CN103216945B - Solar water heater with temperature control function - Google Patents
Solar water heater with temperature control function Download PDFInfo
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- CN103216945B CN103216945B CN201310159955.7A CN201310159955A CN103216945B CN 103216945 B CN103216945 B CN 103216945B CN 201310159955 A CN201310159955 A CN 201310159955A CN 103216945 B CN103216945 B CN 103216945B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
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Abstract
The invention provides a solar water heater with a temperature control function. The solar water heater comprises a central controller, a heat collector and a water tank connected with the heat collector, the water inlet of the heat collector is communicated with an external water source through a pipe, the water tank is connected with the heat collector, the water tank and the heat collector are provided with electric heating devices and temperature control devices, and therefore temperature control of the solar water heater can be achieved. According to the solar water heater, heating power can be controlled according to the water temperature, so that an inner container is prevented from being heated rapidly to expand. Meanwhile, the water temperature can be controlled according to the flow rate of water, and uniformity of heating temperature is guaranteed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the computer control field, relate in particular to a kind of solar water heater with temp. control function.
Background technology
Solar energy is as a kind of regenerative resource of cleaning, has the unrivaled non-environmental-pollution of other energy, without advantages such as potential safety hazards.Along with the growing tension of electricity consumption in all parts of the country, use gas, solar water heater more and more is subject to people's favor.Traditional solar water heater is arranged on thermal-collecting tube and water tank on the roof of building, and the heat that thermal-collecting tube absorbs the sun raises water temperature, and hot water is laid in water tank, and in the time of needs, hot water is introduced indoor, for people to use by outdoor hot-water line.In summer, because light application time is long, intensity is high, cause water temperature over-high in water tank, hot water can not directly be used, and needs to rely on hot-water line to be connected with running water pipe, is regulated the height of water temperature by mixing valve, the leaving water temperature fluctuation is large like this, usually need in use repeatedly to regulate, not only bother, and greatly reduce the comfortableness of bathing.In the winter time, especially in the north, because light application time is short, intensity is little, hot water in water tank does not often reach the temperature that people need, and the now heater work in water tank, first arrive required temperature by hot water heating, it is very inconvenient when people use in the winter time thus, easily catch a cold, not only the comfortableness of bathing is poor, but also has caused the waste of water resource.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of solar water heater temperature control system that can constant-temperature effluent.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows: a kind of solar water heater with temp. control function, comprise central controller, heat collector and the water tank be connected with heat collector, the water inlet of heat collector is communicated with external water source by pipeline, and described heat collector comprises: temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, first flow controller; Described temperature sensor is two, is separately positioned on water inlet and the delivery port of heat collector, for the temperature of the water of the water inlet of measuring heat collector and delivery port; Optical sensor is arranged on the endothermic section of heat collector, for detection of sun light intensity; Flowmeter is arranged on the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, enters the flow of the water of heat collector for measurement; The first flow controller is arranged on the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, enters the flow of the water of heat collector for control; Between described temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, first flow controller and described central controller, communication is connected; Described central controller comprises the first regulon, described the first regulon is according to the measured value of temperature sensor, optical sensor and flowmeter, produce the conditioning signal of controlling described first flow controller, to change the flow of the water that flows into described heat collector, make the fluid temperature (F.T.) in described heat collector remain unchanged;
Described water tank comprises: inner water tank, electric heater, water inlet pipe, hot water outlet pipe, temperature sensor, water level controller, second amount controller, flow sensor; Described inner bag includes four-layer structure, every adjacent two-layer fitting tightly, and ground floor from the inside to the outside is interior dope layer, and the second layer is alloy-layer, and the 3rd layer is stainless steel layer, and the 4th layer is the rustproof lacquer layer; From inside to outside, the thermal expansion coefficient of every layer raises described inner water tank gradually; One end of hot water outlet pipe and water inlet pipe is connected with inner water tank, the other end of water inlet pipe is connected with the delivery port of heat collector, between described temperature sensor, water level controller, second amount controller, flow sensor, electric heater and described central controller, communication is connected, described inner bag comprises four sidewalls and a diapire, be respectively arranged with four electric heaters on diapire and each sidewall, be respectively the first electric heater, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater, heated for the water to water heater; When starting to heat, described the first electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts heating, and the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater do not start heating; When the temperature of water reaches the first temperature, described the second electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start heating, diapire heats together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, and the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall do not start heating; When temperature reaches the second temperature, described the 3rd electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, diapire is heated water together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater, and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall does not start heating; When temperature reaches the 4th temperature, described the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, and diapire is heated water with together with described all electric heaters on each sidewall; Described temperature sensor is arranged in inner bag, and for measuring the temperature of water, described flow sensor and second amount controller are arranged on the water heater inlet tube, and described flow sensor is for measuring the flow of the water that flows into inner water tank; Described second amount controller is used for controlling the flow velocity of the water on the water inlet pipe, described water level controller is for measuring the water level of inner water tank, described central controller comprises the second regulon, described the second regulon, according to the temperature of the water of described temperature sensor measurement, produces the conditioning signal of controlling described electric heater; For the water level that guarantees inner bag keeps certain height, the flow velocity that central controller is controlled the second amount controller according to water level and the flow of measurement; For the temperature of the water that guarantees inner bag reaches predetermined temperature, central controller can and flow into the flow velocity of the flow-control second amount controller of inner bag according to the water temperature of inner bag water temperature, heat collector delivery port;
Described water tank further comprises heat-insulation layer, and heat-insulation layer has three layers, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer of heat-insulation layer raises gradually.
Temperature sensor in described water tank is a plurality of, wherein at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the hot water outlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the temperature of outlet hot water, at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the water inlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the water temperature of inlet water, wherein at least one temperature sensor is arranged on other positions of inner water tank, be used for measuring the temperature of water in inner water tank, described regulon produces by the mean value of the temperature of a plurality of temperature sensor measurements the conditioning signal of controlling described water tank.
Electric heater on each sidewall of described water tank distributes along the short transverse of inner water tank, from the inner water tank bottom, is up wherein the 4th electric heater, the second electric heater, the first electric heater, the 3rd electric heater successively; Electric heater on described each sidewall and/or diapire distributes along the height stagger arrangement of inner water tank.
Electric heater on each sidewall of described water tank linearly distributes along the height of inner water tank, on short transverse, the second electric heater and the first electric heater are the first electric heater and the 3rd electric heater distance 0.8-0.9 times, and the distance of the 4th electric heater and the second electric heater is the second electric heater and the first electric heater distance 0.7-0.75 times.
The second layer of water tank is aluminium alloy layer, and the mass percent of the component of the aluminium alloy of described aluminium alloy layer is as follows: 6.0%Cu, and 0.9%Mg, 0.6%Ag, 0.8%Mn, 0.13%Zr, 0.1%Ce, 0.10%Ti, 0.15%Si, all the other are Al.
Electric heater is comprised of electrothermal alloy, the following Ni34% of the mass percent of described electrothermal alloy; Cr18%; Al5%; C0.05%; B0.006%; Co2%; W4%; Mo4%; Ti2%; Nb0.1%; La0.2%; Ce0.2%; The Fe surplus.
The formula of flow value of unit interval that enters the water of heat collector is: Δ V=(R * A * η)/(ρ * CL * (T3-T)), the flow value that wherein Δ V is the pipeline inner fluid unit interval, R is solar radiation value, A is the effective endotherm area of heat collector, η is the heat loss factor, span is between 0.95-0.98, the density that ρ is water in pipeline, T3 is the water temperature that heat collector need to reach, the average water temperature of T heat collector, be T=(T1+T2)/2, T1, T2 are respectively the temperature of heat collector outlet and heat collector entrance, the specific heat that CL is water mean temperature in pipeline.
In described heat collector, electric heater unit is set; Described heat collector comprises three-decker, and every layer of thermal coefficient of expansion from inside to outside reduces gradually.
Described water heater also comprises solar tracking system.
In heat collector, adjust flow according to the time period, comprise the setting-up time section, record average solar irradiation value of each described time period; Record the outlet temperature T1 of each described average heat collector of time period; Record the average described heat collector outlet temperature T2 of each described time period; Flow according to the water of the numerical computations heat collector of setting heat collector terminal temperature T3 and measurement.
Compared with prior art, solar water appliance of the present invention has following advantage:
1) by the dual control to heat collector and water tank, realize the temperature constant of water outlet, for example, when the water temperature of heat collector is on the low side, by the electric calorifie installation that starts water tank, heated.
2) can, by measuring temperature and intensity of illumination, by controlling flow, realize the constant of water heater temperature;
3) by electric heater unit is set, can realize in the situation that bad weather is independently added thermal control to water heater, also can synthermal sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter realize the co-controlling to water heater temperature together with central controller.
4) can to water heater temperature, be controlled according to the time period.
5) by a plurality of electric heaters are set, when water heater has just started heating, only start one of them electric heater, thus the temperature of lifting water slowly, thus avoided the temperature of water to improve fast, avoided the quick heat expansion of inner water tank; After reaching certain water temperature, water heater inwall now heat slowly increases to a certain degree, is therefore now strengthening heating power, can't produce the speed that the heat of the water heater at heating initial stage rises, the service life of therefore having improved water heater.
6), by four sidewalls and diapire, electric heater all being set, can guarantee the even water temperature of heating;
7) electric heater is arranged on the short transverse of inner water tank, and the electric heater that will at first start heating is placed on the centre of three electric heaters, thereby reduces the electric heater that at first starts to the heat of the inner bag diapire phenomenon that rises.
8), by water level controller, flow controller, flow sensor, realize the control of the flow velocity to entering water heater.
9) by a plurality of temperature sensors are set, with water temperature that guarantee to measure accurately.
10), by the setting of electric heater spacing and heating power, realize the homogeneous heating to water.
11) reasonable distribution of the mass percent by the component to the aluminium alloy of aluminium alloy layer, improve high-fire resistance and the Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature of the alloy-layer of inner bag.
12) by the setting of the component to electrothermal alloy, make electrothermal alloy there is high non-oxidizability and resistance to corrosion.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the work schematic diagram of heat collector of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of inner water tank
Fig. 3 is the overall appearance figure of inner water tank
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of inner water tank work of the present invention
Fig. 5 is wherein a kind of distribution map of electric heater on the inner water tank sidewall
Fig. 6 is wherein another kind of distribution map of electric heater on the inner water tank sidewall
Reference numeral is as follows:
1 central controller
The Reference numeral of water tank is as follows:
The first electric heater of 2 the first side walls, the second electric heater of 3 the first side walls, the 3rd electric heater of 4 the first side walls, the 4th electric heater of 5 the first side walls, 6 water inlet pipes, 7 hot water outlet pipes, 8 temperature sensors, 9 temperature sensors, 10 temperature sensors, 11 flow sensors, 12 flow controllers, 13 inner water tanks, the 3rd electric heater of 14 diapires, the first electric heater of 15 diapires, the second electric heater of 16 diapires, the 4th electric heater of 17 diapires, the first electric heater of 18 second sidewalls, the second electric heater of 19 second sidewalls, the 3rd electric heater of 20 second sidewalls, the 4th electric heater of 21 second sidewalls, the ground floor of 22 inner bags, the second layer of 23 inner bags, the 3rd layer of 24 inner bags, the 4th layer of 25 inner bags, the shell of 26 inner bags,
The Reference numeral of the part of heat collector is as follows:
27 heat collectors, the position of the temperature sensor of 28 heat collector outlets, the position of the temperature sensor of 29 heat collector entrances, the position of 30 flowmeters, 31 electric heater units, the position of 32 flow controllers
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
Below first introduce the associated components of heat collector.
At first, please refer to Fig. 1, a kind of solar water heater, comprise heat collector 27, and the water inlet of heat collector 27 is communicated with external water source by pipeline, and water heater also comprises temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, flow controller and central controller; Described temperature sensor is two, is separately positioned on the position 29 and delivery port position 28 of water inlet of heat collector, for the temperature of the water of the water inlet of measuring heat collector and delivery port; Optical sensor is arranged on the endothermic section (Fig. 1 does not illustrate) of heat collector, for detection of sun light intensity; Flowmeter is arranged on the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, and the position of Reference numeral 30 as shown in Figure 1 enters the flow of the water of heat collector for measurement; Flow controller is arranged on the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, and the position of Reference numeral 32 as shown in Figure 1 enters the flow of the water of heat collector for control; Between described temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, flow controller and described central controller 1, communication is connected; Described central controller comprises the first regulon, described the first regulon is according to temperature sensor and optical sensor measured value, produce the conditioning signal of controlling described flowmeter, to change the flow of the water that flows into corresponding described heat collector, make the fluid temperature (F.T.) in described heat collector remain unchanged.
The delivery port of heat collector 27 is connected with the water inlet of water tank.
Described heat collector 27 comprises three-decker, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer reduces gradually.This is because in the process of thermal-arrest, the outside of heat collector first is heated, first expands, and be inwardly then the second layer, the 3rd layer of expanded by heating successively, therefore from inside to outside three layers of expansion number of times reduce successively and can guarantee that expansion rate is consistent substantially, guarantee compactness and the stability of each layer of connection.
The formula that described solar radiation value is calculated the flow value of the unit interval of water in pipeline is: Δ V=(R * A * η)/(ρ * CL * (T3-T)), the flow value that wherein Δ V is the pipeline inner fluid unit interval, R is solar radiation value, A is the effective endotherm area of heat collector, η is the heat loss factor, span is between 0.95-0.98, the density that ρ is water in pipeline, the avergae specific heat that CL is pipeline Nei Shui place temperature range, T3 is the water temperature that heat collector need to reach, the average water temperature of T heat collector, be T=(T1+T2)/2, T1, T2 is respectively the temperature of heat collector outlet and heat collector entrance.
Certainly, the mean temperature of heat collector also has many other metering systems, and for example, at a plurality of positions of heat collector set temperature sensor, the mean temperature of the water by calculating a plurality of positions is measured the water temperature of heat collector.If take this kind of mode, need to not import and export the set temperature sensor at heat collector, and need to be at the inner set temperature sensor of heat collector.
In addition, central controller 1 can independently be controlled the water temperature that electric heater unit 3 realizes that heat collector need to reach, for example at least one temperature sensor can be set in heat collector cases, control electric heater unit 31 according to the water temperature of temperature sensor measurement and heated.The mean value of the water temperature that also can measure according to heat collector water inlet and delivery port is controlled electric heater unit 31 and is heated.
Described heat collector also comprises solar tracking system, by solar tracking system, can make the real-time tracking sun of heat collector, has reached the maximum solar energy that utilizes.
The temperature of heat collector 27 is controlled and can be controlled in real time, also can be controlled according to the time period.According to the time period control in situation, need the setting-up time section, record average solar irradiation value of each described time period; Record the outlet temperature T1 of each described average heat collector of time period; Record the average described heat collector outlet temperature T2 of each described time period; Flow according to the water of the numerical computations heat collector of setting heat collector terminal temperature T3 and measurement.
Regulon changes the flow of the water that flows into corresponding described heat collector 27 by the aperture size of adjusting valve.Certainly the size of adjusting flow also has additive method, such as by control pump etc.
The structure of the water tank be connected with heat collector is as follows:
At first, please refer to Fig. 2, described water tank comprises inner water tank 13 and shell 26, the water heater bottom arranges water inlet pipe 6, one side on top is provided with hot water outlet pipe 7, the water of the heating of heat collector enters inner water tank 13 by water inlet pipe 6, then in inner water tank 13, is heated, and then by hot water outlet pipe 7, flows out.
Certainly, the water inlet pipe can also connect outside cold water simultaneously, when weather is bad, can close the water inlet be connected with heat collector, opens the connection of outside cold water, thereby realizes the independent heating of water tank.Certainly, also can heat collector the hot water of heating with outside cold water, be connected simultaneously, reached water and the outside cold water mix of heat collector, reach the demand that realizes rapidly suitable water temperature.
Fig. 3 has showed the schematic diagram of inner water tank 13.Inner water tank 13 is divided into four layers; every adjacent two-layer fitting tightly; respectively from inside to outside interior dope layer 22, alloy-layer 23, stainless steel layer 24 and rustproof lacquer layer 25; inner water tank 13 is owing to having adopted said structure; ground floor is interior dope layer; can avoid occurring corrosion; the second layer is aluminium alloy layer; make the evenly culinary art of conducting heat effective; the 3rd layer is stainless steel layer, makes the outer surface of inner bag not only attractive in appearance, can also make the heat transfer of inner bag faster; the 4th layer is the rustproof lacquer layer, can protect the copper layer to avoid producing corrosion.
Preferably, described alloy-layer is aluminium alloy layer.
Sidewall and the diapire of the inner bag 13 that Fig. 3 shows are the obtuse angle that is greater than 90 °, certainly, the sidewall of inner bag and diapire are not limited to the form of accompanying drawing, and inner bag and sidewall can be the angle of 90 °, inner bag can be cube shaped, four mutually perpendicular sidewalls and diapire, consists of.
Be not limited to the material of foregoing description for the material in inner bag 13, those skilled in the art can reasonably select, but the selection for the material of the four-layer structure of inner bag, requirement is that the thermal coefficient of expansion of four-layer structure from inside to outside increases gradually, that is to say, the thermal coefficient of expansion of innermost layer is minimum, and the second layer secondly, the 3rd layer is greater than the second layer but is less than the 4th layer, the 4th layer of maximum.Why such setting, because, in the process of heating, ground floor first is heated, first expand, therefore then be the second layer, the 3rd layer, the 4th layer expanded by heating successively, four layers of coefficient of expansion increase successively and can guarantee that expansion rate is consistent substantially, guarantee compactness and the stability of each layer of connection.
Described water tank comprises heat-insulation layer, and heat-insulation layer has three layers, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer of heat-insulation layer raises gradually.More preferably, from inside to outside, from the inner bag to the heat-insulation layer, the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer raises water tank gradually.Thereby realize guaranteeing that expansion rate is consistent substantially, guarantee compactness and the stability of each layer of connection.
As shown in Figure 4, described water tank comprises electric heater, temperature sensor, wherein hot water outlet pipe 7 is connected with inner water tank 13 with water inlet pipe 6, described temperature sensor 8-10, electric heater 2-5,14-17, between 18-21 and described central controller 1, communication is connected, and described inner bag 13 comprises four sidewalls (only having showed two sidewalls in Fig. 3) and a diapire, on diapire and each sidewall, is respectively arranged with four electric heaters.As shown in Figure 3, on the first side wall of the inner water tank of Fig. 3, be respectively the first electric heater 2, the second electric heater 3, the 3rd electric heater 4 and the 4th electric heater 5, on the second sidewall of the inner water tank of Fig. 3, be in like manner respectively the first electric heater 18, the second electric heater 19, the 3rd electric heater 20 and the 4th electric heater 21, the setting of the electric heater of two of inner water tank outer two sidewalls simultaneously is identical with arranging of the first side wall and the second sidewall, is respectively arranged with four electric heaters; Diapire at inner bag 13 is provided with four electric heaters, is respectively the 3rd electric heater 14, the first electric heater 15, the second electric heater 16 and the 4th electric heater 17, and the electric heater of above-mentioned setting is heated for the water to water heater; When starting to heat, described the first electric heater 2,18,15 (comprising the first electric heater on unshowned two sidewalls) on diapire and each sidewall starts heating, and the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater do not start heating; When the temperature of water reaches the first temperature, described the second electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start heating, diapire heats together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, and the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall do not start heating; When temperature reaches the second temperature, described the 3rd electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, diapire is heated water together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater, and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall does not start heating; When temperature reaches the 3rd temperature, described the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, and diapire is heated water with together with described all electric heaters on each sidewall; Described central controller 1 comprises the second regulon, and described the second regulon, according to the temperature of the water of described temperature sensor measurement, produces the conditioning signal of controlling described water tank.
In the process of reality heating, as long as the temperature of water is lower than the first temperature, only start the first electric heater of diapire and four sidewalls, if the temperature of water is between the first temperature and the second temperature the time, start the first electric heater and second electric heater of diapire and four sidewalls simultaneously, if the temperature of water is between the second temperature and the 3rd temperature the time, start the first electric heater of diapire and four sidewalls simultaneously, the second electric heater and the 3rd electric heater, when the temperature of water reaches or surpass the 3rd temperature, all electric heaters start and are heated simultaneously.
Certainly, those skilled in the art can set the maximum temperature that needs heating as required, and for example set temperature input control plate is controlled the temperature of heating.If need to be heated to the second temperature, the 3rd heater and the 4th heater do not need to start, and only need to get final product according to temperature actuated the first electric heater and the second electric heater.
By the electric heater in water tank is set, can realize the independent heating of water tank, also can realize the water tank auxiliary heating.On the low side when the water temperature of heat collector input, the water tank electric heater starts heating, has reached required water temperature.
Described temperature sensor is a plurality of, all is arranged in inner bag 5.As shown in Figure 3, one of them temperature sensor 8 is arranged on the hot water outlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the hot water temperature of outlet hot water, one of them temperature sensor 9 is arranged on the cold water inlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the water temperature of entrance cold water, wherein at least one temperature sensor 10 is arranged on other positions of inner water tank, is used for measuring the temperature of inner water tank 10 interior water, for example the bottom that is arranged on inner bag 5 as shown in Figure 3.Described regulon produces by the mean value of the temperature of a plurality of temperature sensor measurements the conditioning signal of controlling described electric heater.
Although the quantity of the temperature sensor in Fig. 4 is 3, in fact, the quantity of temperature sensor is not limited to 3, and for example the quantity of the sensor of water heater hot-water exit position, cold water inlet position and other positions can be more than two.By being set, a plurality of temperature sensors can increase the measurement accuracy of water temperature.
Certainly, those skilled in the art also can select temperature sensor is arranged on hot water inlet pipe and/or cooling water outlet pipe as required, with the come together mean value of computation and measurement temperature of the temperature sensor that is arranged on inner bag.
For the temperature of the water that guarantees inner bag reaches predetermined temperature, central controller can and flow into the flow velocity of the flow-control second amount controller of inner bag according to the water temperature of inner bag water temperature, heat collector delivery port.For example, the water temperature in inner bag is on the low side and water temperature heat collector is higher, and the outlet hot water that can improve heat collector flows into the speed of inner bag, otherwise, can suitably reduce the flow that flows into the water of inner bag from heat collector.Because the entrance of water tank can also connect outside cold water source (as the running water water source), if the heat collector water temperature is higher, can also reduce by the inflow velocity that strengthens outside cold water source the water temperature in water tank.
If the heat collector water temperature is also on the low side, can start the electric heating system in heat collector and/or water tank, by the electric heating system auxiliary heating, improve water temperature, if the heater water temperature is higher, the flow velocity of water inlet that can be by strengthening heater reduces temperature, also can reduce by the flow velocity that strengthens outside cold water source the water temperature of water tank, or can take heat collector and water tank simultaneously the flow velocity of entrance cold water reduce the water temperature in water tank and heat collector.
In addition, in order to control the flow velocity of outside cold water source, externally on the pipeline of cold water source, flow controller, flow sensor are set, for detection of the flow velocity on the pipeline of outside cold water source and control flow, in order to control the flow of the external water source that enters inner bag.
As shown in Figure 4, the electric heater of described the first side wall distributes along the short transverse of inner water tank, from the inner water tank bottom, is up wherein the 4th electric heater 5, the second electric heater 3, the first electric heater 2, the 3rd electric heater 4 successively.The setting of the electric heater of other sidewalls is identical with arranging of the first side wall.
Electric heater on described each sidewall linearly distributes along the height of inner water tank, on short transverse, the second electric heater 3 and the first electric heater 2 are the first electric heater 2 and the 3rd electric heater 4 distances 0.8-0.9 times, and the distance of the 4th electric heater 5 and the second electric heater 3 is the second electric heater 3 and the first electric heater 2 distances 0.7-0.75 times.The setting of the electric heater of other sidewalls is identical with arranging of the first side wall.
The power of the 4th electric heater 5 is greater than the power of the 3rd electric heater 4, and the power of the 3rd electric heater 4 is greater than the power of the second electric heater 3, and the power of the second electric heater 3 is greater than the power of the first electric heater 2.The setting of the electric heater of other sidewalls is identical with arranging of the first side wall.
Described cold water inlet 6 is arranged near the position that the diapire on diapire is connected with sidewall, and the electric heater of diapire is being distributed as from the close-by examples to those far off apart from water inlet pipe 6 distances: the 4th electric heater 17, the second electric heater 16, the first electric heater 15 and the 3rd electric heater 14.
Diapire is upper, and the power of the 4th electric heater 17 is greater than the power of the 3rd electric heater 14, and the power of the 3rd electric heater 14 is greater than the power of the second electric heater 16, and the power of the second electric heater 16 is greater than the power of the first electric heater 15.
By above-mentioned position and the setting of power, can improve the harmony of the heating of water, guarantee the uniformity that each wall surface temperature promotes.
Described water tank also comprises water level controller (Fig. 3 is not shown) flow controller 12, flow sensor 11, water level controller, flow controller 12, flow sensor 11 are connected with central controller 1 communication, flow sensor 11 and flow controller 12 are arranged on water heater inlet tube 6, and described flow sensor 11 is for measuring the flow of the water that flows into inner water tank 5; Described flow controller 12 is used for controlling the flow velocity of the water on water heater inlet tube 6, described water level controller is for measuring the water level of inner water tank, and measurement result is passed to central controller 1, the flow velocity that central controller 1 is controlled flow controller 12 according to water level and the flow of measurement, central controller 1 can also be according to the flow velocity of water temperature and flow-control flow controller 12.For example, if the water temperature in water tank has surpassed user's demand, by being set, the flow that increases water reducing water temperature, in like manner, if the water temperature in water tank, lower than user's demand, can guarantee by the flow that reduces water the Fast Heating of water.User's demand can be arranged by the user interface (not shown).If water level descends, by controls, increase the flow that flow velocity increases the water that enters inner bag, if water level is too high, by reduction or stop the discharge that the flow velocity of water reduces or avoid entering interior road.
As Fig. 5 has showed the height stagger arrangement distribution of the electric heater of the first side wall along inner water tank.Certainly the electric heater on each sidewall and diapire can adopt stagger arrangement as shown in Figure 4 to distribute,
Electric heater on described each sidewall linearly distributes along the height of inner water tank, and as shown in Figure 5, the angle of the center line of described straight line and sidewall is 30-45 ° (two dotted line angulations shown in Fig. 5).Certainly the electric heater on diapire can adopt stagger arrangement as shown in Figure 5 to distribute.
Arrange by above-mentioned electric heater position, can improve the harmony of the heating of water, guarantee the uniformity that each wall surface temperature promotes.
In actual applications, the anti-device that dryouies can also be set, all be immersed in water to guarantee the electric heater heated.If electric heater is not immersed in water, electric heater stops heating automatically, prevents dry combustion method.While Deng the water level rising, flooding electric heater, heated again.
The mass percent of the component of the aluminium alloy of aluminium alloy layer is as follows: 6.0%Cu, and 0.9%Mg, 0.6%Ag, 0.8%Mn, 0.13%Zr, 0.1%Ce, 0.10%Ti, 0.15%Si, all the other are Al.
The manufacture method of aluminium alloy is: adopt vacuum metallurgy melting argon for protecting pouring to become the circle base to process through 600 ℃ of homogenising, at 400 ℃, adopt and be hot extruded into bar, and then, after 580 ℃ of solution hardening, at 200 ℃, carry out the artificial aging processing.The tensile strength sigma b of alloy: room temperature >=550MPa, 200 ℃ >=440MPa, 300 ℃ >=-230MPa.
Electric heater is comprised of electrothermal alloy, the following Ni34% of the mass percent of described electrothermal alloy; Cr18%; Al5%; C0.05%; B0.006%; Co2%; W4%; Mo4%; Ti2%; Nb0.1%; La0.2%; Ce0.2%; The Fe surplus.
The manufacture method of electrothermal alloy is: by the composition smelting and pouring according to electrothermal alloy in vaccum sensitive stove, become ingot, then at 1200 ℃-900 ℃, the alloy pig forge hot is become to bar, be rolled into the dish material at 1200 ℃-900 ℃, then become the silk material of different size in the room temperature cold-drawn.
Be the Cr20Ni80 alloy in order to replace widely used NiCr, and manufactured electrothermal alloy cheaply, the non-oxidizability of alloy and Cr20Ni80 contrast are as follows:
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, the present invention not is defined in this.Any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all can make various changes or modifications, so protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the claim limited range.
Claims (1)
1. the solar water heater with temp. control function, comprise that central controller, heat collector and the water tank be connected with heat collector, the water inlet of heat collector are communicated with external water source by pipeline, it is characterized in that,
Described heat collector comprises: temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, first flow controller; Described temperature sensor is two, is separately positioned on water inlet and the delivery port of heat collector, for the temperature of the water of the water inlet of measuring heat collector and delivery port; Optical sensor is arranged on the endothermic section of heat collector, for detection of sun light intensity; Flowmeter is arranged on the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, enters the flow of the water of heat collector for measurement; The first flow controller is arranged on the connecting pipe of water inlet and external water source, enters the flow of the water of heat collector for control; Between described temperature sensor, optical sensor, flowmeter, first flow controller and described central controller, communication is connected; Described central controller comprises the first regulon, described the first regulon is according to the measured value of temperature sensor, optical sensor and flowmeter, produce the conditioning signal of controlling described first flow controller, to change the flow of the water that flows into described heat collector, make the fluid temperature (F.T.) in described heat collector remain unchanged;
Described water tank comprises: inner water tank, electric heater, water inlet pipe, hot water outlet pipe, temperature sensor, water level controller, second amount controller, flow sensor; Described inner bag includes four-layer structure, every adjacent two-layer fitting tightly, and ground floor from the inside to the outside is interior dope layer, and the second layer is alloy-layer, and the 3rd layer is stainless steel layer, and the 4th layer is the rustproof lacquer layer; From inside to outside, it is large that the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer becomes described inner water tank successively; One end of hot water outlet pipe and water inlet pipe is connected with inner water tank, the other end of water inlet pipe is connected with the delivery port of heat collector, between described temperature sensor, water level controller, second amount controller, flow sensor, electric heater and described central controller, communication is connected, described inner bag comprises four sidewalls and a diapire, be provided with four electric heaters on diapire and upper each of each sidewall, be respectively the first electric heater, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater, heated for the water to water tank; When starting to heat, described the first electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts heating, and the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater do not start heating; When the temperature of water reaches the first temperature, described the second electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start heating, diapire heats together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, and the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall do not start heating; When temperature reaches the second temperature, described the 3rd electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, diapire is heated water together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater, and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall does not start heating; When temperature reaches the 4th temperature, described the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, and diapire is heated water with together with described all electric heaters on each sidewall; Described temperature sensor is arranged in inner bag, and for measuring the temperature of water, described flow sensor and second amount controller are arranged on the water inlet pipe, and described flow sensor is for measuring the flow of the water that flows into inner water tank; Described second amount controller is used for controlling the flow velocity of the water on the water inlet pipe, described water level controller is for measuring the water level of inner water tank, described central controller comprises the second regulon, described the second regulon, according to the temperature of the water of described temperature sensor measurement, produces the conditioning signal of controlling described electric heater; For the water level that guarantees inner bag keeps certain height, the flow velocity that central controller is controlled the second amount controller according to inner bag water level and the flow of measurement; For the temperature of the water that guarantees inner bag reaches predetermined temperature, central controller can and flow into the flow velocity of the flow-control second amount controller of inner bag according to the water temperature of inner bag water temperature, heat collector delivery port;
Described water tank further comprises heat-insulation layer, and heat-insulation layer has three layers, and from inside to outside the thermal coefficient of expansion of every layer of heat-insulation layer becomes large successively;
Temperature sensor in described water tank is a plurality of, wherein at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the hot water outlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the temperature of outlet hot water, at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the water inlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the water temperature of inlet water, wherein at least one temperature sensor is arranged on other positions of inner water tank, be used for measuring the temperature of water in inner water tank, described the second regulon produces by the mean value of the temperature of a plurality of temperature sensor measurements in water tank the conditioning signal of controlling described water tank.
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| CN201310440081.2A Division CN103512208B (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2013-05-03 | Automatic temperature-control solar water heater reducing thermal expansion |
| CN201310437629.8A Division CN103453668B (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2013-05-03 | Solar water heater with multiple temperature sensors |
| CN201310440077.6A Division CN103512207B (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2013-05-03 | Solar water heater with flow control function |
| CN201310440388.2A Division CN103512209B (en) | 2013-05-03 | 2013-05-03 | Solar water heater with water level control function |
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| CN103216945B true CN103216945B (en) | 2014-01-01 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103216957B (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2014-04-09 | 南阳师范学院 | Intelligent control solar water heater having auxiliary heating function |
| CN103542555B (en) * | 2013-05-03 | 2014-08-13 | 南阳师范学院 | Solar water heater with electric heaters of different powers |
| CN103673695B (en) * | 2013-12-25 | 2014-11-05 | 山东大学 | Plate heat exchanger and method for calculating criterion numeral of plate heat exchanger |
| CN103983027B (en) * | 2014-04-29 | 2016-06-22 | 张嵩伟 | Solar water heater electric heating control device |
| CN105444440B (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2017-07-11 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of method that multi parameter intallingent controls solar energy system water temperature |
| CN105444441B (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2017-04-12 | 山东理工大学 | Intelligent control solar thermal collector system capable of keeping output temperature of water tank constant |
| CN107940777A (en) * | 2017-11-06 | 2018-04-20 | 江苏鑫上电子科技有限公司 | A kind of new solar heat water fast heat apparatus |
| CN108407722A (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2018-08-17 | 斑马网络技术有限公司 | The temperature control method of intelligent back vision mirror, device and system |
| CN110657586A (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2020-01-07 | 摩瑞尔电器（昆山）有限公司 | Solar water heating device and using method thereof |
| CN109974311B (en) * | 2019-03-23 | 2020-07-03 | 山东建筑大学 | Solar energy leakage detection system |
| CN110486950A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-11-22 | 内蒙古航天金岗重工有限公司 | A kind of electric-heating control system and method |
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| GB1022189A (en) * | 1964-01-23 | 1966-03-09 | Santon Ltd | Improvements relating to electric storage water heaters |
| AU654107B2 (en) * | 1989-04-19 | 1994-10-27 | Rheem Australia Pty Ltd | Hot water heaters |
| CN2687566Y (en) * | 2004-03-08 | 2005-03-23 | 李凯峰 | Boiling-hot water device for stepped heating |
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