CN103588175A - Method for making nano-powder through ultrasonic atomization-microwave pyrolysis - Google Patents

Method for making nano-powder through ultrasonic atomization-microwave pyrolysis Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103588175A
CN103588175A CN201310609890.1A CN201310609890A CN103588175A CN 103588175 A CN103588175 A CN 103588175A CN 201310609890 A CN201310609890 A CN 201310609890A CN 103588175 A CN103588175 A CN 103588175A
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powder
nano
microwave
ultrasonic atomization
prepared
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郭胜惠
彭金辉
张利华
巨少华
郭磊
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Kunming University of Science and Technology
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Abstract

The invention relates to a method for making nano-powder through ultrasonic atomization-microwave pyrolysis, and belongs to the technical field of inorganic nano-materials. The method comprises the following steps: processing a soluble labile metal salt with a water-ethanol mixed solution to prepare a precursor solution, and carrying out ultrasonic atomization of the obtained precursor solution to obtain droplets; and carrying the droplets to microwaves under the action of a carrying gas or a fan for rapid drying pyrolysis to prepare the nano-powder which is a nanometer shell metal oxide or composite oxide powder. The method utilizes the combination of respective advantages of ultrasonic waves and the microwaves, the ultrasonic waves make a large amount of tiny bubbles generated because of cavitation in a liquid to form the droplets on the surface of the liquid, each of the droplets has a spherical hollow small vacuole structure, and the microwave heating has the advantages of uniform outward heating, selective heating, fast heating speed and easy control.

Description

A kind of ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating is prepared the method for nano-powder
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating and prepare the method for nano-powder, belong to technical field of inorganic nanometer material.
Background technology
The method that the present invention adopts ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating to prepare nano-powder is prepared nanoshells metal-oxide powder, composite nano-powder and nano thin-film.
Nano composite material has good performance, at aspects such as photoelectric display device, transparency electrode, solar cell, liquid-crystal display, catalysis, be widely used, as ITO (Sn doped In_2O_3), AZO (Al doping ZnO), GZO (Ga doping ZnO), IZO (In doping ZnO), FTO (F adulterate SnO2) etc.The method of producing at present composite granule has coprecipitation method, spray heating decomposition, organic solvent azeotropic method etc.In these methods, the reagent of a kind of front method is easy to obtain, but cycle time is longer, and then a kind of method is used the higher organic reagent of price because of need, and cost is high, therefore apply lessly, spray pyrolysis can obtain even-grained powder fast.
Nanometer metal oxide powder has the plurality of advantages such as high-specific surface area, high reactivity, absorption and scatters ultraviolet ability are strong, at aspects such as metallurgy, chemical industry, electronics, environmental protection and the energy, magneticsubstance, fine ceramics, sensor and daily cosmetics and biomedicines, obtain development and application, demonstrated tempting prospect.Make nano-powder material there is good performance, crucial during the preparation of nanometer powder.At present, nano-powder comprises that the preparation method of metal oxide and Composite Oxides Nanometric Powder body can be divided into physical method and chemical process.
Physical method is prepared metal oxide and is met nm-class oxide powder and comprises physical pulverization method and mechanical ball milling method.Physical pulverization method is to obtain nanoparticle by methods such as mechanical disintegration, electrical spark blasts, is characterized in simple to operate, cost is low but product purity is low, and size distribution is inhomogeneous.Mechanical ball milling method is to control the nanoparticle that suitable condition obtains pure element nanoparticle, alloy nano particle or matrix material.That the method has advantages of is simple to operate, cost is low, but the product purity simultaneously preparing is low, size distribution is inhomogeneous.
Adopt chemical process to prepare the focus that nano-powder material is current research, it comprises vapour deposition process, the precipitator method and sol-gel method etc.
Vapour deposition process directly utilizes gas or material is become to gas, then issues biochemical reaction at gaseous state, finally the cooling nano particle that is condensed into again.The diameter of particle distribution uniform that adopts this method to prepare, reunion situation is light, but this method required equipment is special and expensive, and sample condition is controlled strict, complicated operation and immature.
At present, adopt chemical precipitation method to prepare the research of nano-powder material more, adopt common chemical industry equipment, flow process is simple, is suitable for scale operation, is the focus method of preparing at present nano-powder.But, the washing difficulty of negatively charged ion, it is the subject matter that the method exists that powder is easily reunited.
Sol-gel method adopts metal salt solution, precipitation agent and tensio-active agent etc. to prepare nano-powder presoma, then prepares powder material of nano oxide through strict ageing, washing, calcining.This technological advantage is that the particle diameter of nanometer powder making is even, stable components, and shortcoming is complex process, long flow path, need to uses additive and tensio-active agent, has not only increased cost but also has brought the problems such as cost for wastewater treatment height.
Traditional spray pyrolysis is to combine to a certain extent liquid phase method and gas phase legal system for a kind of processing method of powder technology advantage, the general press atomization mode that adopts is broken up liquid to become drop, then imports process furnace cavity inside and carry out heat exchange and complete dry and pyrolytic process.The advantage of this method is dry and pyrolytic process completes in a cavity, directly obtains product, without follow-up filtration, washing, dry, crushing process, simple to operate.But shortcoming be coal gas, Sweet natural gas or the heavy oil of adopting more as thermal source, the large quantity of exhaust gas not only producing must carry out individual curing, and waste gas takes away amount of heat, consumes energy higher.
Summary of the invention
The problem and the deficiency that for above-mentioned prior art, exist, the invention provides a kind of method that ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating is prepared nano-powder.The present invention utilizes the advantage of ultrasonic wave and two kinds of methods of microwave to combine, and can prepare nanoshells metal-oxide powder and composite nano-powder.Ultrasonic wave is to meeting in liquid because cavatition produces a large amount of micro-bubbles, and on fluid surface, these a large amount of fine drop are pulled out away from liquid level and form droplet, and these droplets have spherical hollow little Vacuoles Structure within a certain period of time.Microwave heating have from inside to outside homogeneous heating, selectivity heating, heat-up rate fast, be easy to the advantages such as control, can to the ultrasonic wave droplet entering in cavity, be rapidly heated at short notice, make after cavity shape droplet wink-dry pyrolysis again or proceed subsequent handling, obtaining nanoshells metal-oxide powder, composite nano-powder.Therefore, the spray pyrolysis method that ultrasonic atomizatio is combined with microwave heating, may be used on the contour frontier of photochemical catalysis, and the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
Ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating is prepared a method for nano-powder, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) first the mixing solutions of the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility and water and ethanol is configured to precursor solution, wherein in mixing solutions, the volume ratio of water and ethanol is (50~100): (0~50);
(2) precursor solution step (1) being prepared obtains the droplet of equal footpath 10~200 μ m through ultrasonic atomization;
(3) under carrier gas or fan effect, step (2) is prepared to droplet to be brought in microwave, in temperature, be rapid drying pyrolysis under 300~1200 ℃ of conditions, can prepare nano-powder, nano-powder is nanoshells metal oxide or composite oxide powder.
In described step (1), in precursor solution, the volumetric molar concentration of soluble metallic salt is 0.001~2mol/L.
During metal-salt that the easy decomposing metal salt of described solubility is single metallic element, the nano-powder preparing is nanoshells metal oxide.
In described step (1), except adding solubility easily to decompose the metal-salt of single metallic element, while also having added the easy salt decomposition of solubility of another kind of different elements, the nano-powder preparing is composite oxide powder.
The easy decomposing metal salt of described solubility is acetate, villaumite, nitrate or vitriol.
Above-mentioned preparation in composite oxide powder, the easy salt decomposition of solubility of another kind of different elements can be non-metal salt or metal-salt.
The above-mentioned nano-powder preparing is composite oxide powder, the salt of the different elements that add is identical with the element of the required composite nano-powder obtaining, and the mol ratio of the different elements that add is also identical with the mol ratio of element in the required composite nano-powder obtaining.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: (1) utilizes hyperacoustic mode atomization precursor solution, can be by regulating hyperacoustic frequency and power to control the size of atomizing droplet, and then regulate size distribution and the pattern of prepared metal oxide, the particle diameter of product and pattern are controlled; (2) adopt the mode of microwave heating accurately to control pyrolysis temperature, microwave heating replaces the type of heating of traditional electric furnace, coal gas or heavy oil etc., have rate of heating fast, energy-efficient, be easy to control, the advantage such as safe and reliable, environmental friendliness; (3) operational path is simple, reaction process quick and stable, the waste gas of generation after absorb processing, cleanliness without any pollution, production efficiency is high, product purity is high, quality good; (4) this processing unit is simple, and product is easy to collect, and applicable to serialization, produces, and has broad application prospects.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the corresponding nanoshells Zinc oxide powder of the embodiment of the present invention 1 SEM schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1
This ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating is prepared the method for nano-powder, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) first the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility and water and ethanolic soln are configured to precursor solution, wherein the volume ratio of water and ethanolic soln is 100:0, in precursor solution, the volumetric molar concentration of soluble metallic salt is 0.001mol/L, and soluble metallic salt is zinc acetate;
(2) precursor solution step (1) being prepared obtains the droplet of equal footpath 10 μ m through ultrasonic atomization;
(3) under carrier gas or fan effect, step (2) is prepared to droplet and be brought in microwave, rapid drying pyrolysis under 450 ℃ of conditions, can prepare nanoshells Zinc oxide powder.
The shell thickness of above-mentioned nanoshells metal-oxide powder is 10nm left and right, and uniform particles distributes, favorable dispersity, as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 2
This ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating is prepared the method for nano-powder, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) first the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility and water and ethanolic soln are configured to precursor solution, wherein the volume ratio of water and ethanolic soln is 80:20, the InCl that wherein the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility is 2.16g 3.5H 2the SnCl of O and 0.19g 2.2H 2o;
(2) precursor solution step (1) being prepared obtains the droplet of equal footpath 100 μ m through ultrasonic atomization;
(3) under carrier gas or fan effect, step (2) is prepared to droplet and be brought in microwave, rapid drying pyrolysis under 700 ℃ of conditions, can prepare Nanometer ITO Powder.
Embodiment 3
This ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating is prepared the method for nano-powder, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) first the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility and water and ethanolic soln are configured to precursor solution, wherein the volume ratio of water and ethanolic soln is 70:30, the SbCl that wherein the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility is 2.25g 3snCl with 6.75g 2.2H 2o;
(2) precursor solution step (1) being prepared obtains the droplet of equal footpath 100 μ m through ultrasonic atomization;
(3) under carrier gas or fan effect, step (2) is prepared to droplet and be brought in microwave, rapid drying pyrolysis under 600 ℃ of conditions, can prepare the composite metal oxide powder of nano oxidized antimony-doped tin oxide.
Embodiment 4
This ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating is prepared the method for nano-powder, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) first the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility and water and ethanolic soln are configured to precursor solution, wherein the volume ratio of water and ethanolic soln is 85:15, the NH that wherein the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility is 2.25g 4the SnCl of F and 6g 4.5H 2o;
(2) precursor solution step (1) being prepared obtains the droplet of equal footpath 100 μ m through ultrasonic atomization;
(3) under carrier gas or fan effect, step (2) is prepared to droplet and be brought in microwave, rapid drying pyrolysis under 500 ℃ of conditions, can prepare nano FTO powder.
Embodiment 5
This ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating is prepared the method for nano-powder, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) first the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility and water and ethanolic soln are configured to precursor solution, wherein the volume ratio of water and ethanolic soln is 50:50, and wherein the volumetric molar concentration of soluble metallic salt is 1mol/L, and the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility is zinc nitrate;
(2) precursor solution step (1) being prepared obtains the droplet of equal footpath 200 μ m through ultrasonic atomization;
(3) under carrier gas or fan effect, step (2) is prepared to droplet and be brought in microwave, rapid drying pyrolysis under 300 ℃ of conditions, can prepare nanoshells Zinc oxide powder.
Embodiment 6
This ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating is prepared the method for nano-powder, and its concrete steps are as follows:
(1) first the mixing solutions of the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility and water and ethanol is configured to precursor solution, wherein in mixing solutions, the volume ratio of water and ethanol is 90:10, wherein in precursor solution, the volumetric molar concentration of soluble metallic salt is 2mol/L, and the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility is copper sulfate;
(2) precursor solution step (1) being prepared obtains the droplet of equal footpath 100 μ m through ultrasonic atomization;
(3) under carrier gas or fan effect, step (2) is prepared to droplet and be brought in microwave, in temperature, be rapid drying pyrolysis under 1200 ℃ of conditions, can prepare nano-powder, nano-powder is nanoshells cupric oxide powder.

Claims (5)

1. ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating is prepared a method for nano-powder, it is characterized in that concrete steps are as follows:
(1) first the mixing solutions of the easy decomposing metal salt of solubility and water and ethanol is configured to precursor solution, wherein in mixing solutions, the volume ratio of water and ethanol is (50~100): (0~50);
(2) precursor solution step (1) being prepared obtains the droplet of equal footpath 10~200 μ m through ultrasonic atomization;
(3) under carrier gas or fan effect, step (2) is prepared to droplet to be brought in microwave, in temperature, be rapid drying pyrolysis under 300~1200 ℃ of conditions, can prepare nano-powder, nano-powder is nanoshells metal oxide or composite oxide powder.
2. ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating according to claim 1 is prepared the method for nano-powder, it is characterized in that: in described step (1), in precursor solution, the volumetric molar concentration of soluble metallic salt is 0.001~2mol/L.
3. ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating according to claim 2 is prepared the method for nano-powder, it is characterized in that: during metal-salt that the easy decomposing metal salt of described solubility is single metallic element, the nano-powder preparing is nanoshells metal oxide.
4. ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating according to claim 2 is prepared the method for nano-powder, it is characterized in that: in described step (1) except adding solubility easily to decompose the metal-salt of single metallic element, while also having added the easy salt decomposition of solubility of another kind of different elements, the nano-powder preparing is composite oxide powder.
5. according to the ultrasonic atomization-microwave-heating described in claim 1 to 4, prepare the method for nano-powder, it is characterized in that: the easy decomposing metal salt of described solubility is acetate, villaumite, nitrate or vitriol.
CN201310609890.1A 2013-11-27 2013-11-27 Method for making nano-powder through ultrasonic atomization-microwave pyrolysis Pending CN103588175A (en)

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Cited By (7)

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CN105598470A (en) * 2016-02-25 2016-05-25 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of carbon reinforced metal/metal oxide composite powder
CN107698171A (en) * 2017-08-31 2018-02-16 浙江大学 A kind of preparation method of TiN coated glasses
CN107892329A (en) * 2017-11-23 2018-04-10 北京科技大学 A kind of high flux conbustion synthesis powder body material preparation facilities and preparation method
CN108002423A (en) * 2017-12-19 2018-05-08 云南锡业职业技术学院 The method that a kind of ultrasonic wave and microwave cooperating prepare nano zine oxide
CN108689418A (en) * 2018-07-26 2018-10-23 塔里木大学 A kind of stratiform houghite raw powder's production technology
CN109650438A (en) * 2019-01-18 2019-04-19 昆明理工大学 Nanometer witch culture tin dioxide powder and preparation method thereof
CN117139638A (en) * 2023-09-04 2023-12-01 苏州科技大学 Continuous preparation method of high-entropy alloy micro-nanospheres

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105598470A (en) * 2016-02-25 2016-05-25 昆明理工大学 Preparation method of carbon reinforced metal/metal oxide composite powder
CN107698171A (en) * 2017-08-31 2018-02-16 浙江大学 A kind of preparation method of TiN coated glasses
CN107892329A (en) * 2017-11-23 2018-04-10 北京科技大学 A kind of high flux conbustion synthesis powder body material preparation facilities and preparation method
CN108002423A (en) * 2017-12-19 2018-05-08 云南锡业职业技术学院 The method that a kind of ultrasonic wave and microwave cooperating prepare nano zine oxide
CN108689418A (en) * 2018-07-26 2018-10-23 塔里木大学 A kind of stratiform houghite raw powder's production technology
CN109650438A (en) * 2019-01-18 2019-04-19 昆明理工大学 Nanometer witch culture tin dioxide powder and preparation method thereof
CN117139638A (en) * 2023-09-04 2023-12-01 苏州科技大学 Continuous preparation method of high-entropy alloy micro-nanospheres
CN117139638B (en) * 2023-09-04 2024-03-19 苏州科技大学 Continuous preparation method of high-entropy alloy micro-nanospheres

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Application publication date: 20140219