Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of electric heater of automatic conversion heating power, thereby effectively reduces the rapid expanding of inner bag, has guaranteed the timely supply of hot water.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows, a kind of electric heater of automatic conversion heating power, described electric heater comprises water heater liner, electric heater, the cold water inlet pipe, the hot water outlet pipe, temperature sensor and central controller, described inner bag includes four-layer structure, every adjacent two-layer fitting tightly, ground floor from the inside to the outside is interior dope layer, the second layer is aluminium alloy layer, the 3rd layer is stainless steel layer, the 4th layer is the rustproof lacquer layer, the hot water outlet pipe is connected with water heater liner with the cold water inlet pipe, it is characterized in that, described temperature sensor, between electric heater and described central controller, communication is connected, described inner bag comprises four sidewalls and a diapire, be respectively arranged with four electric heaters on diapire and each sidewall, it is respectively the first electric heater, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater, for the water to water heater, heated, when starting to heat, described the first electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts heating, and the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater do not start heating, when the temperature of water reaches the first temperature, described the second electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start heating, diapire heats together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, and the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall do not start heating, when temperature reaches the second temperature, described the 3rd electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, diapire is heated water together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater, and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall does not start heating, when temperature reaches the 4th temperature, described the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, and diapire is heated water with together with described all electric heaters on each sidewall, described central controller comprises regulon, and described regulon, according to the temperature of the water of described temperature sensor measurement, produces the conditioning signal of controlling described electric heater.
Described temperature sensor is a plurality of, wherein at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the hot water outlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the temperature of outlet hot water, at least one temperature sensor is arranged on the cold water inlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the water temperature of entrance cold water, wherein at least one temperature sensor is arranged on other positions of water heater liner, be used for measuring the temperature of water in water heater liner, described regulon produces by the mean value of the temperature of a plurality of temperature sensor measurements the conditioning signal of controlling described electric heater.
Electric heater on described each sidewall distributes along the short transverse of water heater liner, from the water heater liner bottom, is up wherein the 4th electric heater, the second electric heater, the first electric heater, the 3rd electric heater successively.
Described each sidewall and/or on electric heater along the height stagger arrangement of water heater liner, distribute.
Electric heater on described each sidewall linearly distributes along the height of water heater liner, on short transverse, the second electric heater and the first electric heater are the first electric heater and the 3rd electric heater distance 0.8-0.9 times, and the distance of the 4th electric heater and the second electric heater is the second electric heater and the first electric heater distance 0.7-0.75 times.
Electric heater on described each sidewall linearly distributes along the height of water heater liner, and the angle of the center line of described straight line and sidewall is 30-45 °.
Described cold water inlet pipe is arranged near the position that the diapire on diapire is connected with sidewall, and the electric heater of diapire is being distributed as from the close-by examples to those far off apart from cold water inlet pipe distance: the 4th electric heater, the second electric heater, the first electric heater and the 3rd electric heater.
The mass percent of the component of the aluminium alloy of aluminium alloy layer is as follows: 6.0%Cu, and 0.9%Mg, 0.6%Ag, 0.8%Mn, 0.13%Zr, 0.1%Ce, 0.10%Ti, 0.15%Si, all the other are Al.
The power of the 4th electric heater on each sidewall and/or diapire is greater than the power of the 3rd electric heater, and the power of the 3rd electric heater is greater than the power of the second electric heater, and the power of the second electric heater is greater than the power of the first electric heater.
Described electric heater also comprises water level controller, flow controller, flow sensor, water level controller, flow controller, flow sensor are connected with the central controller communication, flow sensor and flow controller are arranged on the water heater inlet tube, and described flow sensor is for measuring the flow of the water that flows into water heater liner; Described flow controller is used for controlling the flow velocity of the water on the water heater inlet tube, described water level controller is for measuring the water level of water heater liner, and measurement result is passed to central controller, the flow velocity that central controller is controlled flow controller according to water level and the flow of measurement.
Flow controller is valve or pump.
Described the first temperature is 50 degrees centigrade, and the second temperature is 60 degrees centigrade, and the 3rd temperature is 75 degrees centigrade.
Electric heater is comprised of electrothermal alloy, the following Ni34% of the mass percent of described electrothermal alloy; Cr18%; Al5%; C0.05%; B0.006%; Co2%; W4%; Mo4%; Ti2%; Nb0.1%; La0.2%; Ce0.2%; The Fe surplus.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has advantages of as follows:
1) by a plurality of electric heaters are set, when water heater has just started heating, only start one of them electric heater, thus the temperature of lifting water slowly, thus avoided the temperature of water to improve fast, avoided the quick heat expansion of water heater liner; After reaching certain water temperature, water heater inwall now heat slowly increases to a certain degree, is therefore now strengthening heating power, can't produce the speed that the heat of the water heater at heating initial stage rises, the service life of therefore having improved water heater.
2), by four sidewalls and diapire, electric heater all being set, can guarantee the even water temperature of heating;
3) electric heater is arranged on the short transverse of water heater liner, and the electric heater that will at first start heating is placed on the centre of three electric heaters, thereby reduces the electric heater that at first starts to the heat of the inner bag diapire phenomenon that rises.
4), by water level controller, flow controller, flow sensor, realize the control of the flow velocity to entering water heater.
5) by a plurality of temperature sensors are set, with water temperature that guarantee to measure accurately.
6), by the setting of electric heater spacing and heating power, realize the homogeneous heating to water.
7) reasonable distribution of the mass percent by the component to the aluminium alloy of aluminium alloy layer, improve high-fire resistance and the Testing Tensile Strength at Elevated Temperature of the alloy-layer of inner bag.
8) by the setting of the component to electrothermal alloy, make electrothermal alloy there is high non-oxidizability and resistance to corrosion.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in detail.
At first, please refer to Fig. 1, a kind of electric heater of automatic conversion heating power, described electric heater comprises water heater liner 13 and shell 26, the water heater bottom arranges cold water inlet pipe 6, and a side on top is provided with hot water outlet pipe 7, and cold water enters water heater liner 13 by cold water inlet pipe 6, then heated in water heater liner 13, then flowed out by hot water outlet pipe 7.
Fig. 2 has showed the schematic diagram of water heater liner 13.Water heater liner 13 is divided into four layers; every adjacent two-layer fitting tightly; respectively from inside to outside interior dope layer 22, aluminium alloy layer 23, stainless steel layer 24 and rustproof lacquer layer 25; water heater liner 13 is owing to having adopted said structure; ground floor is interior dope layer; can avoid occurring corrosion; the second layer is aluminium alloy layer; make the evenly culinary art of conducting heat effective; the 3rd layer is stainless steel layer, makes the outer surface of inner bag not only attractive in appearance, can also make the heat transfer of inner bag faster; the 4th layer is the rustproof lacquer layer, can protect the copper layer to avoid producing corrosion.
Sidewall and the diapire of the inner bag 13 that Fig. 2 shows are the obtuse angle that is greater than 90 °, certainly, the sidewall of inner bag and diapire are not limited to the form of accompanying drawing, and inner bag and sidewall can be the angle of 90 °, inner bag can be cube shaped, four mutually perpendicular sidewalls and diapire, consists of.
Be not limited to the material of foregoing description for the material in inner bag 13, those skilled in the art can reasonably select, but the selection for the material of the four-layer structure of inner bag, requirement is that the thermal coefficient of expansion of four-layer structure from inside to outside increases gradually, that is to say, the thermal coefficient of expansion of innermost layer is minimum, and the second layer secondly, the 3rd layer is greater than the second layer but is less than the 4th layer, the 4th layer of maximum.Why such setting, because, in the process of heating, ground floor first is heated, first expand, therefore then be the second layer, the 3rd layer, the 4th layer expanded by heating successively, four layers of expansion number of times increase successively and can guarantee that expansion rate is consistent substantially, guarantee compactness and the stability of each layer of connection.
As shown in Figure 3, described electric heater comprises electric heater, temperature sensor and central controller 1, wherein hot water outlet pipe 7 is connected described temperature sensor 8-10, electric heater 2-5 with water heater liner 13 with cold water inlet pipe 6,14-17, between 18-21 and described central controller 1, communication is connected, described inner bag 13 comprises four sidewalls (only having showed two sidewalls in Fig. 3) and a diapire, on diapire and each sidewall, is respectively arranged with four electric heaters.As shown in Figure 3, on the first side wall of the water heater liner of Fig. 3, be respectively the first electric heater 2, the second electric heater 3, the 3rd electric heater 4 and the 4th electric heater 5, on the second sidewall of the water heater liner of Fig. 3, be in like manner respectively the first electric heater 18, the second electric heater 19, the 3rd electric heater 20 and the 4th electric heater 21, the setting of the electric heater of two of water heater liner outer two sidewalls simultaneously is identical with arranging of the first side wall and the second sidewall, is respectively arranged with four electric heaters; Diapire at inner bag 13 is provided with four electric heaters, is respectively the 3rd electric heater 14, the first electric heater 15, the second electric heater 16 and the 4th electric heater 17, and the electric heater of above-mentioned setting is heated for the water to water heater; When starting to heat, described the first electric heater 2,18,15 (comprising the first electric heater on unshowned two sidewalls) on diapire and each sidewall starts heating, and the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater do not start heating; When the temperature of water reaches the first temperature, described the second electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start heating, diapire heats together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, and the 3rd electric heater and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall do not start heating; When temperature reaches the second temperature, described the 3rd electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, diapire is heated water together with described the first electric heater on each sidewall, the second electric heater, the 3rd electric heater, and the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall does not start heating; When temperature reaches the 3rd temperature, described the 4th electric heater on diapire and each sidewall starts to start, and diapire is heated water with together with described all electric heaters on each sidewall; Described central controller 1 comprises regulon, and described regulon, according to the temperature of the water of described temperature sensor measurement, produces the conditioning signal of controlling described electric heater.
In the process of reality heating, as long as the temperature of water is lower than the first temperature, only start the first electric heater of diapire and four sidewalls, if the temperature of water is between the first temperature and the second temperature the time, start the first electric heater and second electric heater of diapire and four sidewalls simultaneously, if the temperature of water is between the second temperature and the 3rd temperature the time, start the first electric heater of diapire and four sidewalls simultaneously, the second electric heater and the 3rd electric heater, when the temperature of water reaches or surpass the 3rd temperature, all electric heaters start and are heated simultaneously.
Described temperature sensor is a plurality of, all is arranged in inner bag 5.As shown in Figure 3, one of them temperature sensor 8 is arranged on the hot water outlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the hot water temperature of outlet hot water, one of them temperature sensor 9 is arranged on the cold water inlet position of inner bag, be used for measuring the water temperature of entrance cold water, wherein at least one temperature sensor 10 is arranged on other positions of water heater liner, is used for measuring the temperature of water heater liner 10 interior water, for example the bottom that is arranged on inner bag 5 as shown in Figure 3.Described regulon produces by the mean value of the temperature of a plurality of temperature sensor measurements the conditioning signal of controlling described electric heater.
Although the quantity of the temperature sensor in Fig. 3 is 3, in fact, the quantity of temperature sensor is not limited to 3, and for example the quantity of the sensor of water heater hot-water exit position, cold water inlet position and other positions can be more than two.By being set, a plurality of temperature sensors can increase the measurement accuracy of water temperature.
Certainly, those skilled in the art also can select temperature sensor is arranged on hot water inlet pipe and/or cooling water outlet pipe as required, with the come together mean value of computation and measurement temperature of the temperature sensor that is arranged on inner bag.
As shown in Figure 3, the electric heater of described the first side wall distributes along the short transverse of water heater liner, from the water heater liner bottom, is up wherein the 4th electric heater 5, the second electric heater 3, the first electric heater 2, the 3rd electric heater 4 successively.The setting of the electric heater of other sidewalls is identical with arranging of the first side wall.
Electric heater on described each sidewall linearly distributes along the height of water heater liner, on short transverse, the second electric heater 3 and the first electric heater 2 are the first electric heater 2 and the 3rd electric heater 4 distances 0.8-0.9 times, and the distance of the 4th electric heater 5 and the second electric heater 3 is the second electric heater 3 and the first electric heater 2 distances 0.7-0.75 times.The setting of the electric heater of other sidewalls is identical with arranging of the first side wall.
The power of the 4th electric heater 5 is greater than the power of the 3rd electric heater 4, and the power of the 3rd electric heater 4 is greater than the power of the second electric heater 3, and the power of the second electric heater 3 is greater than the power of the first electric heater 2.The setting of the electric heater of other sidewalls is identical with arranging of the first side wall.
Described cold water inlet 6 is arranged near the position that the diapire on diapire is connected with sidewall, and the electric heater of diapire is being distributed as from the close-by examples to those far off apart from cold water inlet pipe 6 distances: the 4th electric heater 17, the second electric heater 16, the first electric heater 15 and the 3rd electric heater 14.
Diapire is upper, and the power of the 4th electric heater 17 is greater than the power of the 3rd electric heater 14, and the power of the 3rd electric heater 14 is greater than the power of the second electric heater 16, and the power of the second electric heater 16 is greater than the power of the first electric heater 15.
By above-mentioned position and the setting of power, can improve the harmony of the heating of water, guarantee the uniformity that each wall surface temperature promotes.
Described electric heater also comprises water level controller (Fig. 3 is not shown), flow controller 12, flow sensor 11, water level controller, flow controller 12, flow sensor 11 are connected with central controller 1 communication, flow sensor 11 and flow controller 12 are arranged on water heater inlet tube 6, and described flow sensor 11 is for measuring the flow of the water that flows into water heater liner 5; Described flow controller 12 is used for controlling the flow velocity of the water on water heater inlet tube 6, described water level controller is for measuring the water level of water heater liner, and measurement result is passed to central controller 1, the flow velocity that central controller 1 is controlled flow controller 12 according to water level and the flow of measurement, central controller 1 can also be according to the flow velocity of water temperature and flow-control flow controller 12.For example, if the water temperature in water tank has surpassed user's demand, by being set, the flow that increases water reducing water temperature, in like manner, if the water temperature in water tank, lower than user's demand, can guarantee by the flow that reduces water the Fast Heating of water.User's demand can be arranged by the user interface (not shown).If water level descends, by controls, increase the flow that flow velocity increases the water that enters inner bag, if water level is too high, by reduction or stop the discharge that the flow velocity of water reduces or avoid entering interior road.
As Fig. 4 has showed the height stagger arrangement distribution of the electric heater of the first side wall along water heater liner.Certainly the electric heater on each sidewall and diapire can adopt stagger arrangement as shown in Figure 4 to distribute,
Electric heater on described each sidewall linearly distributes along the height of water heater liner, and as shown in Figure 5, the angle of the center line of described straight line and sidewall is 30-45 ° (two dotted line angulations shown in Fig. 5).Certainly the electric heater on diapire can adopt stagger arrangement as shown in Figure 5 to distribute.
Arrange by above-mentioned electric heater position, can improve the harmony of the heating of water, guarantee the uniformity that each wall surface temperature promotes.
In actual applications, the anti-device that dryouies can also be set, all be immersed in water to guarantee the electric heater heated.If electric heater is not immersed in water, electric heater stops heating automatically, prevents dry combustion method.While Deng the water level rising, flooding electric heater, heated again.
The mass percent of the component of the aluminium alloy of aluminium alloy layer is as follows: 6.0%Cu, and 0.9%Mg, 0.6%Ag, 0.8%Mn, 0.13%Zr, 0.1%Ce, 0.10%Ti, 0.15%Si, all the other are Al.
The manufacture method of aluminium alloy is: adopt the vacuum metallurgy melting, argon for protecting pouring becomes the circle base, through 600 ℃ of homogenising, processes, and at 400 ℃, adopts and is hot extruded into bar, and then, after 580 ℃ of solution hardening, at 200 ℃, carry out the artificial aging processing.The tensile strength sigma b of alloy: room temperature >=550MPa, 200 ℃ >=440MPa, 300 ℃ >=-230MPa.
Electric heater is comprised of electrothermal alloy, the following Ni34% of the mass percent of described electrothermal alloy; Cr18%; Al5%; C0.05%; B0.006%; Co2%; W4%; Mo4%; Ti2%; Nb0.1%; La0.2%; Ce0.2%; The Fe surplus.
The manufacture method of electrothermal alloy is: by the composition smelting and pouring according to electrothermal alloy in vaccum sensitive stove, become ingot, then at 1200 ℃-900 ℃, the alloy pig forge hot is become to bar, be rolled into the dish material at 1200 ℃-900 ℃, then become the silk material of different size in the room temperature cold-drawn.
Be the Cr20Ni80 alloy in order to replace widely used NiCr, and manufactured electrothermal alloy cheaply, the non-oxidizability of alloy and Cr20Ni80 contrast are as follows:
Although the present invention discloses as above with preferred embodiment, the present invention not is defined in this.Any those skilled in the art, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, all can make various changes or modifications, so protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the claim limited range.