CN103592992A - System and method for rapid optimizing of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under shadow condition - Google Patents
System and method for rapid optimizing of maximum power point of photovoltaic array under shadow condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system for rapid optimizing of a maximum power point of a photovoltaic array under the shadow condition. The system for the rapid optimizing of the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array under the shadow condition is characterized in that the system comprises a photovoltaic cell set and an MPPT controller. The method for the rapid optimizing of the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array under the shadow condition comprises the steps of (1) preparation of data, (2) initialization of a program, (3) judgment of shadow covering, (4) adjustment of a duty ratio, and (5) searching of a maximum power point. The system and method for the rapid optimizing of the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array under the shadow condition have the advantages that the voltage of a position with the maximum power in the whole area can be found rapidly, the searching speed can be increased, searching accuracy can be improved, and the rapid optimizing of the maximum power point of the photovoltaic array under the shadow condition can be achieved without the need of extra arrangement of components.
Description
(1) technical field:
The invention belongs to photovoltaic power generation technology field, particularly proposed the quick optimizing system and method for photovoltaic array maximum power point under a kind of shade condition.
(2) background technology:
Solar electrical energy generation is as a kind of emerging green energy resource, with never exhausted, pollution-free, be not subject to the advantages such as regional limits, applied just rapidly.Solar photovoltaic generation system utilizes one or more photovoltaic module series/parallel to convert solar energy into direct current energy, then is converted into various forms of electric energy for load through converters.Yet photovoltaic array is easily subject to the impact of the shade (local shade) of the generations such as Adjacent Buildings, trees, cloud layer and photovoltaic panel surface dirt, the output characteristics of photovoltaic array is changed, P-V curve is no longer simple unimodal curve, but contains a plurality of local peak-peaks.The output characteristic curve of multimodal.Cause on the one hand the output power of photovoltaic array integral body to reduce, on the other hand MPPT maximum power point tracking is controlled to produce and disturb, make general conventional maximal power tracing (MPPT) algorithm, as disturbance observation, incremental conductance method etc. will likely lose efficacy in this case, working point is converged on certain power extreme point, rather than the maximum point of power, thereby the energy of photovoltaic array is not fully utilized, system effectiveness will reduce greatly.And on photovoltaic panel, occurring that partial occlusion problem is, battery performance reduces, and also can cause mismatch problem.
(3) summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is to the problem and shortage for above-mentioned existing existence, the quick optimizing system and method for photovoltaic array maximum power point under a kind of shade condition is provided, be can peak power optimizing under a kind of shading condition photovoltaic module, this will significantly provide the maximum power output of photovoltaic module, improves the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic parallel in system.
Technical scheme of the present invention: the quick optimizing system of photovoltaic array maximum power point under a kind of shade condition, is characterized in that it comprises photovoltaic cell group and MPPT controller; Wherein, described MPPT controller comprises A/D modular converter, A/D control module, optimizing MPPT module, PWM module, bridge-drive module and DC/DC module; Described A/D modular converter input end gathers the voltage and current data of photovoltaic cell component, and its output terminal connects the input end of A/D control module; The input end of described MPPT module connects the output terminal of A/D control module, and its output terminal is connected with the input end of PWM module; The input end of described bridge-drive module connects the output terminal of PWM module, and its output terminal connects the DC/DC module of output voltage signal.
Described A/D modular converter is 8 ADC analog/digital converter chips.
Described DC/DC module is traditional BOOST circuit.
Described PWM modular belt driving circuit, and driving circuit consists of SG3524 chip.
A method of work for the quick optimizing system of photovoltaic array maximum power point under shade condition, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1. data are prepared: the open-circuit voltage U of storage photovoltaic battery panel in the situation that shadow-free covers
oCAwith short-circuit current I
sCA, above data also can inquire from photovoltaic battery panel service manual, and calculate the slope of open-circuit voltage on short-circuit current ratio, are designated as k
a;
2. when program initialization, set converter current dutycycle D, by A/D modular converter, gather the maximum power point operating voltage U of photovoltaic array when the homogeneous illumination shadow-free
max, working current I
max; Gather the voltage and current U (k) of current photovoltaic array, I (k), calculates Δ I=|I
max-I (k) |; Set and detect photovoltaic array current break threshold k 1, if Δ I < is K
1, photovoltaic array does not receive that shade covers, and adopts classic method to find maximum power point; If Δ I > is K
1, there is shade and covered situation;
3. when generation shade covers situation, calculate the first auxiliary judgment voltage
i wherein
srepresent as solar cell working point voltage U=U
maxtime corresponding work S electricity CA stream; According to similar triangles rule, can show that the voltage of photovoltaic panel maximum power point when shade covers must be between Us1 and U
maxbetween;
4. adjust converter circuit duty cycle of switching, make photovoltaic array operating voltage move closer to Us1, work as I
s2=I (k+1)=U (k+1) * k
a=0 o'clock, note U
s2=U (k+1), wherein Us2 is the second auxiliary judgment voltage, U
n+1for present operating point voltage;
5. adjust dutycycle until while finding Us2, the power points Pk=Uk*Ik of maximum when recording voltage changes; Under shade condition, the influence factor that affects cell panel power stage mainly contains shade distribution area, dash area light intensity magnitude and shade arrangement mode; Can by shadow factor, carry out the average influence of average above-mentioned three conditions, establish shadow factor and be
if m>1, can judge that the voltage at photovoltaic panel maximum power point place when shade covers must be between Us2 and U
maxbetween, otherwise the voltage at battery maximum power point place must be between Us1 and Us2;
If 6. shadow factor m>1, from U=U (k), adopt conductance increment method to find maximum power point, if m<1, continue to regulate dutycycle, operating voltage is moved towards Us1, if judgement Δ I > K1 meets this condition, continue to adjust dutycycle and make Uk approach Us1; If do not meet, from current working point U=Uk, can adopt conductance increment method to find maximum power point, last, definite Uk assignment of having chosen is carried out to next step calculating to U*;
7. using the initial value of U* as variable step conductance increment method, step-length with Δ U=0.1V-0.5V is carried out disturbance to U*, measure the output current I (k) of cell panel, calculate dU=U (k)-U (k-1), dI=I (k)-I (k-1), dP=U (k) * I (k)-U (k-1) * I (k-1);
If the dU that 8. 7. step calculates is 0, can judge the positive and negative of dI, if dI is greater than 0, voltage increases Δ U, otherwise reduces Δ U; If dU is not 0, judge the positive and negative of dI/dU+I/U, if dI/dU+I/U is greater than zero, voltage increases (dP/dU) * Δ U, otherwise reduces (dP/dU) * Δ U.
Shadow-free the cover condition of described step in is 1. that light intensity is 1000W/m
2, temperature is the environment under 25 degrees celsius.
Principle of work of the present invention: adopting variable step conductance increment method is in order to accelerate the tracking speed of conductance increment method, before giving step delta U, add a coefficient d P/dU, its mechanism of action is when away from maximum power point, and dP/dU is larger for P-V rate of curve, step-length is also larger, and search speed is faster; Close along with maximum power point, P-V slope of a curve dP/dU reduces, and step-length also reduces gradually, and search precision is higher.
The present invention carries the photovoltaic module of MPPT controller, comprises 8 ADC chips, A/D control module, optimizing MPPT module, PWM module, bridge-drive module and DC/DC module; The input end of described 8 ADC chips gathers the voltage and current value of photovoltaic cell group; Described A/D control module is controlled the sampling of 8 ADC chips to described voltage and current data, and the voltage and current value that sampling is obtained is input in optimizing MPPT module; When nothing is shaded, described optimizing MPPT module is calculated the voltage and current value of input, adopts traditional incremental conductance method to track the magnitude of voltage of power maximum point, and then controls PWM output waveform dutycycle in PWM module.There is while shading, described optimizing MPPT module regulates dutycycle by controlling PWM, block sampling output voltage, and search out approximate global maximum power point, then at this electrical voltage point place, adopt again incremental conductance method to track the magnitude of voltage of power maximum point, make assembly operating in maximum power point place.Described PWM module is by the ON time of the switch in bridge-drive module controls DC/DC module, thus the step-up ratio of adjustment DC/DC.
Superiority of the present invention is: by improved peak power optimization method, can find rapidly the voltage at global maximum power place, adopt this voltage can accelerate search speed and precision as the variable step conductance increment method of initial value, without adding in addition the quick optimizing of maximum power point that assembly can be realized photovoltaic array under shade condition; A/D modular converter is 8 ADC analog/digital converter chips; The collection of realization to solar cell panel voltages and current data.
(4) accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is the one-piece construction block diagram of the quick optimizing system of photovoltaic array maximum power point under the related a kind of shade condition of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the principle process structural drawing of the quick optimizing system work process of photovoltaic array maximum power point under the related a kind of shade condition of the present invention.
(5) embodiment:
Embodiment: the quick optimizing system of photovoltaic array maximum power point (see figure 1) under a kind of shade condition, is characterized in that it comprises photovoltaic cell group and MPPT controller; Wherein, described MPPT controller comprises A/D modular converter, A/D control module, optimizing MPPT module, PWM module, bridge-drive module and DC/DC module; Described A/D modular converter input end gathers the voltage and current data of photovoltaic cell component, and its output terminal connects the input end of A/D control module; The input end of described MPPT module connects the output terminal of A/D control module, and its output terminal is connected with the input end of PWM module; The input end of described bridge-drive module connects the output terminal of PWM module, and its output terminal connects the DC/DC module of output voltage signal.
Described A/D modular converter is 8 ADC analog/digital converter chips.
Described DC/DC module is traditional BOOST circuit.
Described PWM modular belt driving circuit, and driving circuit consists of SG3524 chip.
A method of work (see figure 2) for the quick optimizing system of photovoltaic array maximum power point under condition, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1. data are prepared: the open-circuit voltage U of storage photovoltaic battery panel in the situation that shadow-free covers
oCAwith short-circuit current I
sCA, above data also can inquire from photovoltaic battery panel service manual, and calculate the slope of open-circuit voltage on short-circuit current ratio, are designated as k
a;
2. when program initialization, set converter current dutycycle D, by A/D modular converter, gather the maximum power point operating voltage U of photovoltaic array when the homogeneous illumination shadow-free
max, working current I
max; Gather the voltage and current U (k) of current photovoltaic array, I (k), calculates Δ I=|I
max-I (k) |; Set and detect photovoltaic array current break threshold k 1, if Δ I < is K
1, photovoltaic array does not receive that shade covers, and adopts classic method to find maximum power point; If Δ I > is K
1, there is shade and covered situation;
3. when generation shade covers situation, calculate the first auxiliary judgment voltage
i wherein
srepresent as solar cell working point voltage U=U
maxtime corresponding work S electricity CA stream; According to similar triangles rule, can show that the voltage of photovoltaic panel maximum power point when shade covers must be between Us1 and U
maxbetween;
4. adjust converter circuit duty cycle of switching, make photovoltaic array operating voltage move closer to Us1, work as I
s2=I (k+1)=U (k+1) * k
a=0 o'clock, note U
s2=U (k+1), wherein Us2 is the second auxiliary judgment voltage, U
n+1for present operating point voltage;
5. adjust dutycycle until while finding Us2, the power points Pk=Uk*Ik of maximum when recording voltage changes; Under shade condition, the influence factor that affects cell panel power stage mainly contains shade distribution area, dash area light intensity magnitude and shade arrangement mode; Can by shadow factor, carry out the average influence of average above-mentioned three conditions, establish shadow factor and be
if m>1, can judge that the voltage at photovoltaic panel maximum power point place when shade covers must be between Us2 and U
maxbetween, otherwise the voltage at battery maximum power point place must be between Us1 and Us2;
If 6. shadow factor m>1, from U=U (k), adopt conductance increment method to find maximum power point, if m<1, continue to regulate dutycycle, operating voltage is moved towards Us1, if judgement Δ I > K1 meets this condition, continue to adjust dutycycle and make Uk approach Us1; If do not meet, from current working point U=Uk, can adopt conductance increment method to find maximum power point, last, definite Uk assignment of having chosen is carried out to next step calculating to U*;
7. using the initial value of U* as variable step conductance increment method, step-length with Δ U=0.1V-0.5V is carried out disturbance to U*, measure the output current I (k) of cell panel, calculate dU=U (k)-U (k-1), dI=I (k)-I (k-1), dP=U (k) * I (k)-U (k-1) * I (k-1);
If the dU that 8. 7. step calculates is 0, can judge the positive and negative of dI, if dI is greater than 0, voltage increases Δ U, otherwise reduces Δ U; If dU is not 0, judge the positive and negative of dI/dU+I/U, if dI/dU+I/U is greater than zero, voltage increases (dP/dU) * Δ U, otherwise reduces (dP/dU) * Δ U.
Shadow-free the cover condition of described step in is 1. that light intensity is 1000W/m
2, temperature is the environment under 25 degrees celsius.
Take 30kw photovoltaic array as example, and its open-circuit voltage is 820V, short-circuit current 49.3A, and the situation of shading is that irradiation is respectively 1000W/m
2and 500W/m
2;
1. the data preparatory stage, obtain k
a=16.63, the initial array scanning Δ I < K that gives
1, as met, illustrate that photovoltaic cell has part to be blocked;
2. by current current value I s1=24A, find the first auxiliary judgment voltage Us1=400V, and regulate dutycycle D that output voltage is moved to it until find the second auxiliary judgment voltage Us2=500V, calculate output power P (k)=U (k) * I (k), big or small by the output power P with last (k-1)=U (k-1) * I (k-1), the magnitude of voltage of output power larger part is assigned to U*;
3. computational shadowgraph Coefficient m=3.2>1, when known shade covers, the voltage at photovoltaic panel maximum power point place must be between Us2 and U
maxbetween, the maximum power point of record is approximate maximum power point before;
4. using the U*=695V that the returns initial value as conductance increment method, step-length adopts Δ U=0.5V, measure the output current I (k) of cell panel, calculate du=u (k)-U (k-1), dI=I (k)-I (k-1), dp=U (k) * I (k)-U (k-1) * I (k-1);
If 5. dU is 0, judgement dI's is positive and negative, if dI is greater than 0, voltage increases Δ U, otherwise reduces Δ U; If dU is not 0, judge the positive and negative of dI/dU+I/U, if dI/dU+I/U is greater than zero, voltage increases (dP/dU) * Δ U, otherwise reduces (dP/dU) * Δ U;
6. algorithm finishes, and returns to u=688.6v, and the output power at this magnitude of voltage place is the peak power output under current shading condition.
Claims (6)
1. the quick optimizing system of photovoltaic array maximum power point under shade condition, is characterized in that it comprises photovoltaic cell group and MPPT controller; Wherein, described MPPT controller comprises A/D modular converter, A/D control module, optimizing MPPT module, PWM module, bridge-drive module and DC/DC module; Described A/D modular converter input end gathers the voltage and current data of photovoltaic cell component, and its output terminal connects the input end of A/D control module; The input end of described MPPT module connects the output terminal of A/D control module, and its output terminal is connected with the input end of PWM module; The input end of described bridge-drive module connects the output terminal of PWM module, and its output terminal connects the DC/DC module of output voltage signal.
2. the quick optimizing system of photovoltaic array maximum power point under a kind of shade condition according to claim 1, is characterized in that described A/D modular converter is 8 ADC analog/digital converter chips.
3. the quick optimizing system of photovoltaic array maximum power point under a kind of shade condition according to claim 1, is characterized in that described DC/DC module is traditional BOOST circuit.
4. the quick optimizing system of photovoltaic array maximum power point under a kind of shade condition according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described PWM modular belt driving circuit, and driving circuit consists of SG3524 chip.
5. a method of work for the quick optimizing system of photovoltaic array maximum power point under shade condition, is characterized in that it comprises the following steps:
1. data are prepared: the open-circuit voltage U of storage photovoltaic battery panel in the situation that shadow-free covers
oCAwith short-circuit current I
sCA, above data also can inquire from photovoltaic battery panel service manual, and calculate the slope of open-circuit voltage on short-circuit current ratio, are designated as k
a;
2. when program initialization, set converter current dutycycle D, by A/D modular converter, gather the maximum power point operating voltage U of photovoltaic array when the homogeneous illumination shadow-free
max, working current I
max; Gather the voltage and current U (k) of current photovoltaic array, I (k), calculates Δ I=|I
max-I (k) |; Set and detect photovoltaic array current break threshold k 1, if Δ I < is K
1, photovoltaic array does not receive that shade covers, and adopts classic method to find maximum power point; If Δ I > is K
1, there is shade and covered situation;
3. when generation shade covers situation, calculate the first auxiliary judgment voltage
i wherein
srepresent as solar cell working point voltage U=U
maxtime corresponding working current; According to similar triangles rule, can show that the voltage of photovoltaic panel maximum power point when shade covers must be between Us1 and U
maxbetween;
4. adjust converter circuit duty cycle of switching, make photovoltaic array operating voltage move closer to Us1, work as I
s2=I (k+1)=U (k+1) * k
a=0 o'clock, note U
s2=U (k+1), wherein Us2 is the second auxiliary judgment voltage, U
n+1for present operating point voltage;
5. adjust dutycycle until while finding Us2, the power points Pk=Uk*Ik of maximum when recording voltage changes; Under shade condition, the influence factor that affects cell panel power stage mainly contains shade distribution area, dash area light intensity magnitude and shade arrangement mode; Can by shadow factor, carry out the average influence of average above-mentioned three conditions, establish shadow factor and be
if m>1, can judge that the voltage at photovoltaic panel maximum power point place when shade covers must be between Us2 and U
maxbetween, otherwise the voltage at battery maximum power point place must be between Us1 and Us2;
If 6. shadow factor m>1, from U=U (k), adopt conductance increment method to find maximum power point, if m<1, continue to regulate dutycycle, operating voltage is moved towards Us1, if judgement Δ I > K1 meets this condition, continue to adjust dutycycle and make Uk approach Us1; If do not meet, from current working point U=Uk, can adopt conductance increment method to find maximum power point, last, definite Uk assignment of having chosen is carried out to next step calculating to U*;
7. using the initial value of U* as variable step conductance increment method, step-length with Δ U=0.1V-0.5V is carried out disturbance to U*, measure the output current I (k) of cell panel, calculate dU=U (k)-U (k-1), dI=I (k)-I (k-1), dP=U (k) * I (k)-U (k-1) * I (k-1);
If the dU that 8. 7. step calculates is 0, can judge the positive and negative of dI, if dI is greater than 0, voltage increases Δ U, otherwise reduces Δ U; If dU is not 0, judge the positive and negative of dI/dU+I/U, if dI/dU+I/U is greater than zero, voltage increases (dP/dU) * Δ U, otherwise reduces (dP/dU) * Δ U.
6. the method for work of the quick optimizing system of photovoltaic array maximum power point under a kind of shade condition according to claim 5, is characterized in that the shadow-free condition of covering during described step is 1. that light intensity is 1000W/m
2, temperature is the environment under 25 degrees celsius.
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| CN106647921A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-05-10 | 南通大学 | Improved MPPT algorithm with reduced influence of partial shading on photovoltaic system |
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