CN103513565A - Crossed sighting tube transparent spherical time and solar term sundial - Google Patents
Crossed sighting tube transparent spherical time and solar term sundial Download PDFInfo
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- CN103513565A CN103513565A CN201310494980.0A CN201310494980A CN103513565A CN 103513565 A CN103513565 A CN 103513565A CN 201310494980 A CN201310494980 A CN 201310494980A CN 103513565 A CN103513565 A CN 103513565A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an equatorial sundial for measuring time and solar terms by a shadow of an object in the sunlight. A crossed sighting tube transparent spherical time and solar term sundial disclosed by the invention comprises a base, a regulating and fixing device, a transparent sphere, a sighting tube and a collar; the transparent sphere is a hollow part; a group of time longitude circles and a group of solar term latitude circles are marked on the spherical surface of the transparent sphere; the time longitude circles are intersected at both the north and south poles; the sighting tube takes the shape of a hollow non-transparent cylinder, has a small radius and passes through two poles of the time longitude circles; a sighting hole is formed in the sighting tube and is over against the North Star; the collar is untransparent and sleeves the sighting tube; the circle center of the collar is positioned in the spherical center of the transparent sphere; the radius of the collar is slightly larger than that of the sighting tube; the sighting tube and the collar form a structure of a crossed appearance. A shadow of the sighting tube is projected to the spherical surface of the transparent sphere by the sunlight, time is read out by scales of the time longitude circle where the shadow is positioned, the solar term can be read out at any time by scales of the solar term latitude circle where a shadow of the collar is positioned, and the crossed sighting tube transparent spherical time and solar term sundial is not limited to the high noon. The crossed sighting tube transparent spherical time and solar term sundial is suitable for the equatorial area and the area above the equator.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of astronomical demonstrator device, particularly relate to a kind of position finding time of the shadow of object under the sun and cross of solar term of using and peep the spheroid time solar term corona that pipe is transparent.
Background technology
Tradition is used for the astronomical instrument of the shadow of object in the sun and mainly contains two kinds: a kind of is ancient Chinese sundial made of stones, and ancient Chinese sundial is according to length mensuration season, the annual number of days of shadows cast by the sun at high noon, can calculate calendar etc., and traditional ancient Chinese sundial only has to measure solar term high noon; Another kind is corona made of stones, and corona has thing corona, horizontal corona and equator corona etc., and its principle of work is to project on sundial face at the shadow under the sun according to sundial pin, by the orientation readout time of shadow.The equatorial sundial of China's characteristic can only be surveyed the time, can not survey solar term, and the shortcoming of traditional corona is: body is larger, and be difficult for installing, modern a lot of local coronas are only as a kind of furnishings, and accurate measuring period loses its Science and education value.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of attractive in appearance, simple installation, be applicable to equator and northern area, equator, the spherical time solar term corona that pipe is transparent peeped in the cross that can predict at any time time and solar term under the sun.
Pipe transparent ball time solar term corona peeped in cross of the present invention, comprise base, regulate and stationary installation, transparent spheroid, peep pipe, the collar, described transparent spheroid, peep pipe and be hollow component, wherein transparent spheroid is made by transparent material, peeping pipe is made by opaque material with the collar, described transparent spheroid sphere is marked with one group of time longitude circle and one group of solar term latitude circle, time longitude circle meets at South Pole S and arctic N, every 15 kilsyth basalts of time longitude circle show 1 hour, every 30 kilsyth basalts show a division of day and night, at the time longitude circle vertical with observation ground ground level, by ground one side, mark: noon/12 o'clock, by sky one side, mark: son/0 o'clock, from South Pole S, to arctic N, see, from son/0 o'clock time longitude circle, by counterclockwise marking successively every 15 degree: 1 o'clock, ugly/2 o'clock, 3 o'clock, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches/4 o'clock, the 5 Shi, fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches/6 o'clock, 7 o'clock, occasion/8 o'clock, 9 o'clock, the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches/10 o'clock, 11 o'clock, noon/12 o'clock, 13 o'clock, not/14 o'clock ,15Shi, Shen/16 o'clock, 17 o'clock, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches/18 o'clock, 19 o'clock, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches/20 o'clock, 21 o'clock, the last of the twelve Earthly Branches/22 o'clock, 23 o'clock.
Solar term latitude circle face on transparent spheroid is vertical with time longitude circle face, great circle latitude circle represents the time in the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox, from the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term latitude circle southwards successively at 5.9 degree latitude circle places marks: Clear and Bright/White Dew, at 11.47 degree latitude circle places, mark: grain rains/Limit of Heat, at 16.35 degree latitude circle places, mark: the Beginning of summer/the beginning of autumn, at 20.15 degree latitude circle places, mark: in Grain Full/Great Heat, at 22.58 degree latitude circle places, mark: in Grain in Ear/Slight Heat, at 23.43 degree latitude circle places, mark: the Summer Solstice; From the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term latitude circle northwards successively at 5.9 degree latitude circle places marks: the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)/Cold Dew, at 11.47 degree latitude circle places, mark: rainwater/Frost's Descent, at 16.35 degree latitude circle places, mark: the beginning of spring/the Beginning of Winter, at 20.15 degree latitude circle places, mark: Great Cold/slight snow, at 22.58 degree latitude circle places, mark: Slight Cold/heavy snow, marks at 23.43 degree latitude circle places: Winter Solstice.
Peeping pipe passes from transparent spheroid South Pole S and arctic N, peep pipe radius less, peep in pipe and establish peephole, peep pipe through transparent spheroid sphere center position and vertical with solar term latitude circle face, peep centre position, pipe outside and be provided with the collar, the center of circle of the collar overlaps with the transparent spheroid centre of sphere.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is applicable to equator and northern area, equator, at night, installs, and by regulating with stationary installation, regulates and peeps tube angulation, makes the peephole of peeping pipe over against Polaris, peeps pipe parallel with the earth earth's axis.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 be cross of the present invention peep the spherical time solar term corona of pipe peep pipe schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the solar term latitude circle number of degrees schematic diagram calculation that the spherical time solar term corona of pipe peeped in cross of the present invention.
Embodiment
As Figure 1-3, the spherical time solar term corona of pipe peeped in a kind of cross of the present invention, comprise end base 1, regulate and stationary installation 2, transparent spheroid 3, peep pipe 4, the collar 5, described transparent spheroid 3 is hollow component, peep pipe 4 for non-transparent parts, radius is less, peep in pipe 4 and be provided with peephole 6, the collar 5 is fixed on the centre position, outside of peeping pipe 4, the center of circle of the collar 5 overlaps with the centre of sphere of transparent spheroid 3, the collar 5 is made by opaque material, its radius is slightly larger than the radius of peeping pipe 4, peep pipe 4 place straight lines and the collar 5 place planes orthogonal, form cruciform appearance.Transparent spheroid 3 spheres are marked with one group of time longitude circle 7 and one group of solar term latitude circle 8, and time longitude circle 7 meets at the two poles of the earth, are respectively South Pole S and arctic N, and every 15 kilsyth basalts of time longitude circle 7 show 1 hour, and every 30 kilsyth basalts show a division of day and night.Solar term latitude circle 8 place planes are vertical with time longitude circle 7 place planes, and the great circle latitude circle in solar term latitude circle 8 represents solar term in the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox, the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term latitude circle face and the collar 5 place planes overlapping.Peep pipe 4 South Pole S from transparent spheroid 3 and arctic N and pass, peep and manage 5 sphere center positions through transparent spheroid 3 and vertical with the latitude circle place plane in solar term latitude circle 8.The position, the two poles of the earth of transparent spheroid 3 is fixed on base 1 by regulating with stationary installation 2, regulates with stationary installation 2 for regulating when mounted the elevation angle size of peeping pipe 4.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is applicable to equator northern area minute and solar term, easy for installation, at sunny night, by regulating with stationary installation 2, make the peephole 6 of peeping pipe 4 over against Polaris because Polaris is positioned on the straight line of earth earth's axis place, therefore mounted cross peep spheroid time solar term corona that pipe is transparent to peep pipe 4 place straight lines parallel with the earth earth's axis, during installation, make the South Pole S of transparent spheroid 3 in the south, arctic N is on north.Transparent spheroid 3 from the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term latitude circle to South Pole S direction successively at 5.9 degree latitude circle places marks: Clear and Bright/White Dew, at 11.47 degree latitude circle places, mark: grain rains/Limit of Heat, at 16.35 degree latitude circle places, mark: the Beginning of summer/the beginning of autumn, at 20.15 degree latitude circle places, mark: Grain Full/Great Heat, at 22.58 degree latitude circle places, mark: in Grain in Ear/Slight Heat, at 23.43 degree latitude circle places, mark: the Summer Solstice; From the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term latitude circle to arctic N direction successively at 5.9 degree latitude circle places marks: the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)/Cold Dew, at 11.47 degree latitude circle places, mark: rainwater/Frost's Descent, at 16.35 degree latitude circle places, mark: the beginning of spring/the Beginning of Winter, at 20.15 degree latitude circle places, mark: Great Cold/slight snow, at 22.58 degree latitude circle places, mark: Slight Cold/heavy snow, marks at 23.43 degree latitude circle places: Winter Solstice.At the time longitude circle vertical with observation ground ground level, by ground one side, mark: noon/12 o'clock, lean on sky one side mark: son/0 o'clock; From south orientation north, see, from son/0 o'clock time longitude circle, by counterclockwise marking successively every 15 degree: 1 o'clock, ugly/2 o'clock, 3 o'clock, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches/4 o'clock, the 5 Shi, fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches/6 o'clock, 7 o'clock, occasion/8 o'clock, 9 o'clock, the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches/10 o'clock, 11 o'clock, noon/12 o'clock, 13 o'clock, not/14 o'clock ,15Shi, Shen/16 o'clock, 17 o'clock, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches/18 o'clock, 19 o'clock, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches/20 o'clock, 21 o'clock, the last of the twelve Earthly Branches/22 o'clock, 23 o'clock.
Sunray through transparent spheroid 3, projects on the sphere of transparent spheroid 3 with the shadow of the collar 5 peeping pipe 4, by scale readout time of time warp 7 of peeping the shadow place of pipe 5, by the scale of the shadow place solar term latitude circle 8 of the collar 5, reads solar term.Compare with present technology, this programme can the random time when having solar radiation be read solar term, and need not be confined to the meridian hour.
We know, by mean solar time sun direct projection latitude on earth, in one day, remain unchanged, but in one day the longitude of subsolar point in continuous variation.If sun direct projection observation ground, it is local time the meridian hour, the time of every movement 15 degree of subsolar point longitude is 1 hour, from the warp of place, observation ground, eastwards every 15 degree be followed successively by 11 o'clock, 10 o'clock, 9 o'clock, 8 o'clock etc., westwards every 15 degree be followed successively by 13 o'clock, 14 o'clock, 15 o'clock etc., and the moving direction of the shadow of object and the moving direction of subsolar point are just in time contrary.Subsolar point latitude difference solar term is different.
This programme no matter be also advantageous in that the sun direct projection the Southern Hemisphere or the Northern Hemisphere, peep pipe 4 all can have shadow and not block with the collar 5 under the sun on sphere.
Relative motion law below by the earth and the sun is resolved, to understand technique scheme.
Position relationship between the earth and the sun is relevant with the motion of the earth, and the motion of the earth mainly contains two kinds, walks around spinning motion and the circumsolar revolution motion of the earth's axis at the two poles of the earth, north and south.It is direction counterclockwise or from West to East that earth rotation looks down from north, but tellurian the rule is is that the sun is around earth rotation, the sun on high in from east orientation west motion, time in one day is constantly changed, longitude every movement 15 degree in subsolar point place are one hour, during sun direct projection somewhere, all regions of crossing on this ground warp is all 12 o'clock high noons of local time.The ecliptic turning around great-grand father due to the earth and and between the equatorial plane of the earth, have 23.43 degree angles, the motion of the earth on ecliptic moves around subsolar point on earth between south, the tropic of Cancer like this, 1 year one-period, causes the earth to have upper one year the change in the four seasons or solar term to change.The latitude of subsolar point is different, and solar term are different, during as sun direct projection equator, are equinox solar term, during the loop line of sun direct projection north, is solar term in the Summer Solstice, generally can think that the latitude of subsolar point is constant in one day.Because the distance between the sun and the earth is far, so solar irradiation is parallel to each other to each local light on the earth, on the earth, local sunray is all parallel with that bundle sunray of point of vertical arbitrarily.Due in spheroid transparent in this programme 3 to peep pipe 4 parallel with the earth's axis, the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox, solar term latitude circle face was parallel with the equatorial plane, shine upon light on the spheroid 3 that this programme is transparent with on transparent spheroid 3 the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term latitude circle face angulation and subsolar point latitude consistent, because the direct projection latitude of the sun in one day is constant, so the shadow of this programme collar 5 moves along certain joint latitude circle on transparent spheroid 3 spheres in one day, therefore can project with the shadow of the collar 5 described in this programme the direct projection position that the scale of solar term latitude circle 8 on the sphere of transparent spheroid 3 is measured the sun, thereby mensuration solar term.Sunray is irradiated on spheroid 3 spheres that this programme is transparent time longitude circle, and point of vertical warp is corresponding on earth with sunray, can measure with the scale that peeping time longitude circle 8 on the sphere that pipe 4 shadow project transparent spheroid 3 described in this programme the direct projection longitude of the sun, thus minute.
Definite method of each solar term sun direct projection latitude number is described below in conjunction with Fig. 3, and as Fig. 3, the earth track that revolves around the sun is ecliptic, and visual ecliptic is circle, and the earth is solar term around the every mobile 15Du of sun angle on ecliptic.Ecliptic plane becomes 23.43 Du angles with earth equatorial plane, ecliptic plane and the equatorial plane meet at AB, the sun is positioned at F point place, the ecliptic center of circle, if the earth is positioned at E point place on ecliptic, if the E point under the line orthogonal projection on face is D point, cross D point and make DC perpendicular to AB, intersection point is C, linking EC，She angle AFE is θ, and θ is the angle that the sun leaves two minute day, if angle EFD is Ω, Ω is the sun latitude number of point of vertical on earth, and the geometric model in Fig. 3 is known sin Ω=sin23.43sin θ, and formula calculates the latitude number of solar term latitude circle mark thus.
Above-described embodiment is described the preferred embodiment of the present invention; not scope of the present invention is limited; design under the prerequisite of spirit not departing from the present invention; various distortion and improvement that those of ordinary skills make technical scheme of the present invention, all should fall in the definite protection domain of the claims in the present invention book.
Claims (5)
1. the spheroid time solar term corona that pipe is transparent peeped in a cross, it is characterized in that: comprise base (1), regulate and stationary installation (2), transparent spheroid (3), peep pipe (4), the collar (5), described transparent spheroid (3) and to peep pipe (4) be hollow component, transparent spheroid (3) is made by transparent material, peep pipe (4) and the collar (5) is made by colored materials, the sphere of transparent spheroid (3) is marked with one group of time warp (7), time warp (7) meets at the two poles of the earth, be denoted as South Pole S and arctic N, peeping pipe (4) passes from the two poles of the earth of transparent spheroid (3), the collar (5) is positioned to be peeped in the middle of pipe (4), the center of circle of the collar (5) overlaps with the centre of sphere of transparent spheroid (3), the limit, the two poles of the earth of transparent spheroid (3) is provided with and regulates and stationary installation (2), described transparent spheroid (3) is fixed on base (1) by regulating with stationary installation.
2. the spheroid time solar term corona that pipe is transparent peeped in cross according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: upper every 15 kilsyth basalts of described time warp (7) show 1 hour, every 30 kilsyth basalts show a division of day and night, from South Pole S, to arctic N, see, by mark successively from up to down counterclockwise: son/0 o'clock, 1 o'clock, ugly/2 o'clock, 3 o'clock, the third of the twelve Earthly Branches/4 o'clock, the 5 Shi, fourth of the twelve Earthly Branches/6 o'clock, 7 o'clock, occasion/8 o'clock, 9 o'clock, the sixth of the twelve Earthly Branches/10 o'clock, 11 o'clock, noon/12 o'clock, 13 o'clock, not/14 o'clock ,15Shi, Shen/16 o'clock, 17 o'clock, the tenth of the twelve Earthly Branches/18 o'clock, 19 o'clock, the eleventh of the twelve Earthly Branches/20 o'clock, 21 o'clock, the last of the twelve Earthly Branches/22 o'clock, 23 o'clock.
3. the spheroid time solar term corona that pipe is transparent peeped in cross according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: the sphere of described transparent spheroid (3) is marked with one group of solar term latitude circle (8), the disc of the disc of solar term latitude circle (8) and time longitude circle (7) is orthogonal, in the great circle of solar term latitude circle (8), mark: the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox, the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox, latitude circle was 0 degree latitude circle, from the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term latitude circle to South Pole S direction successively at 5.9 degree latitude circle places marks: Clear and Bright/White Dew, at 11.47 degree latitude circle places, mark: grain rains/Limit of Heat, at 16.35 degree latitude circle places, mark: the Beginning of summer/the beginning of autumn, at 20.15 degree latitude circle places, mark: Grain Full/Great Heat, at 22.58 degree latitude circle places, mark: Grain in Ear/Slight Heat, at 23.43 degree latitude circle places, mark: the Summer Solstice, from the Spring Equinox/Autumnal Equinox solar term latitude circle to arctic N direction successively at 5.9 degree latitude circle places marks: the Waking of Insects (3rd solar term)/Cold Dew, at 11.47 degree latitude circle places, mark: rainwater/Frost's Descent, at 16.35 degree latitude circle places, mark: the beginning of spring/the Beginning of Winter, at 20.15 degree latitude circle places, mark: Great Cold/slight snow, at 22.58 degree latitude circle places, mark: Slight Cold/heavy snow, marks at 23.43 degree latitude circle places: Winter Solstice.
4. the spheroid time solar term corona that pipe is transparent peeped in cross according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: peep pipe (4) through the sphere center position of transparent spheroid (3) and vertical with solar term latitude circle (8) place plane, peep in the cylinder of pipe (4) and be provided with peephole (6).
5. the spheroid time solar term corona that pipe is transparent peeped in cross according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the radius of the described collar (5) is greater than the radius of peeping pipe (4), peep pipe (4) place straight line and the collar (5) place plane is orthogonal, the collar (5) with peep pipe (4) composition decussate texture.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310494980.0A CN103513565A (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2013-10-21 | Crossed sighting tube transparent spherical time and solar term sundial |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310494980.0A CN103513565A (en) | 2013-10-21 | 2013-10-21 | Crossed sighting tube transparent spherical time and solar term sundial |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104575244A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-04-29 | 汪和平 | Solar apparent motion measurement and demonstration device and demonstration method thereof |
| CN106128267A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-11-16 | 谢冰 | A kind of sensing display solar term demonstration instrument for teaching automatically |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104575244A (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2015-04-29 | 汪和平 | Solar apparent motion measurement and demonstration device and demonstration method thereof |
| CN104575244B (en) * | 2015-02-02 | 2017-07-11 | 汪和平 | A kind of apparent motion of the sun measurement and demenstration method and its apparatus for demonstrating |
| CN106128267A (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2016-11-16 | 谢冰 | A kind of sensing display solar term demonstration instrument for teaching automatically |
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Application publication date: 20140115 |