CN104280773A - Method for predicting thin layer thickness by utilization of time-frequency spectrum cross plot changing along with geophone offsets - Google Patents
Method for predicting thin layer thickness by utilization of time-frequency spectrum cross plot changing along with geophone offsets Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for predicting a thin layer thickness by the utilization of a time-frequency spectrum cross plot changing along with geophone offsets. According to the method, time-frequency spectrum decomposition is performed on a trace gather to obtain a date cube, and the ranges and time window lengths of the near geophone offset and the middle-far geophone offset are selected; integral multiples of frequencies are used for fetching data out to form a time-frequency spectrum of the near geophone offset and a time-frequency spectrum of the middle-far geophone offset, and the time-frequency spectrum of the near geophone offset and the time-frequency spectrum of the middle-far geophone offset are crossed to form the time-frequency spectrum cross plot changing along with the geophone offsets; logging data are firstly used for synthesizing seismic forward modeling trace gathers different in thin layer thickness, and a time-frequency spectrum cross plot of the forward modeling trace gathers is used; the time-frequency spectrum cross plot of the field trace gather is compared with the time-frequency spectrum cross plot of the forward modeling trace gather, so that the thin layer thickness of underground media is obtained. The new method is used for predicting a thin layer of which the thickness is smaller than quarter of wavelength.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to seismic exploration technique field, belong to a kind of utilization in seismic data process and predict the method for thickness of thin layer with the time-frequency spectrum that geophone offset the changes figure that crosses.
Background technology
Thin layer is one of important goal of seismic prospecting.Be greater than quarter-wave thin layer for thickness, people can predict the thickness of thin layer more exactly.But be less than quarter-wave thin layer for thickness, people trial diverse ways predict.
The main method utilizing forecast for seismic data thickness to be less than quarter-wave thin layer is at present divided into the technical methods such as Discussion of Earthquake Attribute Technology, seismic inversion, Spectral Decomposition Technique and rim detection.These methods utilize seismic amplitude, frequency spectrum and comprehensive seismic properties etc. to set up relation between thickness of thin layer.These methods require certain prerequisite and condition in theory: some method, based on convolution model, does not consider that interformational multiples and transformed wave are to the contribution of reflection amplitude; Some method hypothesis thin layer top/bottom boundary reflection coefficient is equivalent and reversed polarity; Some method requires fixed mode incident wavelet etc.Therefore, there is certain restriction in actual applications in these methods.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of method predicting thickness of thin layer under thickness is less than quarter-wave situation.
The present invention is realized by following steps:
1) utilize p-wave source earthquake-wave-exciting in the wild and utilize wave detector record seismic event, conveniently seism processing flow process carries out the high-fidelity process of relative amplitude maintenance to the data gathered, and forms the road collection (2D data) after the normal-moveout correction (NMO) of amplitude variation with Offset (AVO);
2) to step 1) the road collection that formed carries out time-frequency spectrum and decomposes the time-frequency spectrum data volume (3D data) obtaining set pair and answer; (such as decomposing by the method such as generalized S-transform or wavelet transformation)
3) according to the zone of interest degree of depth, select nearly geophone offset and in geophone offset scope far away;
The nearly geophone offset of described selection and in geophone offset scope far away be: obtaining geophone offset/depth ratio by geophone offset divided by the zone of interest degree of depth, when this ratio is less than 0.4, is nearly geophone offset; When this ratio is between 0.4 and 1.2, in geophone offset far away.
4) according to the frequency spectrum dominant frequency of zone of interest reflection wave, window length is selected;
The half of the frequency spectrum dominant frequency corresponding wavelength of layer reflection wave for the purpose of described window length.
5) within the scope of the effective spectrum of zone of interest reflection wave, the frequency of 5Hz or 10Hz integral multiple is selected;
6) according to 3), 4) and 5) near, far geophone offset scope, window length and the frequency determined, data corresponding in time-frequency spectrum data volume are taken out, formed nearly geophone offset time-frequency spectrum sequence and in the time-frequency spectrum sequence of geophone offset far away;
7) nearly geophone offset time-frequency spectrum sequence and in the time-frequency spectrum sequence of geophone offset far away cross, the time-frequency spectrum formed with geophone offset change crosses figure;
8) first carry out the Seismic forward road collection synthesizing different thickness of thin layer, with 2 by well data) to 6) the step time-frequency spectrum that obtains Zheng Yan road collection to cross figure; The time-frequency spectrum of Tu Hezhengyan road collection of the time-frequency spectrum of road, field collection the being crossed figure that crosses contrasts, thus obtains the thickness of thin layer of underground medium.
Described well data contains the information such as zone thickness, density of earth formations, velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity.
The present invention be from nearly geophone offset and the time-frequency spectrum of geophone offset far away cross figure to determine thickness of thin layer, provide a kind of new method for thickness prediction is less than quarter-wave thin layer.Therefore, have broad application prospects in seismic data interpretation and reservoir prediction.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 thin film model.Totally 3 layers, model parameter is shown in figure.
Fig. 2 is the Zheng Yan AVO road collection of different-thickness thin layer.The road collection of (a) thickness of thin layer 2 meters; The road collection of (b) thickness of thin layer 4 meters; The road collection of (c) thickness of thin layer 8 meters.
Fig. 3 is time-frequency spectrum data volume schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 be nearly geophone offset and in the time-frequency spectrum of geophone offset far away to cross figure.The figure that crosses of (a) frequency 20Hz; The figure that crosses of (b) frequency 30Hz; The figure that crosses of (c) frequency 40Hz; The figure that crosses of (d) frequency 50Hz.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
1) utilize p-wave source earthquake-wave-exciting in the wild and utilize wave detector record seismic event, conveniently seism processing flow process carries out the high-fidelity process of relative amplitude maintenance to the data gathered, and forms the road collection (2D data) after the normal-moveout correction (NMO) of amplitude variation with Offset (AVO).Be the Zheng Yan road collection of thickness of thin layer 2 meters, 4 meters and 8 meters models (Fig. 1) respectively in Fig. 2, replace the road collection after the normal-moveout correction (NMO) in field;
2) utilize time-frequency Decomposition to carry out time-frequency spectrum decomposition to road collection (2D data), obtain the time-frequency spectrum data volume (Fig. 3) of thickness of thin layer 2 meters, 4 meters and 8 meter San Ge road collection respectively.Time-frequency spectrum data volume is a 3D data volume, adds a frequency dimension;
3) according to zone of interest in model (thin layer) degree of depth 1000 meters, the geophone offset/depth ratio of nearly geophone offset is less than 0.4, so select nearly geophone offset scope 0-200 rice, totally 5 track datas.In the geophone offset/depth ratio of geophone offset far away between 0.4 and 1.2, so geophone offset scope 900-1100 rice, totally 5 track datas far away in selecting;
4) zone of interest frequency spectrum dominant frequency is about 45Hz, and corresponding wavelength is 22 milliseconds, therefore selects window length 10 milliseconds (window length is the half of corresponding wavelength, gets even number);
5) the effective spectrum scope of zone of interest reflection wave is 4-57Hz, and the frequency therefore selecting 10Hz integral multiple is 10,20,30,40,50Hz;
If effective spectral range is 6-53Hz, the frequency selecting 5Hz integral multiple is 10,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50Hz.
6) according to 3), 4) and 5) near, far geophone offset scope, window length and the frequency determined, corresponding for time-frequency spectrum data volume data are taken out, formed thickness of thin layer 2 meters, 4 meters and 8 meter San Ge road collection nearly geophone offset time-frequency spectrum sequence and in the time-frequency spectrum sequence of geophone offset far away;
7) with the time-frequency spectrum sequence of nearly geophone offset be horizontal ordinate, in the time-frequency spectrum sequence of geophone offset far away for ordinate, by the nearly geophone offset of thickness 2 meters, 4 meters and 8 meter San Ge road collection and in the time-frequency spectrum sequence of geophone offset far away cross, formation crosses figure (Fig. 4), here 20 are listed, 30, the figure that crosses of 40,50Hz;
8) different thickness of thin layer can clearly be differentiated by the figure that crosses.Due in this example, the thickness of thin layer is known, does not need to demarcate from the well logging interpretation thickness of known well location the figure that crosses.
Example of the present invention:
I sets up the thin film model in Fig. 1;
II just drills the model in Fig. 1, obtains the road collection of Fig. 2;
The road collection of III to Fig. 2 carries out time-frequency spectrum decomposition, obtains time-frequency spectrum data volume (Fig. 3 is time-frequency spectrum data volume schematic diagram).
Data corresponding in time-frequency spectrum data volume are taken out according to near, far geophone offset scope, window length and the frequency determined by IV, formed nearly geophone offset time-frequency spectrum sequence and in the time-frequency spectrum sequence of geophone offset far away, with nearly geophone offset and in the time-frequency spectrum sequence of geophone offset far away cross, form the figure (Fig. 4) that crosses.As can be seen from the figure that crosses, the present invention can clearly differentiate different thickness of thin layer.
Claims (5)
1. utilize the figure that crosses of the time-frequency spectrum with geophone offset change to predict that the method for thickness of thin layer, feature adopt following steps to realize:
1) utilize p-wave source earthquake-wave-exciting in the wild and utilize wave detector record seismic event, conveniently seism processing flow process carries out the high-fidelity process of relative amplitude maintenance to the data gathered, and forms the road collection (2D data) after the normal-moveout correction (NMO) of amplitude variation with Offset (AVO);
2) the road collection formed step 1) carries out time-frequency spectrum and decomposes the time-frequency spectrum data volume data obtaining set pair and answer;
3) according to the zone of interest degree of depth, select nearly geophone offset and in geophone offset scope far away;
4) according to the frequency spectrum dominant frequency of zone of interest reflection wave, window length is selected;
5) within the scope of the effective spectrum of zone of interest reflection wave, the frequency of 5Hz or 10Hz integral multiple is selected;
6) according to step 3), step 4) and step 5) near, far geophone offset scope, window length and the frequency determined, corresponding data in time-frequency spectrum data volume are taken out, formed nearly geophone offset time-frequency spectrum sequence and in the time-frequency spectrum sequence of geophone offset far away;
7) nearly geophone offset time-frequency spectrum sequence and in the time-frequency spectrum sequence of geophone offset far away cross, the time-frequency spectrum formed with geophone offset change crosses figure;
8) first carry out the Seismic forward road collection synthesizing different thickness of thin layer, by step 2 by well data) to 6) the step time-frequency spectrum that obtains Zheng Yan road collection to cross figure; The time-frequency spectrum of Tu Hezhengyan road collection of the time-frequency spectrum of road, field collection the being crossed figure that crosses contrasts, thus obtains the thickness of thin layer of underground medium.
2. method according to claim 1, feature is step 2) described in the method such as time-frequency spectrum decomposition generalized S-transform or wavelet transformation.
3. method according to claim 1, feature be the nearly geophone offset of selection described in step 3) and in geophone offset scope far away be: obtaining geophone offset/depth ratio by geophone offset divided by the zone of interest degree of depth, when this ratio is less than 0.4, is nearly geophone offset; When this ratio is between 0.4 and 1.2, in geophone offset far away.
4. method according to claim 1, feature is the half of the frequency spectrum dominant frequency corresponding wavelength of layer reflection wave for the purpose of the window length described in step 4).
5. method according to claim 1, feature is that the well data described in step 8) contains the information such as zone thickness, density of earth formations, velocity of longitudinal wave and shear wave velocity.
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| CN104898164A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-09-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Earthquake prediction method for compact thin reservoir based on earthquake phase micro-variation analysis |
| CN107272064A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-10-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The depicting method of carbonate rock fractured cave body internal structure |
| WO2018107905A1 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-21 | 中国石油大学 (华东) | Method for periodically measuring time thickness of sedimentary stratum using receiver function |
| CN109188520A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-01-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Thin reservoir thickness prediction method and device |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104898164A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-09-09 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Earthquake prediction method for compact thin reservoir based on earthquake phase micro-variation analysis |
| WO2018107905A1 (en) * | 2016-12-12 | 2018-06-21 | 中国石油大学 (华东) | Method for periodically measuring time thickness of sedimentary stratum using receiver function |
| CN107272064A (en) * | 2017-07-18 | 2017-10-20 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | The depicting method of carbonate rock fractured cave body internal structure |
| CN109188520A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-01-11 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Thin reservoir thickness prediction method and device |
| CN109188520B (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2020-05-08 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Thin reservoir thickness prediction method and device |
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