended, namely active reset circuit 3 transmission pulse signal is given, charging output control circuit 11 is closed and has no progeny, the remanent magnetism stayed in magnetic core of transformer is eliminated under the effect of active reset circuit 3, the remanent magnetism amount of magnetic core of transformer is remained in particular range, thus ensures next of transformer transfer power transformation period.Low-voltage module circuit 12 according to battery tension and charging current judge charger operation in the preliminary filling stage, master fills the stage, tiny stream fills the stage or supplemental stages, to control high-pressure modular, make it to provide suitable pulse duration to the section opened and close of charging output control circuit, to control the charging current of charger.Indicator light and fan circuit obtain pulse current from lower pressure rectifier filter circuit, to show charged state and drive fan running.
6, the charging method of this charger can big current (if main charging stream is 0.5C, 1C) be more charge in batteries, to realize the quick charge of electric motor car.
Claims (3)
1. a charger, it is characterized in that, the circuit structure of charger is: high-voltage rectifying filter circuit (1) is divided into two-way and exports, and a road leads to voltage conversion circuit (4), current sensor circuit (6), charging output control circuit (11) successively; Accessory power supply (8) is led on another road; Three groups of low-tension supplies that accessory power supply (8) converts out, wherein one group leads to active reset circuit (3); Another group leads to current detection circuit (2), high-pressure modular circuit (9) and drive circuit (10) respectively; Also have one group and lead to low-voltage module circuit (12), indicator light circuit (5) respectively; High-pressure modular circuit (9) leads to active reset circuit (3) and drive circuit (10) respectively, drive circuit (10) leads to charging output control circuit (11), and high-voltage rectifying filter circuit (1) constitutes power converter major loop with voltage conversion circuit (4), current sensor circuit (6), the output control circuit (11) that charges successively; Current sensor circuit (6) leads to high-pressure modular circuit (9) through current detection circuit (2), drive circuit (10) leads to charging output control circuit (11), forms current detecting and the Current limited Control loop of power converter major loop; Voltage conversion circuit (4) leads to lower pressure rectifier filter circuit (7) and to charge afterwards output, and lower pressure rectifier filter circuit (7) also leads to low-voltage module circuit (12) and indicator light circuit (5); Lower pressure rectifier filter circuit (7), low-voltage module circuit (12), high-pressure modular circuit (9), drive circuit (10), charging output control circuit (11), current sensor circuit (6), the detecting and transform in voltage conversion circuit (4) composition charging each stage and charging current control loop.
2. a charging method for valve sealing lead acid accumulator, is characterized in that, charging process is divided interrupted mise-a-la-masse method precharge, gradually fallen the main charging of current method, the trickle charge of constant voltage charge method and interrupted mise-a-la-masse method boost charge four-stage:
A, interrupted mise-a-la-masse method precharge: when valve-regulated lead-acid battery voltage is lower than rated voltage, with fill several seconds, the method for stopping several seconds intermittently charges, and charging current is less; When valve-regulated lead-acid battery voltage reaches permission large current charge voltage, main charged state can be proceeded to;
B, gradually fall the main charging of current method: when valve-regulated lead-acid battery voltage reaches and allows large current charge voltage, carry out the main charging of constant current, along with the rising of battery tension, when main charging charging current allows charging curve close to storage battery soon, electric current declines gradually; When 20 DEG C of temperature, enter constant voltage charge when battery tension is charged to the every cell voltage 2.4V of storage battery, not when 20 DEG C of temperature, certain temperature-compensating given by the needs according to storage battery;
C, the trickle charge of constant voltage charge method: with the voltage of every unit 2.4V to storage battery constant voltage charge, charging current continues to decline, and when electric current drops to 0.05C, proceeds to boost charge;
D, interrupted mise-a-la-masse method boost charge: fill several seconds, stop several seconds interrupted charging methods and give boost charge, a suitable charging current and suitable stop voltage is selected according to different storage batterys, rising charged electrical along with voltage fails to be convened for lack of a quorum decline, interrupted charging after three hours charging terminate.
3. a charging method for valve sealing lead acid accumulator, is characterized in that, charging process is divided interrupted mise-a-la-masse method precharge, gradually fallen the main charging of current method, the trickle charge of constant voltage charge method and interrupted mise-a-la-masse method boost charge four-stage:
A, interrupted mise-a-la-masse method precharge: when the every cell voltage of valve-regulated lead-acid battery is less than 1.9V, fill 2 seconds, stop intermittently charging in 2 seconds, and charging current is 1/3rd of main charging stream 0.2C; When valve-regulated lead-acid battery voltage reaches the every unit of 1.8V, can proceed to and mainly fill state;
B, gradually fall the main charging of current method: valve-regulated lead-acid battery voltage is charged to 2.25V from every unit 1.9V and adopts constant current charge, main charging charging is with 0.2C current charges, and 2.25V to 2.4V section charging current drops to 0.13C from 0.2C; When 20 DEG C of temperature, enter constant voltage charge when battery tension is charged to every cell voltage 2.4V, not when 20 DEG C of temperature, every cell voltage 2.4V battery tension will have the temperature-compensating of-3mV/ DEG C;
C, the trickle charge of constant voltage charge method: with the voltage of every unit 2.4V to storage battery constant voltage charge, charging current declines gradually from about 0.13C, when electric current drops to about 0.05C, proceeds to boost charge;
D, interrupted mise-a-la-masse method boost charge: during every cell voltage 2.5V, fill 2 seconds, stop 2 seconds intermittently charging give to fill, controlling maximum charging current is main 1/3rd of the stream that charges, along with the elevated currents of voltage can decline, when battery tension is close to every unit 2.5V, interrupted charging average current trends towards 0.01C, and after interrupted charging three hours, charging terminates.
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