CN103524191A - Method for preparing abalone mushroom cultivating material by utilizing wastes generated by Chinese walnut production and processing - Google Patents
Method for preparing abalone mushroom cultivating material by utilizing wastes generated by Chinese walnut production and processing Download PDFInfo
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- CN103524191A CN103524191A CN201310505724.7A CN201310505724A CN103524191A CN 103524191 A CN103524191 A CN 103524191A CN 201310505724 A CN201310505724 A CN 201310505724A CN 103524191 A CN103524191 A CN 103524191A
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Abstract
The invention provides an abalone mushroom cultivating material. The abalone mushroom cultivating material is characterized by using Chinese walnut branch chips, peel chips and husk chips as main raw materials and corncobs, bran, corn powder, calcium superphosphate, gypsum powder and the like as auxiliary materials. The water content of the cultivating material is 63-65%. The invention also provides a preparation method of the cultivating material. The abalone mushroom cultivating material and the preparation method have the advantages that I. through exposure to the sun, secondary fermentation or stacking and ageing treatment of the Chinese walnut branch chips, peel chips and husk chips, not only are toxic antibacterial substances degraded but also macromolecular substances such as lignin, celluloses and the like are decomposed into simple substances beneficial to absorption of abalone mushroom mycelia and growth of the abalone mushroom mycelia is promoted; II. the cultivating material is reasonable in proportioning, and the fungus material has good air permeability, strong water retentivity, good abalone mushroom growth vigor and high yield and has biological efficiency of 96.8-112.3%; III. not only is a solution provided for harmless treatment of Chinese walnut branches, peels and husks but also a new matrix is found for abalone mushroom cultivation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis process for processing waste to make Pleurotus abalonus planting material, comprises the compatibility of planting material, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Pleurotus abalonus has another name called Taiwan flat mushroom, Hei Baoer, is subordinate to Basidiomycotina, Hymenomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, pleurotus, is a kind of rare mushroom kind.Pleurotus abalonus bacterial context is plump, stem is sturdy, tender and crisp good to eat, rich in proteins, amino acid, polysaccharide etc., and wherein Pleurotus abalonus polysaccharide is the important biologically active substance of a class, is called as in the world " biological response modifier (BRMs) " or immunostimulant.BRMs can pass through stimulating immune system, and the biological respinse of balance the body is expected to reach the object for the treatment of various diseases, and therefore cultivating Pleurotus abalonus has future develop.
Pleurotus abalonus belongs to high temperature modification wood-decay fungi, its artificial culture materials mostly are deciduous tree weed tree sawdust, cotton seed hulls etc. at present, but nowadays, " bacterium-Lin " contradiction, the price continuous rise of cotton seed hulls, cultivation cost is more and more higher, so each production unit is all attached great importance to looking for cheap and good-quality alternative materials.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pterostyrax Juglandaceae hickory, is a kind of woody oil tree species, and its fruit Semen Caryae Cathayensis is worldwide dry fruit, and the whole world has 18 kinds, 3 subspecies.Semen Caryae Cathayensis has long cultivation history in China, has so far more than 500 year, is mainly distributed in around the temmoku mountain area of Zhejiang, two provinces boundaries, Anhui, is located in north latitude 29
0-31
0, east longitude 118
0-120
0, total cultivated area approximately 8.67 ten thousand hm
2, more than 20,000 tons of annual production.
In Semen Caryae Cathayensis production and the course of processing, can produce three class wastes.The one, the branch producing after pruning.China's Semen Caryae Cathayensis cultivated area is large, prune every year the branch enormous amount falling, yet these branches is not reasonably utilized from Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, and major part is used as fuel wood; The 2nd, Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell (being formed by exocarp and mesocarp).Semen Caryae Cathayensis fresh fruit gathers, and one deck Pu shell of outside goes out of use after machine is peeled off, and 1 jin of dry seed of Semen Caryae Cathayensis of every output just has the Pu shell of at least 4 jin.These Pu shells, quantity is very large, (Semen Caryae Cathayensis produces in mountain area some woods that shelled also after all, the area that much The mountains are high and the roads are steep will accomplish that in a large number also woods is difficult to carry out), and not and the words of woods, by making charcoal personal or working as biological pesticide, consumption also all too is limited, and therefore a large amount of Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shells is arbitrarily abandoned or burns; The 3rd, Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, Semen Caryae Cathayensis endocarp, is the duricrust that lignifying stone cell layer forms.Past, Semen Caryae Cathayensis was sold as dry fruit, and its shell is difficult to recycle, and present much Semen Caryae Cathayensis is by deep processing and utilization, for this Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell producing is concentrated in a large number, the most of enterprise of these shells processes it as waste, both increased production cost, again contaminate environment.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell contains higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, the Pu shell drying contains xylogen approximately 43%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 17%, nitrogen 0.56%, phosphorus 0.339%, potassium 0.797%; Shell contains the compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, wherein content of lignin approximately 52%, Mierocrystalline cellulose approximately 11%.These components, can provide essential carbon source for Pleurotus abalonus grows above.But because this three classes waste also contains the materials such as alkaloid and Polyphenols, these materials can suppress the growth of Pleurotus abalonus mycelia, so wish utilizes Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell cultivation Pleurotus abalonus, and key is to make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.
Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly shortage today, if Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivation Pleurotus abalonus of shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the Pleurotus abalonus planting material compatibility that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell be main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A planting material compatibility, has following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-12%, Pu shell bits 15%-21%, shell bits 25%-35%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm, then put outdoor naturally stack (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), the high 1.5m-2m of stockpile, wide 3m-5m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (wood grain water content reaches capacity), and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in turning in every 2 months, and time remaining 1 year, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects standby.
Pu shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm, then put outdoor naturally stack (windrow place is slightly high in the middle of answering, surrounding is slightly low, and has ditch, not ponding), the high 2m-3m of stockpile, wide 5m-10m, length is not limit.During windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (Pu shell bits water content reaches capacity), and stockpile surrounding often there are flowing out.In heap fermentation process, once, turning is 4 times altogether in every 20d turning, and time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, fully dries material, collects standby.
Shell bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Corn cob: through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, standby.
Wheat bran: wheat is separated wheat cortex in processing flour process.Wheat bran contains abundant enzyme system, protein, carbohydrate, VITAMIN and mineral substance etc.
Semen Maydis powder: as available nutrient, for Pleurotus abalonus growth provides vitamin H etc.
Calcium superphosphate: be water soluble quick-acting phosphate fertilizer, provide phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient, slightly acidic.
Terra alba: stablize planting material potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material, comprises the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during last turning, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning is 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Planting material is after access bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 32d-34d, mycelia is covered with pocket, adopts the de-bag of outdoor cool canopy earthing method to carry out management of producing mushroom.
It is main raw material that Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, makes Pleurotus abalonus planting material.Its advantage is: the one, and Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits, through sunlight exposure, Secondary Fermentation or accumulation ripening, both the poisonous bacteriostatics of having degraded, make again the macromolecular substance such as xylogen, Mierocrystalline cellulose be decomposed into and be conducive to the simple material that Pleurotus abalonus mycelia absorbs, promoted the growth of Pleurotus abalonus mycelia; The 2nd, planting material reasonable ratio, bacterium material good permeability, water-retentivity are strong, and Pleurotus abalonus growing way is good, and output is high, and its biological efficiency reaches 96.8%-112.3%; The 3rd, not only the harmless treatment for Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch, Pu shell, shell provides a terms of settlement, also for a kind of new matrix has been found in Pleurotus abalonus cultivation.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus abalonus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%, Pu shell bits 15%, shell bits 35%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: the 2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2 m, wide 3m, the trapezoidal heap of long 5m, carries out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during last turning, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning is 4 times altogether, time remaining 6d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Planting material, after access bacterial classification, is changed into tampon by plastics stopper, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 65%, through the cultivation of 34d, mycelia is covered with pocket, adopts the de-bag of outdoor cool canopy earthing method to carry out management of producing mushroom.The biological efficiency of Pleurotus abalonus reaches 112.3%.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus abalonus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 10%, Pu shell bits 18%, shell bits 30%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Pleurotus abalonus reaches 105.2%.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, Pleurotus abalonus planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 12%, Pu shell bits 21%, shell bits 25%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, is all the quality of dry-matter, and proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.The biological efficiency of Pleurotus abalonus reaches 96.8%.
The impact of the planting material of table different modes on Pleurotus abalonus biological efficiency
Claims (9)
1. a Pleurotus abalonus planting material, it is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits 8%-12%, Pu shell bits 15%-21%, shell bits 25%-35%, corn cob 20%, wheat bran 15%, Semen Maydis powder 5%, calcium superphosphate 1%, terra alba 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits are for pruning the branch falling in Semen Caryae Cathayensis garden, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm.
3. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Pu shell bits are for Semen Caryae Cathayensis Pu shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 5mm-7mm.
4. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, must be through natural packing fermentation, during windrow, answer the watering of Bian Dui limit, make material fully drenched, keep at ordinary times stockpile moistening (bits grain water content reaches capacity), Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch is considered turning in every two months to be worth doing once, composting time remaining 1 year, and Pu shell is considered every 20d turning to be worth doing once, time remaining three months, after fermentation ends, material is fully dried, collect standby.
5. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described shell bits are Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 3mm-5mm, is then deposited in air seasoning place, and ageing 1 year is standby.
6. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described corn cob is the cob after corn threshing, through drying, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm.
7. a kind of Pleurotus abalonus planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described wheat bran is by wheat separated wheat cortex in processing flour process.
8. a making method for the Pleurotus abalonus planting material described in claim 1-7, is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first Semen Caryae Cathayensis branch bits, Pu shell bits, shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter water prewet (fully drenched);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, carry out after heap, surrounding is patted, then on heap, insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: when material temperature reaches after 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and turning every day later once, during last turning, add the auxiliary materials such as corn cob, wheat bran, Semen Maydis powder, calcium superphosphate, terra alba, and keep the skin wet depending on the water content of windrow, turning is 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: employings specification is 17cm * 35cm * 0.005cm polypropylene plastics pocket, every packed wet feed 1100g-1200g, puts the collar after installing material, insertion plastics stopper;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and (after discharge cold air), keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
9. utilize the Pleurotus abalonus planting material described in claim 1-8, it is characterized in that accessing after bacterial classification, plastics stopper is changed into tampon, then cultivating bag is emitted in dark bacteria room, temperature is controlled at 22 ℃-24 ℃, and humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 32d-34d, mycelia is covered with pocket, adopts the de-bag of outdoor cool canopy earthing method to carry out management of producing mushroom.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104054512A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-09-24 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating stropharia rugoso annulata through pecan shells |
| CN104584876A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Abalone mushroom cultivation method |
| CN104823700A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-08-12 | 吴中区胥口精益生物医药研究所 | Abalone mushroom and ganoderma lucidum composite bonsai cultivation method |
| CN115517142A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-27 | 西南林业大学 | Alternative planting method for gastrodia elata |
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| CN102187785A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-09-21 | 洛阳佳嘉乐农业产品开发有限公司 | Method for culturing pleurotus eryngii |
| CN102754565A (en) * | 2012-07-11 | 2012-10-31 | 临安山川可可食用菌专业合作社 | Mushroom cultivation method by taking pecan rush shells as main culture medium raw material |
| CN103360179A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-10-23 | 邬金飞 | Formula and manufacturing method for pholiota nameko cultivation material |
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- 2013-10-24 CN CN201310505724.7A patent/CN103524191B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100999418A (en) * | 2007-01-15 | 2007-07-18 | 西南林学院 | Method of cultivating edible fungus using walnut shell as base material |
| CN102187785A (en) * | 2011-01-25 | 2011-09-21 | 洛阳佳嘉乐农业产品开发有限公司 | Method for culturing pleurotus eryngii |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104054512A (en) * | 2014-07-04 | 2014-09-24 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Method for cultivating stropharia rugoso annulata through pecan shells |
| CN104584876A (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Abalone mushroom cultivation method |
| CN104823700A (en) * | 2015-04-21 | 2015-08-12 | 吴中区胥口精益生物医药研究所 | Abalone mushroom and ganoderma lucidum composite bonsai cultivation method |
| CN115517142A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-27 | 西南林业大学 | Alternative planting method for gastrodia elata |
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