CN103604227B - Solar water heater intelligently controlled according to period of time - Google Patents
Solar water heater intelligently controlled according to period of time Download PDFInfo
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- CN103604227B CN103604227B CN201310650591.2A CN201310650591A CN103604227B CN 103604227 B CN103604227 B CN 103604227B CN 201310650591 A CN201310650591 A CN 201310650591A CN 103604227 B CN103604227 B CN 103604227B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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Abstract
The invention provides a solar water heater intelligently controlled according to a period of time. The solar water heater comprises a heat collector and a water tank connected with the heat collector, wherein the flow in the heat collector can be adjusted according to periods of time. By using the solar water heater, the flow in the heat collector can be adjusted according to the periods of time, so that the effluent temperature of the heat collector can be kept constant.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to computer control field, particularly relate to a kind of according to time period Based Intelligent Control solar water heater.
Background technology
Solar energy, as a kind of regenerative resource of cleaning, has the unrivaled non-environmental-pollution of other energy, without advantages such as potential safety hazards.Along with electricity consumption in all parts of the country, the growing tension using gas, solar water heater is more and more subject to the favor of people.Thermal-collecting tube and water tank are arranged on the roof of building by traditional solar water heater, and the heat that thermal-collecting tube absorbs the sun makes water temperature raise, and hot water is laid in water tank, and when needs time, hot water is introduced indoor, for people to use by the hot-water line of open air.In summer, because light application time is long, intensity is high, cause water temperature over-high in water tank, hot water can not directly use, and hot-water line need be relied on to be connected with running water pipe, regulated the height of water temperature by mixing valve, such leaving water temperature fluctuation is large, usually need in use repeatedly to regulate, not only bother, and greatly reduce the comfortableness of bathing.In the winter time, especially in the north, because light application time is short, intensity is little, hot water in water tank often do not reach people need temperature, the heater work now in water tank, first by hot water heating to required temperature, it is very inconvenient when people use in the winter time thus, easily catch a cold, not only the comfortableness of bathing is poor, but also causes the waste of water resource.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be to provide a kind of can the solar water heater temperature control system of constant-temperature effluent.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of Based Intelligent Control solar water heater with auxiliary heating function, the water tank comprising central controller, heat collector and be connected with heat collector, the water inlet of heat collector is communicated with external water source by pipeline, and described heat collector comprises: temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, flow controller; Described temperature sensor is two, is separately positioned on water inlet and the delivery port of heat collector, for the temperature of the water of the water inlet and delivery port of measuring heat collector; Optical sensor is arranged on the endothermic section of heat collector, for detecting the intensity of sunshine; Flowmeter is arranged in the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, for measuring the flow of the water entering heat collector; Flow controller is arranged in the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, for controlling the flow of the water entering heat collector; Between described temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, flow controller with described central controller, communication is connected; Described central controller comprises the first regulon, described first regulon is according to the measured value of temperature sensor, optical sensor and flowmeter, produce the conditioning signal controlling described flow controller, to change the flow of the water flowing into described heat collector, the fluid temperature (F.T.) in described heat collector is remained unchanged;
Described water tank comprises: inner water tank, electric heater, water inlet pipe, hot water outlet pipe, temperature sensor, water level controller, flow controller, flow sensor; Described inner bag includes four-layer structure, often adjacently two-layerly to fit tightly, and ground floor is from the inside to the outside inside courtyard layer, and the second layer is alloy-layer, and third layer is stainless steel layer, and the 4th layer is rustproof lacquer layer; From inside to outside, the thermal expansion system coefficient of every layer raises described inner water tank gradually; Hot water outlet pipe is connected with inner water tank with one end of water inlet pipe, the other end of water inlet pipe is connected with the delivery port of heat collector, between described temperature sensor, water level controller, flow controller, flow sensor, electric heater with described central controller, communication is connected, described inner bag comprises four sidewalls and a diapire, diapire and each sidewall are respectively arranged with four electric heaters, the first electric heater, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater respectively, for heating the water in water heater; When heating is started, the first described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts heating, and the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater do not start heating; When the temperature of water reaches the first temperature, the second described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start heating, diapire heats together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, and the 3rd electric heater on diapire and each sidewall and the 4th electric heater do not start heating; When temperature reaches the second temperature, the 3rd described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, diapire heats water together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater, and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall does not start heating; When temperature reaches the 4th temperature, the 4th described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, and diapire heats water together with the described all electric heaters on each sidewall; Described temperature sensor is arranged in inner bag, and for measuring the temperature of water, described flow sensor and flow controller are arranged on water heater inlet tube, and described flow sensor is for measuring the flow of the water flowing into inner water tank; Described flow controller is used for the flow velocity of the water controlled on water inlet pipe, described water level controller is for measuring the water level of inner water tank, described central controller comprises the second regulon, described second regulon, according to the temperature of the water of described temperature sensor measurement, produces the conditioning signal controlling described electric heater; In order to ensure the height that the water level of inner bag keeps certain, central controller carrys out the flow velocity of control flow check amount controller according to the water level measured and flow; In order to the temperature of the water ensureing inner bag reaches predetermined temperature, central controller can according to the water temperature of inner bag water temperature, heat collector delivery port and the flow velocity of flow-control second amount controller flowing into inner bag;
Described water tank comprises heat-insulation layer further, and heat-insulation layer has three layers, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer of heat-insulation layer raises gradually.
Temperature sensor in described water tank is multiple, wherein at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the hot water outlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the temperature of outlet hot water, at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the water inlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the water temperature of inlet water, wherein at least one temperature sensor is arranged on other positions of inner water tank, be used for measuring the temperature of water in inner water tank, described regulon produces the conditioning signal controlling described water tank by the mean value of the temperature of multiple temperature sensor measurement.
The power of the 4th electric heater on each sidewall of described water tank and/or diapire is greater than the power of the 3rd electric heater, and the power of the 3rd electric heater is greater than the power of the second electric heater, and the power of the second electric heater is greater than the power of the first electric heater.
Electric heater on each sidewall of described water tank distributes along the short transverse of inner water tank, is up wherein the 4th electric heater, the second electric heater, the first electric heater, the 3rd electric heater successively from inner water tank bottom; Electric heater on described each sidewall and/or diapire distributes along the height stagger arrangement of inner water tank.
Electric heater on each sidewall of described water tank linearly distributes along the height of inner water tank, in the height direction, second electric heater and the first electric heater are 0.8-0.9 times of the first electric heater and the 3rd electric heater distance, and the distance of the 4th electric heater and the second electric heater is 0.7-0.75 times of the second electric heater and the first electric heater distance.
The second layer of water tank is aluminium alloy layer, and the mass percent of the component of the aluminium alloy of described aluminium alloy layer is as follows: 6.0% Cu, 0.9% Mg, 0.6% Ag, 0.8% Mn, 0.13% Zr, 0.1% Ce, 0.10% Ti, 0.15% Si, all the other are Al.
Electric heater is made up of electrothermal alloy, the following Ni 34% of mass percent of described electrothermal alloy; Cr 18%; Al 5%; C 0.05%; B 0.006%; Co 2%; W 4%; Mo 4%; Ti 2%; Nb 0.1%; La 0.2%; Ce 0.2%; Fe surplus.
The formula entering the flow value of the unit interval of the water of heat collector is: Δ V=(R × A × η)/(ρ × CL × (T3-T)), wherein Δ V is the flow value of fluids within pipes unit interval, R is solar radiation value, A is the effective endotherm area of heat collector, η is heat loss factor, span is between 0.95-0.98, ρ is the density of water in pipeline, T3 is the water temperature that heat collector needs to reach, the average temperature of T heat collector, i.e. T=(T1+T2)/2, T1, T2 is respectively the temperature of heat collector outlet and heat collector entrance, CL is the specific heat of water mean temperature in pipeline.
In described heat collector, electric heater unit is set; Described heat collector comprises three-decker, and every layer of thermal coefficient of expansion from inside to outside reduces gradually.
Described water heater also comprises solar tracking system.
Electric heater on described each sidewall linearly distributes along the height of water heater liner, and the angle of the center line of described straight line and sidewall is 30-45 °.
In heat collector, adjust flow according to the time period, comprise setting-up time section, record average solar irradiation value of each described time period; Record the outlet temperature T1 of each average heat collector of described time period; Record the average described heat collector outlet temperature T2 of each described time period; According to the flow of water of the numerical computations heat collector of setting heat collector terminal temperature T3 and measurement.
Compared with prior art, solar water appliance of the present invention has following advantage:
1) by the auxiliary heating of water tank, realize the temperature constant of water outlet, such as, when the water temperature of heat collector is on the low side time, heated by the electric calorifie installation starting water tank.
2) by measuring tempeature and intensity of illumination, the constant of water heater temperature can be realized by controlling flow;
3) by arranging electric heater unit, when can be implemented in bad weather, independently computer heating control being carried out to water heater, also synthermal sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter can realize to water heater temperature co-controlling together with central controller.
4) can control water heater temperature according to the time period.
5) by arranging multiple electric heater, when water heater has just started heating, one of them electric heater has only been started, thus the temperature of lifting water slowly, thus the temperature avoiding water improves fast, avoids the quick heat expansion of inner water tank; After reaching certain water temperature, water heater inwall now heat slowly increases to a certain degree, and therefore now at increasing heating power, the speed that the heat that can't produce the water heater at heating initial stage rises, therefore improves the service life of water heater.
6) by all arranging electric heater at four sidewalls and diapire, the even water temperature heated can be ensured;
7) electric heater is arranged in the short transverse of inner water tank, and the electric heater first starting heating is placed on the centre of three electric heaters, the phenomenon thus the heat of electric heater to inner bag diapire that first reduction starts rises.
8) by water level controller, flow controller, flow sensor, the control to the flow velocity entering water heater is realized.
9) by arranging multiple temperature sensor, to ensure the accurate of the water temperature of measurement.
10) by the setting of electric heater spacing and heating power, the homogeneous heating to water is realized.
11) by the reasonable distribution to the mass percent of the component of the aluminium alloy of aluminium alloy layer, high-fire resistance and the Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature of the alloy-layer of inner bag is improved.
12) by the setting to the component of electrothermal alloy, electrothermal alloy is made to have high non-oxidizability and resistance to corrosion.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the operating diagram of heat collector of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of inner water tank
Fig. 3 is the overall appearance figure of inner water tank
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of inner water tank work of the present invention
Fig. 5 is the electric heater wherein a kind of distribution map on inner water tank sidewall
Fig. 6 is the electric heater wherein another kind of distribution map on inner water tank sidewall
Reference numeral is as follows:
1 central controller
The Reference numeral of water tank is as follows:
First electric heater of 2 the first side walls, second electric heater of 3 the first side walls, 3rd electric heater of 4 the first side walls, 4th electric heater of 5 the first side walls, 6 water inlet pipes, 7 hot water outlet pipes, 8 temperature sensors, 9 temperature sensors, 10 temperature sensors, 11 flow sensors, 12 flow controllers, 13 inner water tanks, 3rd electric heater of 14 diapires, first electric heater of 15 diapires, second electric heater of 16 diapires, 4th electric heater of 17 diapires, first electric heater of 18 second sidewalls, second electric heater of 19 second sidewalls, 3rd electric heater of 20 second sidewalls, 4th electric heater of 21 second sidewalls, the ground floor of 22 inner bags, the second layer of 23 inner bags, the third layer of 24 inner bags, the 4th layer of 25 inner bags, the shell of 26 inner bags,
The Reference numeral of the part of heat collector is as follows:
27 heat collectors, the position of the temperature sensor of 28 heat collector outlets, the position of the temperature sensor of 29 heat collector entrances, the position of 30 flowmeters, 31 electric heater units, the position of 32 flow controllers.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
First introduce the associated components of heat collector below.
First, please refer to Fig. 1, a kind of solar water heater, comprise heat collector 27, the water inlet of heat collector 27 is communicated with external water source by pipeline, and water heater also comprises temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, flow controller and central controller; Described temperature sensor is two, on the position 29 being separately positioned on the water inlet of heat collector and delivery port position 28, for the temperature of the water of the water inlet and delivery port of measuring heat collector; Optical sensor is arranged on the endothermic section (Fig. 1 does not illustrate) of heat collector, for detecting the intensity of sunshine; Flowmeter is arranged in the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, the position of Reference numeral 30 as shown in Figure 1, for measuring the flow of the water entering heat collector; Flow controller is arranged in the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, the position of Reference numeral 32 as shown in Figure 1, for controlling the flow of the water entering heat collector; Between described temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, flow controller with described central controller 1, communication is connected; Described central controller comprises the first regulon, described first regulon is according to temperature sensor and optical sensor measured value, produce the conditioning signal controlling described flowmeter, to change the flow of the water flowing into corresponding described heat collector, the fluid temperature (F.T.) in described heat collector is remained unchanged.
The delivery port of heat collector 27 is connected with the water inlet of water tank.
Described heat collector 27 comprises three-decker, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer reduces gradually.This is because in the process of thermal-arrest, the outside of heat collector is first heated, and first expands, and is then inwardly the second layer, third layer expanded by heating successively, therefore from inside to outside three layers of expansion number of times reduce successively and can ensure that expansion rate is consistent substantially, ensure the compactness that each layer connects and stability.
The formula that described solar radiation value calculates the flow value of the unit interval of water in pipeline is: Δ V=(R × A × η)/(ρ × CL × (T3-T)), wherein Δ V is the flow value of fluids within pipes unit interval, R is solar radiation value, A is the effective endotherm area of heat collector, η is heat loss factor, span is between 0.95-0.98, ρ is the density of water in pipeline, CL is the avergae specific heat of pipeline Nei Shui place temperature range, T3 is the water temperature that heat collector needs to reach, the average temperature of T heat collector, i.e. T=(T1+T2)/2, T1, T2 is respectively the temperature of heat collector outlet and heat collector entrance.
Certainly, the mean temperature of heat collector also has other metering systems many, such as, at multiple positions set temperature sensor of heat collector, is measured the water temperature of heat collector by the mean temperature of the water calculating multiple position.If take this kind of mode, then do not need to import and export set temperature sensor at heat collector, and need at the inner set temperature sensor of heat collector.
Central controller 1 also comprises data storage cell, logic controller, data storage cell is used for storing temperature sensor, optical sensor, the numerical value of flowmeter survey and the formula of flow value, described logic controller, according to the flow value of the formulae discovery unit interval of the numerical value of described measurement and flow value, makes the fluid temperature (F.T.) in described pipeline remain unchanged.
Electric heater unit 31 is set in described heat collector, described electric heater unit can work alone when not having sunlight (such as evening or cloudy day), also can when sunlight cannot meet the use of normal hot water, under the control of central controller, cooperation temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter realize the co-controlling to water heater temperature together with central controller.
In addition, central controller 1 independently can control the water temperature that electric heater unit 3 needs to reach to realize heat collector, such as can at least one temperature sensor be set in heat collector cases, controls electric heater unit 31 according to the water temperature of temperature sensor measurement and heat.The mean value of the water temperature also can measured according to heat collector water inlet and delivery port controls electric heater unit 31 and heats.
Described heat collector also comprises solar tracking system, by solar tracking system, can make the tracking sun that heat collector is real-time, has reached maximum and has utilized solar energy.
The temperature of heat collector 27 controls to control in real time, also can control according to the time period.According to the time period control in situation, need setting-up time section, record average solar irradiation value of each described time period; Record the outlet temperature T1 of each average heat collector of described time period; Record the average described heat collector outlet temperature T2 of each described time period; According to the flow of water of the numerical computations heat collector of setting heat collector terminal temperature T3 and measurement.
Regulon changes the flow of the water flowing into corresponding described heat collector 27 by the aperture size of adjustment valve.The size of certain adjustment flow also has additive method, such as, by control pump etc.
The structure of the water tank be connected with heat collector is as follows:
First, please refer to Fig. 2, described water tank comprises inner water tank 13 and shell 26, water heater bottom arranges water inlet pipe 6, the side on top is provided with hot water outlet pipe 7, the water of the heating of heat collector enters inner water tank 13 by water inlet pipe 6, then heats in inner water tank 13, is then flowed out by hot water outlet pipe 7.
Certainly, water inlet pipe can also connect outside cold water simultaneously, when bad weather time, can close the water inlet be connected with heat collector, open the connection of outside cold water, thus realize the independent heating of water tank.Certainly, also can heat collector heating hot water be connected with outside cold water simultaneously, reached the water of heat collector and outside cold water mix, reached the demand realizing rapidly suitable water temperature.
Fig. 3 illustrates the schematic diagram of inner water tank 13.Inner water tank 13 is divided into four layers; often adjacently two-layerly to fit tightly; from inside to outside inside courtyard layer 22, alloy-layer 23, stainless steel layer 24 and rustproof lacquer layer 25 respectively; inner water tank 13 is owing to have employed said structure; ground floor is inside courtyard layer; can avoid occurring corrosion; the second layer is aluminium alloy layer; make heat transfer cooking uniformity effective; third layer is stainless steel layer, makes the outer surface of inner bag not only attractive in appearance, and the heat transfer of inner bag can also be made faster; 4th layer is rustproof lacquer layer, and layers of copper can be protected to avoid producing corrosion.
Preferably, described alloy-layer is aluminium alloy layer.
The sidewall of the inner bag 13 that Fig. 3 shows and diapire are in the obtuse angle being greater than 90 °, certainly, the sidewall of inner bag and diapire are not limited to the form of accompanying drawing, and inner bag and sidewall can in the angles of 90 °, inner bag can be cubic shaped, is made up of four mutually perpendicular sidewalls and diapire.
Material in inner bag 13 is not limited to the material of foregoing description, those skilled in the art can reasonably select, but the selection of the material for the four-layer structure of inner bag, requirement is that the thermal coefficient of expansion of four-layer structure from inside to outside increases gradually, that is, the thermal coefficient of expansion of innermost layer is minimum, and the second layer secondly, third layer is greater than the second layer but is less than the 4th layer, and the 4th layer maximum.Why such setting, because in the process of heating, ground floor is first heated, first expand, then be the second layer, third layer, the 4th layer of expanded by heating successively, therefore four layers of coefficient of expansion increase successively and can ensure that expansion rate is consistent substantially, ensure the compactness that each layer connects and stability.
Described water tank comprises heat-insulation layer, and heat-insulation layer has three layers, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer of heat-insulation layer raises gradually.It is further preferred that water tank from inside to outside, from inner bag to heat-insulation layer, the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer raises gradually.Thus realize ensureing that expansion rate is consistent substantially, ensure the compactness that each layer connects and stability
As shown in Figure 4, described water tank comprises electric heater, temperature sensor, wherein hot water outlet pipe 7 is connected with inner water tank 13 with water inlet pipe 6, described temperature sensor 8-10, electric heater 2-5,14-17, between 18-21 with described central controller 1, communication is connected, and described inner bag 13 comprises four sidewalls (show only two sidewalls in Fig. 3) and a diapire, and diapire and each sidewall are respectively arranged with four electric heaters.As shown in Figure 3, the first side wall of the inner water tank of Fig. 3 is respectively the first electric heater 2, second electric heater 3, the 3rd electric heater 4 and the 4th electric heater 5, in like manner the first electric heater 18, second electric heater 19, the 3rd electric heater 20 and the 4th electric heater 21 respectively on the second sidewall of the inner water tank of Fig. 3, simultaneously setting and the first side wall of the electric heater of two of inner water tank outer two sidewalls and the second sidewall arrange identical, be respectively arranged with four electric heaters; The diapire of inner bag 13 is provided with four electric heaters, is the 3rd electric heater 14, first electric heater 15, second electric heater 16 and the 4th electric heater 17 respectively, and the electric heater of above-mentioned setting is used for heating the water in water heater; When heating is started, described first electric heater 2 on diapire and each sidewall, 18,15(comprises the first electric heater on unshowned two sidewalls) start heating, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater do not start heating; When the temperature of water reaches the first temperature, the second described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start heating, diapire heats together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, and the 3rd electric heater on diapire and each sidewall and the 4th electric heater do not start heating; When temperature reaches the second temperature, the 3rd described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, diapire heats water together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater, and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall does not start heating; When temperature reaches the 3rd temperature, the 4th described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, and diapire heats water together with the described all electric heaters on each sidewall; Described central controller 1 comprises the second regulon, and described second regulon, according to the temperature of the water of described temperature sensor measurement, produces the conditioning signal controlling described water tank.
In the process of reality heating, as long as the temperature of water is lower than the first temperature, then only start the first electric heater of diapire and four sidewalls, if when the temperature of water is between the first temperature and the second temperature, then start the first electric heater and second electric heater of diapire and four sidewalls simultaneously, if when the temperature of water is between the second temperature and the 3rd temperature, then start the first electric heater of diapire and four sidewalls simultaneously, second electric heater and the 3rd electric heater, when the temperature of water reach or more than the 3rd temperature time, then all electric heaters start simultaneously and heat.
Certainly, those skilled in the art can set the maximum temperature needing heating as required, and such as set temperature input control plate controls the temperature of heating.If need to be heated to the second temperature, then the 3rd heater and the 4th heater do not need to start, and only need according to temperature actuated first electric heater and the second electric heater.
By arranging the electric heater in water tank, the independent heating of water tank can be realized, also can realize water tank auxiliary heating.Namely the water temperature when heat collector input is on the low side, and water tank electric heater starts heating, has reached required water temperature.
Described temperature sensor is multiple, is all arranged in inner bag 5.As shown in Figure 3, one of them temperature sensor 8 is arranged on the hot water outlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the hot water temperature of outlet hot water, one of them temperature sensor 9 is arranged on the cold water inlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the water temperature of entrance cold water, wherein at least one temperature sensor 10 is arranged on other positions of inner water tank, is used for measuring the temperature of water in inner water tank 10, such as the bottom being arranged on inner bag 5 as shown in Figure 3.Described regulon produces the conditioning signal controlling described electric heater by the mean value of the temperature of multiple temperature sensor measurement.
Although the quantity of the temperature sensor in Fig. 4 is 3, in fact, the quantity of temperature sensor is not limited to 3, and such as the quantity of the sensor of water heater hot-water exit position, cold water inlet position and other positions can be two or more.The measurement accuracy of water temperature can be increased by arranging multiple temperature sensor.
Certainly, those skilled in the art also can select temperature sensor to be arranged on hot water inlet's pipe and/or cooling water outlet pipe as required, to come together the mean value of computation and measurement temperature with the temperature sensor being arranged on inner bag.
In order to the temperature of the water ensureing inner bag reaches predetermined temperature, central controller can according to the water temperature of inner bag water temperature, heat collector delivery port and the flow velocity of flow-control second amount controller flowing into inner bag.Such as, when the water temperature in inner bag is on the low side, the water temperature of heat collector is higher, then the outlet hot water that can improve heat collector flows into the speed of inner bag, otherwise, then suitably can reduce the flow of the water flowing into inner bag from heat collector.Because the entrance of water tank can also connect external water source (as running water water source), if heat collector water temperature is higher, then can also be reduced the water temperature in water tank by the inflow velocity strengthening external water source.
If heat collector water temperature is also on the low side, then can start the electric heating system in heat collector and/or water tank, by electric heating system auxiliary heating, improve water temperature, if heater water temperature is higher, then can reduce temperature by the flow velocity of water inlet strengthening heater, also can be reduced the water temperature of water tank by the flow velocity strengthening outside cold water source, or the flow velocity of heat collector and water tank entrance cold water simultaneously can be taked to reduce the water temperature in water tank and heat collector.
In addition, in order to control the flow velocity of outside cold water source, flow controller, flow sensor can be set on the pipeline of outside cold water source, the flow velocity on the pipeline detecting outside cold water source and control flow, to control the flow entering the external water source of inner bag.
As shown in Figure 4, the electric heater of described the first side wall distributes along the short transverse of inner water tank, is up wherein the 4th electric heater 5, second electric heater 3, first electric heater 2, the 3rd electric heater 4 successively from inner water tank bottom.The setting of the electric heater of other sidewalls is identical with arranging of the first side wall.
Electric heater on described each sidewall linearly distributes along the height of inner water tank, in the height direction, second electric heater 3 and the first electric heater 2 are 0.8-0.9 times of the first electric heater 2 and the 3rd electric heater 4 distance, and the distance of the 4th electric heater 5 and the second electric heater 3 is 0.7-0.75 times of the second electric heater 3 and the first electric heater 2 distance.The setting of the electric heater of other sidewalls is identical with arranging of the first side wall.
The power of the 4th electric heater 5 is greater than the power of the 3rd electric heater 4, and the power of the 3rd electric heater 4 is greater than the power of the second electric heater 3, and the power of the second electric heater 3 is greater than the power of the first electric heater 2.The setting of the electric heater of other sidewalls is identical with arranging of the first side wall.
Described cold water inlet 6 is arranged near the position that the diapire on diapire is connected with sidewall, and the electric heater distance water inlet pipe 6 of diapire is apart from being distributed as from the close-by examples to those far off: the 4th electric heater 17, second electric heater 16, first electric heater 15 and the 3rd electric heater 14.
Diapire is upper, and the power of the 4th electric heater 17 is greater than the power of the 3rd electric heater 14, and the power of the 3rd electric heater 14 is greater than the power of the second electric heater 16, and the power of the second electric heater 16 is greater than the power of the first electric heater 15.
By the setting of above-mentioned position and power, the harmony of the heating of water can be improved, ensure the uniformity that each wall surface temperature promotes.
Described water tank also comprises water level controller (Fig. 3 is not shown), flow controller 12, flow sensor 11, water level controller, flow controller 12, flow sensor 11 are connected with central controller 1 communication, flow sensor 11 and flow controller 12 are arranged on water heater inlet tube 6, and described flow sensor 11 is for measuring the flow of the water flowing into inner water tank 5; Described flow controller 12 is used for the flow velocity of the water controlled on water heater inlet tube 6, described water level controller is for measuring the water level of inner water tank, and measurement result is passed to central controller 1, central controller 1 carrys out the flow velocity of control flow check amount controller 12 according to the water level measured and flow, and central controller 1 can also according to the flow velocity of water temperature and flow-control flow controller 12.Such as, if the water temperature in water tank has exceeded the demand of user, then by arranging the flow of increase water in reduction water temperature, in like manner, if the water temperature in water tank is lower than the demand of user, then can be ensured the Fast Heating of water by the flow reducing water.The demand of user can be arranged by user interface (not shown).If water level decreasing, then by controlling to increase the flow that flow velocity increases the water entering inner bag, if water level is too high, then by reducing or stop the flow velocity of water to reduce or avoid entering the discharge in interior road.
The electric heater illustrating the first side wall as Fig. 5 distributes along the height stagger arrangement of inner water tank.Certainly the electric heater on each sidewall and diapire can adopt stagger arrangement distribution as shown in Figure 4,
Electric heater on described each sidewall linearly distributes along the height of inner water tank, and as shown in Figure 5, the angle of the center line of described straight line and sidewall is 30-45 ° (the dotted line angulation of two shown in Fig. 5).Electric heater on certain diapire can adopt stagger arrangement distribution as shown in Figure 5.
Arranged by above-mentioned electric heater position, the harmony of the heating of water can be improved, ensure the uniformity that each wall surface temperature promotes.
In actual applications, burn-out-proof equipment for drying can also be set, to ensure that the electric heater carrying out heating all is immersed in water.If electric heater is not immersed in water, then electric heater stops heating automatically, prevents dry combustion method.Heat again when rising flood electric heater Deng water level.
The mass percent of the component of the aluminium alloy of aluminium alloy layer is as follows: 6.0% Cu, 0.9% Mg, 0.6% Ag, 0.8% Mn, 0.13% Zr, 0.1% Ce, 0.10% Ti, 0.15% Si, and all the other are Al.
The manufacture method of aluminium alloy is: adopt vacuum metallurgy melting, and argon for protecting pouring becomes circle base, through 600 DEG C of Homogenization Treatments, at 400 DEG C, adopts and is hot extruded into bar, and then after 580 DEG C of solution hardening, carry out artificial aging process at 200 DEG C.The tensile strength sigma b of alloy: room temperature >=550MPa, 200 DEG C >=440MPa, 300 DEG C >=-230MPa.
Electric heater is made up of electrothermal alloy, the following Ni 34% of mass percent of described electrothermal alloy; Cr 18%; Al 5%; C 0.05%; B 0.006%; Co 2%; W 4%; Mo 4%; Ti 2%; Nb 0.1%; La 0.2%; Ce0.2%; Fe surplus.
The manufacture method of electrothermal alloy is: become ingot by the composition smelting and pouring according to electrothermal alloy in vaccum sensitive stove, then at 1200 DEG C-900 DEG C, alloy pig forge hot is become bar, be rolled into dish material at 1200 DEG C-900 DEG C, then become the silk material of different size in room temperature cold-drawn.
In order to replace widely used NiCr system Cr20Ni80 alloy, and manufactured the electrothermal alloy of low cost, the non-oxidizability of alloy and Cr20Ni80 contrast as follows:
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, the present invention is not defined in this.Any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all can make various changes or modifications, and therefore protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with claim limited range.
Claims (1)
1. according to a time period Based Intelligent Control solar water heater, the water tank comprising central controller, heat collector and be connected with heat collector, the water inlet of heat collector is communicated with external water source by pipeline, it is characterized in that,
Described heat collector comprises: temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, first flow controller; Described temperature sensor is two, is separately positioned on water inlet and the delivery port of heat collector, for the temperature of the water of the water inlet and delivery port of measuring heat collector; Optical sensor is arranged on the endothermic section of heat collector, for detecting the intensity of sunshine; Flowmeter is arranged in the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, for measuring the flow of the water entering heat collector; First flow controller is arranged in the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, for controlling the flow of the water entering heat collector; Described temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, between first flow controller with described central controller communication be connected; Described central controller comprises the first regulon, described first regulon is according to the measured value of temperature sensor, optical sensor and flowmeter, produce the conditioning signal controlling described first flow controller, to change the flow of the water flowing into described heat collector, the fluid temperature (F.T.) in described heat collector is remained unchanged;
Described water tank comprises: inner water tank, electric heater, water inlet pipe, hot water outlet pipe, temperature sensor, water level controller, second amount controller, flow sensor; Described inner bag includes four-layer structure, often adjacently two-layerly to fit tightly, and ground floor is from the inside to the outside inside courtyard layer, and the second layer is alloy-layer, and third layer is stainless steel layer, and the 4th layer is rustproof lacquer layer; From inside to outside, the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer becomes large to described inner water tank successively; Hot water outlet pipe is connected with inner water tank with one end of water inlet pipe, the other end of water inlet pipe is connected with the delivery port of heat collector, described temperature sensor, water level controller, second amount controller, flow sensor, between electric heater with described central controller communication be connected, described inner bag comprises four sidewalls and a diapire, diapire and four sidewalls each on be provided with four electric heaters, the first electric heater, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater respectively, for heating the water in water heater; When heating is started, the first described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts heating, and the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater do not start heating; When the temperature of water reaches the first temperature, the second described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start heating, diapire heats together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, and the 3rd electric heater on diapire and each sidewall and the 4th electric heater do not start heating; When temperature reaches the second temperature, the 3rd described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, diapire heats water together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater, and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall does not start heating; When temperature reaches the 4th temperature, the 4th described electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, and diapire heats water together with the described all electric heaters on each sidewall; Described temperature sensor is arranged in inner bag, and for measuring the temperature of water, described flow sensor and second amount controller are arranged on water heater inlet tube, and described flow sensor is for measuring the flow of the water flowing into inner water tank; Described second amount controller is used for the flow velocity of the water controlled on water inlet pipe, described water level controller is for measuring the water level of inner water tank, described central controller comprises the second regulon, described second regulon, according to the temperature of the water of described temperature sensor measurement, produces the conditioning signal controlling described electric heater; In order to ensure the height that the water level of inner bag keeps certain, central controller controls the flow velocity of second amount controller according to the inner bag water level measured and flow; In order to the temperature of the water ensureing inner bag reaches predetermined temperature, central controller can according to the water temperature of inner bag water temperature, heat collector delivery port and the flow velocity of flow-control second amount controller flowing into inner bag;
The power of the 4th electric heater on each sidewall of described water tank and/or diapire is greater than the power of the 3rd electric heater, and the power of the 3rd electric heater is greater than the power of the second electric heater, and the power of the second electric heater is greater than the power of the first electric heater;
The formula entering the flow value of the unit interval of the water of heat collector is: Δ V=(R × A × η)/(ρ × CL × (T3-T)), wherein Δ V is the flow value of fluids within pipes unit interval, R is solar radiation value, A is the effective endotherm area of heat collector, η is heat loss factor, span is between 0.95-0.98, ρ is the density of water in pipeline, T3 is the water temperature that heat collector needs to reach, the average temperature of T heat collector, i.e. T=(T1+T2)/2, T1, T2 is respectively the temperature of heat collector outlet and heat collector entrance, CL is the specific heat of water mean temperature in pipeline,
In heat collector, adjust flow according to the time period, comprise setting-up time section, record average solar irradiation value of each described time period; Record the outlet temperature T1 of each average heat collector of described time period; Record the average described heat collector outlet temperature T2 of each described time period; According to the flow of water of the numerical computations heat collector of setting heat collector terminal temperature T3 and measurement.
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| CN201310650591.2A CN103604227B (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2013-05-03 | Solar water heater intelligently controlled according to period of time |
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| CN201310650591.2A CN103604227B (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2013-05-03 | Solar water heater intelligently controlled according to period of time |
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| CN201310159967.XA Division CN103216957B (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2013-05-03 | Intelligent control solar water heater having auxiliary heating function |
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| CN103604227B true CN103604227B (en) | 2014-12-31 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1022189A (en) * | 1964-01-23 | 1966-03-09 | Santon Ltd | Improvements relating to electric storage water heaters |
| CN201363816Y (en) * | 2009-03-02 | 2009-12-16 | 赵得全 | Solar energy hot water heating device |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU654107B2 (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1994-10-27 | Rheem Australia Pty Ltd | Hot water heaters |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1022189A (en) * | 1964-01-23 | 1966-03-09 | Santon Ltd | Improvements relating to electric storage water heaters |
| CN201363816Y (en) * | 2009-03-02 | 2009-12-16 | 赵得全 | Solar energy hot water heating device |
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Inventor after: Zhang Li Inventor after: Hao Shengang Inventor after: Liu Jinjiang Inventor after: Cheng Ning Inventor after: Jia Songhao Inventor before: Zhang Li Inventor before: Hao Shengang Inventor before: Liu Jinjiang Inventor before: Cheng Ning |
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