CN103677063B - Based on knee point equal power method photovoltaic cell component maximum power tracking method and device - Google Patents
Based on knee point equal power method photovoltaic cell component maximum power tracking method and device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention is a kind of to be based on knee point equal power method photovoltaic cell component maximum power tracking method and its device.Due in the photovoltaic generating system that actual photovoltaic module is connected, when polylith photovoltaic cell is blocked or coverage extent is different, the I U characteristic curve of whole photovoltaic array occurs multiple knee point, corresponding P U curve then can be likely to occur multiple peak points, assume multi-peak curve characteristic so that traditional maximal power tracing algorithm can lose efficacy.The present invention utilizes the voltage of each knee point and the relation of the peak point of power curve, the present invention is using the maximal power tracing algorithm determining voltage-tracing method and perturbation observation method combines, except tandem photovoltaic cells group preferably can accurately be followed the tracks of in addition to the maximum power point under shadow occlusion moreover it is possible to eliminate the energy loss that long non-maximum power point range searching causes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to solar photovoltaic technology field, more particularly, it relates to a kind of be based on knee point equal power method
Photovoltaic cell component maximum power tracking method and its device.
Background technology
In the application of actual photovoltaic system, because the installation of photovoltaic module and applied environment seriously govern photovoltaic module
Conversion efficiency, particularly photovoltaic shadow occlusion problem have a strong impact on conversion efficiency and the reliability of photovoltaic module.Send out with photovoltaic
The becoming increasingly complex of electric system local environment, especially building than comparatively dense region, or be subject to photovoltaic array appearance and modeling
Restriction it is possible to cannot ensure that sunlight whole day is not blocked, thus producing the local shades of photovoltaic array, even whole day
Occlusion issue.Photovoltaic module is subject to shelter from heat or light to be affected seriously so that the mismatch between photovoltaic module, the thermal dissipation of by-pass diode make
Assembly property accelerates to degenerate, to photovoltaic module bring many strongly reduce as output, " hot spot effect ", maximum power point with
Track（Maximum power point tracking, MPPT）The problems such as technical failure.In actual photovoltaic system, photovoltaic shelters from heat or light and asks
Topic can cause photovoltaic efficiency to be less than theoretical value 15-20%, when in a photovoltaic photovoltaic plant about 10% electricity
Pond plate is subject to shadow occlusion, can cause the power loss of photovoltaic plant 60% in extreme circumstances, the power loss averagely causing exists
30% about.Long-time shadow occlusion can cause simultaneously bypass diode excessively stream, excess temperature infringement and service life reduction, serious meeting
Lead to photovoltaic battery panel to burn, cause fire.Therefore, eliminate or the impact of reduction photovoltaic shadow occlusion factor is to improve photovoltaic system
Using efficiency more effective method, the research of the maximal power tracing algorithm wherein under shadow occlusion just has very heavy system
The meaning wanted.
Existing multi-peak curve maximum power tracking method mainly has：
（1）Two-step method, from the equivalent load of I-U by the working point control of photovoltaic array closing near maximum power point,
Then complete maximal power tracing using single peak MPPT algorithm, the method there is erroneous judgement problem it is likely that find is minimum
Value point, accuracy is not high；
（2）Whole scan method, is all scanned the voltage of each peak point and power, it is then determined that maximum power point,
Although the method can correctly search for maximum power point, long non-maximum power point range searching can cause accordingly
Energy loss；
（3）Improved fixed voltage ratio scanning method, similar with whole scan method, the step-length being its voltage adopts n
, closest to the running voltage of a peak point at open-circuit voltage values, the method voltage step size can be with peak point for one of molecule
, there is the possibility leaking through maximum power point in change in voltage.
Application for a patent for invention CN102419599A that in April, 2012 announces it is proposed that a kind of based on artificial fish-swarm algorithm
Solaode maximum power point tracing method.Its invention thought is as follows：When solar module is having shade masking situation
Under, its output P-V characteristic curve will appear from the situation of multi-peak, is combined with perturbation observation method using artificial fish-swarm algorithm, real
Now to the MPPT maximum power point tracking in the case of solaode multimodal output characteristics, artificial fish-swarm algorithm therein is exactly a population
Smart random global optimization approach, can quickly and accurately search global maximum power point, then be realized by perturbation observation method
The tracking of high-power point.
Technique scheme can overcome traditional climbing method, perturbation observation method etc. and unimodal curve can only be tracked,
The shortcoming being easily absorbed in local extremum, can effectively raise the generating efficiency of photovoltaic system.But shoal of fish number is the big of number of iterations n
Little can directly affect non-maximum power point range searching number of times, long searching times can cause corresponding energy loss, and mistake
Short global search is declined by the accuracy that meeting leads to peak point.
Content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcoming the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of combination is provided to determine voltage-tracing method and disturbance observation
Method, bent using the voltage on photovoltaic series battery each knee point constant power curve of I-V curve under shadow occlusion and P-V power
The one-to-one relationship of the peak point of line, fast and accurately measures multiple power peak points, thus multi-peak curve can be measured
Maximum power point, reduce MPPT search procedure energy loss based on knee point equal power method photovoltaic cell component peak power with
Track method, and the device that described method applied is provided.
Technical scheme is as follows：
One kind is based on knee point equal power method photovoltaic cell component maximum power tracking method, and step is as follows：
1）Set battery component parameter：Unit number m, maximum power point voltage value UMPPT, maximum power point performance number PMPPT、
Open-circuit voltage UocValue；
2）Setting voltage tracing UMPPT(n)≤kUocIn parameter k value；
3）Search for first maximum power point with perturbation observation method, and record the voltage U of this pointMPPT(n)And power PMPPT(n)；
4）Voltage U according to recordMPPT(n)Value and the kU settingocContrasted, judged UMPPT(n)Whether it is less than or equal to
kUoc, if less than equal to kUoc, then proceed to step 5）, carry out the search of next peak value；
If greater than kUoc, then judge PMPPT(n)Whether it is less than or equal to PMPPTIf being less than or equal to PMPPT, then proceed to step 6）,
Otherwise return to step 2）；
5）Default second crest voltage point Uref=UMPPT(n)+kUoc；
6）Search for second maximum power point with perturbation observation method, and record the voltage U changing the timeMPPT(n+1)And power
PMPPT(n+1)；
7）Voltage U according to recordMPPT(n+1)Value and the U settingref=UMPPT(n)+kUocContrasted, judged UMPPT(n+1)It is
No less than or equal to Uref, if less than equal to Uref, then proceed to step 8）；
If greater than Uref, then judge PMPPT(n+1)Whether it is less than or equal to PMPPT(n)If being less than or equal to PMPPT(n), then proceed to step
Rapid 9）, otherwise return to step 2）；
8）Continue default next one voltage peak point, until m-th voltage peak point Uref=UMPPT(n+m)+kUoc；
9）Compare performance number P of each peak pointMPPT(n),PMPPT(n+1),…PMPPT(n+m), obtain under maximum peak power point
Magnitude of voltage UMPPT.
Preferably, described battery component is series battery.
Preferably, described battery component is connected with power inverter, the output of battery component and maximal power tracing
Device is connected, and the output of maximal power tracing device is connected with power inverter, and described power inverter is subject to maximal power tracing device
Control.
Preferably, the voltage and current signal of detection battery component output, it is input to maximal power tracing device, is controlled
Signal processed is controlling the duty cycle of switching of power inverter.
Preferably, step 2）Described in parameter k value, its value is
A kind of photovoltaic power generation control system possessing maximal power tracing function, including photovoltaic cell component, power conversion
Device, maximal power tracing module, described photovoltaic cell component is connected with power inverter, maximal power tracing module respectively with
Photovoltaic cell component, power inverter are connected；Described maximal power tracing module detects the voltage of photovoltaic cell component output
And current signal, by photovoltaic cell component maximum power tracking method, obtain control signal, control the switch of power inverter
Dutycycle.
Preferably, described photovoltaic cell component is tandem photovoltaic cells assembly.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
The present invention using the maximal power tracing algorithm determining voltage-tracing method and perturbation observation method combines, except preferably
Can accurately follow the tracks of outside maximum power point under shadow occlusion for the tandem photovoltaic cells group moreover it is possible to eliminate long non-maximum work
The energy loss that rate point range searching causes.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is the flow chart of method of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is the device structure schematic diagram implementing method of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the output I-V curve of the embodiment of the photovoltaic module of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the output P-V curve of the embodiment of the photovoltaic module of the present invention；
In figure：1 is photovoltaic cell component, and 2 is power inverter, and 3 is maximal power tracing module.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
One kind as shown in Figure 1 is based on knee point equal power method tandem photovoltaic cells assembly 1 maximum power tracking method, step
As follows：
1）Set battery component parameter：Unit number m, maximum power point voltage value UMPPT, maximum power point performance number PMPPT、
Open-circuit voltage UocValue；
2）Setting voltage tracing UMPPT(n)≤kUocIn parameter k value, its value is
3）Search for first maximum power point with perturbation observation method, and record the voltage U of this pointMPPT(n)And power PMPPT(n)；
4）Voltage U according to recordMPPT(n)Value and the kU settingocContrasted, judged UMPPT(n)Whether it is less than or equal to
kUoc, if less than equal to kUoc, then proceed to step 5）, carry out the search of next peak value；
If greater than kUoc, then judge PMPPT(n)Whether it is less than or equal to PMPPTIf being less than or equal to PMPPT, then proceed to step 6）,
Otherwise return to step 2）；
5）Default second crest voltage point Uref=UMPPT(n)+kUoc；
6）Search for second maximum power point with perturbation observation method, and record the voltage U changing the timeMPPT(n+1)And power
PMPPT(n+1)；
7）Voltage U according to recordMPPT(n+1)Value and the U settingref=UMPPT(n)+kUocContrasted, judged UMPPT(n+1)It is
No less than or equal to UrefIf less than equal to Uref, then proceed to step 8）；
If greater than Uref, then judge PMPPT(n+1)Whether it is less than or equal to PMPPT(n)If being less than or equal to PMPPT(n), then proceed to step
Rapid 9）, otherwise return to step 2）；
8）Default m-th voltage peak point Uref=UMPPT(n+m-1)+kUoc；
9）Search for m-th maximum power point with perturbation observation method, and record the voltage U changing the timeMPPT(n+m)And power
PMPPT(n+m)；
10）Voltage U according to recordMPPT(n+m)Value and the U settingref=UMPPT(n+m)+kUocContrasted, judged UMPPT(n+m)
Whether it is less than or equal to Uref, if less than equal to Uref, then proceed to step 11）, carry out the search of next peak value；
If greater than Uref, then judge PMPPT(n+m)Whether it is less than or equal to PMPPT(n+m-1)If being less than or equal to PMPPT(n+m-1), then
Return to the search starting a new round, otherwise return to step 2）；
11）Continue default next one voltage peak point, until m-th voltage peak point Uref=UMPPT(n+m)+kUoc；
12）Compare performance number P of each peak pointMPPT(n),PMPPT(n+1),…PMPPT(n+m), obtain maximum peak power point
Under magnitude of voltage UMPPT.
Described battery component is series battery.Described battery component is connected with power inverter 2, battery component
Output is connected with maximal power tracing device, and the output of maximal power tracing device is connected with power inverter 2, described power conversion
Device 2 is controlled by maximal power tracing device.
The voltage and current signal of detection battery component output, is input to maximal power tracing device, obtains control signal
Control the duty cycle of switching of power inverter 2.
It is to be based on knee point equal power method tandem photovoltaic cells assembly 1 maximum work to a kind of below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4
Rate tracking is described in further detail.
As shown in Fig. 2 a kind of photovoltaic power generation control system possessing maximal power tracing function, including photovoltaic cell component
1st, power inverter 2, maximal power tracing module 3, described photovoltaic cell component 1 is connected with power inverter 2, peak power
Tracking module 3 is connected with photovoltaic cell component 1, power inverter 2 respectively；Described maximal power tracing module 3 detection photovoltaic
The voltage and current signal of battery component 1 output, by photovoltaic cell component 1 maximum power tracking method, obtains control signal,
Control the duty cycle of switching of power inverter 2.
In the present embodiment, described photovoltaic cell component 1 is tandem photovoltaic cells group.Tandem photovoltaic cells group is become with power
Parallel operation 2 is connected, and changed power device is subject to maximal power tracing algorithm controls.Tracking control algorithm therein is：Detection tandem photovoltaic
Set of cells output voltage and current signal, be input to maximal power tracing device, then the multi-peak peak power according to Fig. 1 with
Track is calculated, and obtains control signal to control the duty cycle of switching of power inverter 2.
Fig. 3 is the photovoltaic module output I-V curve by three series batteries in the case of different shadow occlusion, from figure
I-V curve can be seen that three batteries and assumes three knee point shapes under different illumination.Using three constant power curves, wait work(
Rate line a corresponds to photovoltaic cell, and constant power b corresponds to photovoltaic cell, and equipower line c corresponds to photovoltaic cell, their difference corresponding three
Individual maximum power point is obtained with maximum power point position MPPT1, MPPT2, MPPT3, is so obtained with whole photovoltaic
The maximum power point of assembly, is illustrated in figure 3 MPPT2 point, and voltage now is UMPPT2.
Fig. 4 is to be the photovoltaic module output P-V curve in the case of different shadow occlusion by three series batteries, with figure
3 I-V curve is corresponding, and maximum power point MPPT1, MPPT2, MPPT3 therein are also corresponding, and voltage UMPPT1、UMPPT2、
UMPPT3Similarly.
Therefore can obtain from Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, as long as searching maximum power point from I-V, also just corresponding acquisition P-V is bent
The maximum power point of line, and the present invention is namely based on this principle and has obtained being based on knee point equal power method tandem photovoltaic cells assembly
1 maximum power tracking method algorithm, accurately can quickly obtain maximum power point, also can reduce long-time maximum power point simultaneously and search
Rope and the energy loss that leads to.
Above-described embodiment is intended merely to the present invention is described, and is not used as limitation of the invention.As long as according to this
Bright technical spirit, is changed to above-described embodiment, modification etc. all will fall in the range of the claim of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. it is based on knee point equal power method photovoltaic cell component maximum power tracking method it is characterised in that step is as follows：
1) set battery component parameter：Unit number m, maximum power point voltage value UMPPT, maximum power point performance number PMPPT, open circuit
Voltage UocValue；
2) setting voltage tracing UMPPT(n)≤kUocIn parameter k value；
3) search for first maximum power point with perturbation observation method, and record the voltage U of this pointMPPT(n)And power PMPPT(n)；
4) the voltage U according to recordMPPT(n)Value and the kU settingocContrasted, judged UMPPT(n)Whether it is less than or equal to kUoc, such as
Fruit is less than or equal to kUoc, then proceed to step 5), carry out the search of next peak value；
If greater than kUoc, then judge PMPPT(n)Whether it is less than or equal to PMPPTIf being less than or equal to PMPPT, then proceed to step 5), otherwise
Return to step 2)；
5) preset second voltage peak point Uref=UMPPT(n)+kUoc；
6) search for second maximum power point with perturbation observation method, and record the voltage U of this pointMPPT(n+1)And power PMPPT(n+1)；
7) the voltage U according to recordMPPT(n+1)Value and the U settingref=UMPPT(n)+kUocContrasted, judged UMPPT(n+1)Whether
Less than or equal to Uref, if less than equal to Uref, then proceed to step 8)；
If greater than Uref, then judge PMPPT(n+1)Whether it is less than or equal to PMPPT(n)If being less than or equal to PMPPT(n), then proceed to step 8),
Otherwise return to step 2)；
8) according to step 5), step 6), step 7) method, continue default next one voltage peak point, until m-th Voltage Peak
Value point Uref=UMPPT(n+m-2)+kUoc, obtain PMPPT(n+2),…PMPPT(n+m-1)；
9) compare performance number P of each maximum power pointMPPT(n),PMPPT(n+1),…PMPPT(n+m-1), obtain maximum power point voltage
Value UMPPT.
2. according to claim 1 based on knee point equal power method photovoltaic cell component maximum power tracking method, its feature
It is, described battery component is series battery.
3. according to claim 2 based on knee point equal power method photovoltaic cell component maximum power tracking method, its feature
It is, described battery component is connected with power inverter, the output of battery component is connected with maximal power tracing device, maximum work
The output of rate tracker is connected with power inverter, and described power inverter is controlled by maximal power tracing device.
4. according to claim 3 based on knee point equal power method photovoltaic cell component maximum power tracking method, its feature
It is that the voltage and current signal of detection battery component output is input to maximal power tracing device, obtains control signal to control
The duty cycle of switching of power inverter.
5. according to claim 1 based on knee point equal power method photovoltaic cell component maximum power tracking method, its feature
Be, step 2) described in parameter k value, its value is
6. a kind of photovoltaic power generation control system possessing maximal power tracing function it is characterised in that include photovoltaic cell component,
Power inverter, maximal power tracing module, described photovoltaic cell component is connected with power inverter, maximal power tracing mould
Block is connected with photovoltaic cell component, power inverter respectively；Described maximal power tracing module detection photovoltaic cell component is defeated
The voltage and current signal going out, by described in any one of claim 1 to 5 based on knee point equal power method photovoltaic cell component
High-power tracking, obtains control signal, controls the duty cycle of switching of power inverter.
7. the photovoltaic power generation control system possessing maximal power tracing function according to claim 6 is it is characterised in that institute
The photovoltaic cell component stated is tandem photovoltaic cells assembly.
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| CN105242740B (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2017-01-18 | 福州大学 | Maximum power point tracking control method under partial shadow |
| CN105259972B (en) * | 2015-12-02 | 2016-09-14 | 河海大学 | A kind of multi-peak maximum power point of photovoltaic array tracking based on hopping strategy |
| CN106096715B (en) * | 2016-05-05 | 2018-09-28 | 江苏方天电力技术有限公司 | Photovoltaic module shade determination method based on peak counting and parameter identification |
| CN107340799B (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2019-01-18 | 潍坊学院 | A kind of maximum power point of photovoltaic array tracking based on shadow Detection |
| CN108304026A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-07-20 | 深圳市首航新能源有限公司 | A kind of powerinjected method method |
| CN109492304A (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2019-03-19 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of photovoltaic group string output power point optimization method under shadow occlusion state |
| CN114995578A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-09-02 | 武汉大学 | Tracking method for maximum power of photovoltaic array under local shadow |
| CN116627204B (en) * | 2023-04-12 | 2023-10-20 | 团车互联网信息服务(北京)有限公司 | Multimodal MPPT tracking control method and system for solar automobile |
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