CN103489665A - Contact material used for high-breaking low-voltage electric appliance, method for manufacturing contact material, composite contact material used for high-breaking low-voltage electric appliance and method for manufacturing composite contact material - Google Patents
Contact material used for high-breaking low-voltage electric appliance, method for manufacturing contact material, composite contact material used for high-breaking low-voltage electric appliance and method for manufacturing composite contact material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a contact material used for a high-breaking low-voltage electric appliance, a method for manufacturing the contact material, a composite contact material used for the high-breaking low-voltage electric appliance and a method for manufacturing the composite contact material, and belongs to the technical field of electrical contact materials in the low-voltage electric appliance industry and the household appliance industry. The problem that an existing copper-based contact can not meet the requirements of the low-voltage electric appliance for the limit short-circuit breaking capacity Icu and the specified running short-circuit breaking capacity Ics is solved. The contact material of the high-breaking low-voltage electric appliance is made of diamond powder, copper alloy powder, welding resistance reinforcing phases and pure copper powder through a metallurgy method. Silver-based alloy powder is combined with the contact material used for the high-breaking low-voltage electric appliance to form the composite contact material through the brush coating process. The contact material used for the high-breaking low-voltage electric appliance has the high limit short-circuit breaking capacity Icu and the high specified running short-circuit breaking capacity Ics, and the contact material used for the high-breaking low-voltage electric appliance, the method for manufacturing the contact material, the composite contact material used for the high-breaking low-voltage electric appliance and the method for manufacturing the composite contact material are used for the electrical contact materials in the low-voltage electric appliance industry and the household appliance industry.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the electric contact material technical field of low voltage electrical apparatus industry and household electrical appliance industry, be exactly contact material and preparation method thereof for a kind of high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus specifically, and the high breaking, high-performance, the silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus of the joint composite contact material that adopt the high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus to be composited as matrix and silver-base alloy with contact material, and the preparation method of composite contact material.
Background technology
In current disclosed patent family and the contact material applied, a class is to take the Ag-based electrical contact material that silver is principal component, and another kind of is to take the copper-based electrical contact material that copper is principal component.
The Ag-based electrical contact material that the silver of take is principal component has good conductivity, thermal conductivity, there is the characteristics such as contact resistance is little, oxidation resistance is strong, be widely used in low voltage electrical apparatus industry as electric contact material, as contact materials such as siller tin oxide, Ag-ZnO, silver-colored nickel, silver-colored rare earths.But, along with the development of national economy, low-voltage electrical apparatus is on the increase, the silver consumption increases year by year, and China and global silver shortage of resources and expensive have restricted the development of money base low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material.
The copper-based electrical contact material that the copper of take is principal component at present successful Application to low voltage electrical apparatus industry, as described as the patent No. 94102452.0 " copper base low voltage electric contact material " applies nearly ten years on miniature circuit breaker, breaker of plastic casing, obtained good economic and social benefit.This contact has solved anti-welding problems to a certain extent, but also found that in the prolonged application process its limit short circuit breaking capacity (Icu) only has 25KA, limited in the low-voltage electrical apparatus of ask for something high breaking capacity and applied, the particularly application in Novel plastic shell formula circuit breaker and small-sized high score circuit breaker, these novel circuit breaker volumes are less, and breaking capacity but increases substantially.
In addition, in order to save silver consuming amount and to keep the electric property of contact, the silver-copper composite contactor material also occurs thereupon.The common practice is that the modes such as conventional silver based contact material is compound by hot rolling, blast are compound on no-oxygen copper plate.Although this composite material has reduced silver-colored consumption, but there is a fatal defect, be that the matrix no-oxygen copper plate does not possess anti-melting welding ability, can't meet the requirement of low-voltage electrical apparatus to limit short circuit breaking capacity (Icu) and specified operation short circuit breaking capacity (Ics), have great potential safety hazard.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide contact material and preparation method, composite contact material and preparation method for the high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus for the high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus.The high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus possesses high limit short circuit breaking capacity (Icu) and specified operation short circuit breaking capacity (Ics) with contact material, this material not only can be used as the low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material separately, solve the not high weakness of current copper base contact breaking capacity, meet the requirement of higher level low-voltage electrical apparatus.The high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus carries out compound preparation with contact material and silver based contact material and has high breaking, high performance compound contact material, take into account the multiple requesting of excellent electrical properties, high breaking capacity and joint silver, with the requirement that meets high-end electrical equipment and save silver-colored environmental protection.
High breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus of the present invention is made by the pure copper powder of 0.01%～10.0% diamond dust, 40%～60% copper alloy powder, 0.05%～15% anti-melting welding wild phase and surplus by weight percentage with contact material.
Described copper alloy powder adopts the water atomization method (please describe in detail copper alloy powder step and parameter by 0.01%～20% alloyed powder and 80%～99.9% cathode copper by weight percentage, simply writing water atomization likely discloses insufficient, can't supplement later, it is below the method that I find, inappropriate place please be revised: hydraulic atomized is that alloyed powder and cathode copper are melted in smelting furnace, the overheated 50 degree left and right of golden liquid palpus after fusing, then inject tundish.Start to start high-pressure hydraulic pump before golden liquid injects, allow the high-pressure water mist gasifying device start workpiece.Golden liquid in tundish, through line, enters atomizer by leting slip a remark of the end of bag.Under the effect of the water under high pressure from atomizer, golden liquid constantly is broken into tiny drop, falls into the cooling fluid of device, and fast liquid is frozen into alloy powder.) make a kind of in silver, lanthanum, cerium, dysprosium, samarium, yttrium, ytterbium, zirconium, aluminium, chromium, tin, zinc, tellurium, the nickel of alloyed powder or wherein several combination; When alloyed powder is composition, between each component, be mixed by any ratio.Copper alloy powder forms high breaking and saves contact material third phase constituent element for silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus, substitute the cadmium element of being forbidden by RoHS Directive, play and improve electrical contact surface liquid phase and solid phase adhesive force, reduce the formation and spreading of contact surface and contact matrix cracking, finally reach the effect that reduces the electric arc etch.
The high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus is copper with the main electric conducting material of contact material, is the core constituent element of contact material, and copper has good electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, is applicable to being applied to the matrix of contact material.
Described anti-melting welding wild phase is a kind of in lanthanum sesquioxide, cerium sesquioxide, Dysprosium trioxide, samarium sesquioxide, yttria, yttria, zinc oxide, cupric oxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, indium oxide, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, graphite, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, carborundum or wherein several combination, when anti-melting welding wild phase is composition, between each component, be mixed by any ratio.Save contact material the 4th phase constituent element for silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus as high breaking, play the ability that significantly improves the contact resistance fusion welding, increases electrical contact endurance.
The purity of described diamond dust is greater than the 99%(quality), particle diameter 0.1 μ m ~ 5 μ m.
The granularity of described copper alloy powder is less than 200 orders.
The high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus carries out in the steps below by the preparation method of contact material:
The pure copper powder of step 1, the diamond dust by 0.01%～10.0%, 40%～60% copper alloy powder, 0.05%～15% anti-melting welding wild phase and surplus is mixed, and is placed at ball milling 6h～12h in the high energy ball mill under argon shield, obtains mixed powder;
Ball milling is pulverized bulky grain copper alloy powder and pure copper powder, makes bortz powder approach and mix with pure copper powder, copper alloy powder and anti-melting welding wild phase particle diameter, thereby overcomes the resistance fusion welding difference that the composition skewness causes.
Step 2, the mixed powder that step 1 is obtained are made cylindric stock by the isostatic cool pressing method, and the isostatic cool pressing system is: pressure is 100～280MPa, pressurize 5～10min;
Step 3, stock carry out sintering processes under vacuum, 700～1300 ℃ of sintering temperatures, temperature retention time 30～120min;
Stock after step 4, sintering is at 700～1200 ℃ of lower hot extrusion moldings, then is rolled or drawing processing, then is machined into required contact shape, obtains high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material.
It is copper with the main electric conducting material of contact material that high breaking saves silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus, is the core constituent element of contact material, and copper has good electric conductivity and thermal conductivity, is applicable to being applied to the matrix of contact material.
The second-phase constituent element is diamond.Diamond is the highest material of occurring in nature thermal conductivity, and thermal conductivity reaches 138.16 Wm
-1k
-1, there is the characteristic of fusing point high (3700 ℃), high rigidity simultaneously.The present invention adds by second-phase constituent element bortz powder, except playing the effect of arc resistant etch and anti-contact melting welding, also plays the dispersion-strengtherning skeleton, make contact material electrically contact with arcing under still there is higher hardness and higher fusing point.Further research shows, diamond is a kind of desirable reducing agent, no matter be that the diamond of simple substance state or the carbon monoxide transformed after the arcing burning are all stronger reducing agents, the copper oxide reduction that electrical contact surface can be generated becomes cuprous oxide or metal simple-substance copper, has guaranteed the conductivity that contact material is good.Simultaneously, because adamantine thermal conductive resin has played the heat of accelerating electric arc is produced, conduct to crane span structure, reduce the effect of contact surface temperature, meet the requirement of electrical equipment type approval test temperature rise.
The third phase constituent element is some metallic elements.These metallic elements and copper matrix form alloy, effect in contact material is mainly to play surface tension and wetting action at electrical contact surface, reach the purpose that reduces the electric arc etch, and play in the liquid metal pool that is subject to form the arc energy effect from electrical contact surface, regulate the distribution of each constituent element in contact material and flow and compound form control, reaching the purpose that reduces contact melting welding.
The 4th phase constituent element is oxide, refractory metal or carbide.The key effect added of these oxides, refractory metal or carbide is the weld strength that reduces melting welding under the contact arcing, greatly improves the resistance fusion welding of contact material.Have in addition and increase the viscosity that electrical contact surface is subject to the liquid state of molten pool metal that forms under the arc energy effect, thereby reduce liquid metal, splash and increase the effect of electric life.Although in the situation that contact break-make repeatedly, oxide or carbide can be deposited on contact surface and cause resistance to raise, but because the gas that the diamond particles of contact electric interface is burnt under arcing can be removed the contact surface deposit, thereby the cleaning of contact material surface and good conductivity have been guaranteed.The 4th phase constituent element is the key that significantly improves the contact material breaking capacity.
Three, the 4th phase constituent element add the breaking capacity that has greatly improved material of the present invention, and overcome the pollution of cadmium to environment.The high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus is more than 70KA with contact material limit short circuit breaking capacity.
Each phase constituent element acting in conjunction increases substantially the contact resistance fusion welding, namely improves breaking capacity.
In the present invention, high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus composite contact material is to be processed into sheet material by the pure copper powder of 0.01%～10.0% diamond dust, 40%～60% copper alloy powder, 0.05%～15% anti-melting welding wild phase and surplus by powder metallurgy process by weight percentage, and then by the silver-base alloy powder, by brushing, technique and sheet material is composited; Described copper alloy powder adopts the water atomization method to make by 0.01%～20% alloyed powder and 80%～99.9% cathode copper by weight percentage, a kind of in silver, lanthanum, cerium, dysprosium, samarium, yttrium, ytterbium, zirconium, aluminium, chromium, tin, zinc, tellurium, nickel of alloyed powder or wherein several combination, when alloyed powder is composition, between each component, be mixed by any ratio; Described anti-melting welding wild phase is a kind of in lanthanum sesquioxide, cerium sesquioxide, Dysprosium trioxide, samarium sesquioxide, yttria, yttria, zinc oxide, cupric oxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, indium oxide, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, graphite, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, carborundum or wherein several combination, when anti-melting welding wild phase is composition, between each component, be mixed by any ratio.
Described silver-base alloy powder is comprised of 0.05%～15% additive and 85%～99.95% fine silver powder by weight percentage; Additive is a kind of in tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, copper, nickel, tellurium, lanthanum, cerium, dysprosium, samarium, yttrium, ytterbium, zirconium, lanthanum sesquioxide, cerium sesquioxide, Dysprosium trioxide, samarium sesquioxide, yttria, yttria, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, cupric oxide, tungsten carbide, boron carbide, carborundum, diamond, graphite or wherein several combination.When additive is composition, between each component, be mixed by any ratio.
Described high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus carries out in the steps below by the composite contact material preparation method:
One, diamond dust by 0.01%～10.0%, 40%～60% copper alloy powder, the pure copper powder of 0.05%～15% anti-melting welding wild phase and surplus is mixed, be placed at ball milling 6h～12h in the high energy ball mill under argon shield, make cylindric stock by the isostatic cool pressing method, the isostatic cool pressing system is: pressure is 100～280MPa, pressurize 5～10min, stock carries out sintering processes under vacuum, 700～1300 ℃ of sintering temperatures, temperature retention time 30～120min, stock after sintering is at 700～1200 ℃ of lower hot extrusion moldings, be rolled into again sheet material, then blasting treatment plate surface,
Two, the silver-base alloy powder is modulated into pulpous state with absolute ethyl alcohol or distilled water and makes the silver alloy slurry, then be coated on treated plate surface, be placed in argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere and carry out just sintering, first sintering temperature is 700 ℃～960 ℃, and the temperature retention time of first sintering is 5～30min;
Three, cooling rear continuation is brushed the silver alloy slurry in the one side of brushing silver alloy, and at 500 ℃～800 ℃ knot 5～30min that reburned, and repeats to brush and sintering process again, until reach contact material silver alloy thickness requirement;
Four, then cold rolling or under argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere hot rolling, make it to reach specific thickness;
Five, the material after rolling is placed in argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere carries out whole sintering, and whole sintering temperature is 350 ℃～500 ℃, and temperature retention time is 15～30min; Obtain high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus composite contact material.
Each silver powder of brushing in the mixed-powder slurry adopted can be different from the additive ratio.When different, can make the gradient composite contact material, thereby adapt to demand in particular cases.
Adopt high breaking to save silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus and pass through the compound certain thickness silver-base alloy layer of spread coating with contact material as matrix, formation high breaking joint, high-performance silver environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus composite contact material, its advantage has been thoroughly to overcome the specified operation short circuit breaking capacity of conventional silver cuprum composite contact material and the low shortcoming of limit short circuit breaking capacity, prepared contact electrical property under regular service conditions is equal to silver-based contact, specified operation short circuit breaking capacity and limit short circuit breaking capacity are equal to high breaking and save silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material, when low-voltage electrical apparatus in normal working conditions, what work is the silver-base alloy layer, so under this operating mode, this material has the performance identical with silver-based contact, and specified operation short circuit and limit short circuit condition of work lower time, ag alloy layer will be consumed rapidly, no longer cut any ice, what at this moment play breaking capacity is matrix, be that high breaking saves silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material, therefore composite material possesses with this understanding with high breaking and saves specified operation short circuit breaking capacity and the limit short circuit breaking capacity that silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus is identical with contact material, thereby has really realized the purpose of the silver-colored and environmental protection of under the prerequisite that does not reduce electrical property joint.Composite contact limit short circuit breaking capacity is more than 70KA.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in detail again.
Embodiment one: in present embodiment, high breaking joint low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material obtains by following step:
Step 1, by 37.7kg electrolytic copper powder, 60kg copper alloy powder (copper alloy powder adopts the water atomization method to make by 0.80% lanthanum, 0.35% zirconium, 0.65% aluminium and surplus cathode copper), tungsten powder 1.0kg, with the 1.3kg bortz powder under argon shield on high energy ball mill ball milling 8 hours, obtain mixed powder;
Step 2, obtained mixed-powder is put into to rubber mold make the cylindric stock of diameter 100mm by the method for isostatic cool pressing; The isostatic cool pressing system is: pressure: 280MPa, dwell time: 10min;
Step 3, stock carry out sintering processes under vacuum condition, 1220 ℃ of sintering temperatures, temperature retention time 180min;
Stock after step 4, sintering, at 900 ℃ of lower hot extrusion moldings, obtains the extrudate that thickness is 4mm;
Step 5, by extrudate after being rolled down to given size, press
product sizecarry out punching press, obtain the contact finished product.
The performance of contact for the high breaking joint low-voltage electrical apparatus of present embodiment: density 8.61g/cm
3, resistivity 2.24 μ Ω cm, hardness 900Mpa, limit short circuit breaking capacity is 70kA, specified operation short circuit breaking capacity is 52.5kA.
Embodiment two: in present embodiment, high breaking joint low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material obtains by following step:
Step 1, by 37.7kg electrolytic copper powder, 60kg copper alloy powder (copper alloy powder adopts the water atomization method to make by the copper of 0.80% lanthanum, 0.50% aluminium and surplus), 0.8kg samarium sesquioxide and 1.5kg bortz powder under argon shield on high energy ball mill ball milling 10 hours, obtain mixed powder;
Step 2, obtained mixed-powder is put into to rubber mold make the cylindric stock of diameter 100mm by the method for isostatic cool pressing, the isostatic cool pressing system is: pressure is 250MPa, pressurize 10min;
Step 3, stock carry out sintering processes under vacuum condition, 1150 ℃ of sintering temperatures, temperature retention time 210min;
Stock after step 4, sintering, at 950 ℃ of lower hot extrusion moldings, obtains the extrudate that thickness is 4mm;
Step 5, extrudate is rolled down to given size after, carry out punch process by product size, obtain the contact finished product.
The performance of contact for the high breaking joint low-voltage electrical apparatus of present embodiment: density 8.53g/cm
3, resistivity 2.28 μ Ω cm, hardness 890Mpa, limit short circuit breaking capacity is 75kA, specified operation short circuit breaking capacity is 56kA.
The electrical property of " copper base low voltage electric contact material " that the contrast patent No. 94102452.0 is prepared, with diamond 1.3%, cadmium 1.5%, the composition of copper surplus consists of example, and its performance is density: 8.56g/cm
3, resistivity: 2.24 μ Ω cm, hardness: 860Mpa, limit short circuit breaking capacity is 25kA, specified operation short circuit breaking capacity is 18 kA.And the prepared contact material performance of the embodiment of the present invention 2 is: density: 8.53g/cm
3, resistivity: 2.28 μ Ω cm, hardness: 930Mpa, limit short circuit breaking capacity is 75kA, specified operation short circuit breaking capacity is 56kA.The breaking capacity of contact material of the present invention, far above the patent No. 94102452.0 described " copper base low voltage electric contact material ", has kept lower resistance and higher hardness simultaneously as can be seen here, and meets the requirement of the RoHs of European Union instruction.Can be applied in the low-voltage electrical apparatus that breaking capacity is had higher requirements.
Embodiment three: in present embodiment, high breaking joint low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material obtains by following step:
Step 1, by 38.7kg electrolytic copper powder, 60kg copper alloy powder (copper alloy powder adopts the water atomization method to make by the copper of 0.40% lanthanum, 0.80% tellurium and surplus), 0.3kg Dysprosium trioxide, 0.5kg tungsten powder and 0.5kg bortz powder under argon shield on high energy ball mill ball milling 12 hours, obtain mixed powder;
Step 2, obtained mixed-powder is put into to rubber mold make the cylindric stock of diameter 100mm by the method for isostatic cool pressing, the isostatic cool pressing system is: pressure is 280MPa, pressurize 10min;
Step 3, stock carry out sintering processes under vacuum, 1250 ℃ of sintering temperatures, temperature retention time 120min;
Stock after step 4, sintering, at 950 ℃ of lower hot extrusion moldings, obtains
thickness is 4mmextrudate;
Step 5, by after extrudate rolling or drawing processing, press
product sizecarry out machining.
The performance of contact for the high breaking joint low-voltage electrical apparatus of present embodiment: density 8.55g/cm
3, resistivity 2.26 μ Ω cm, hardness 850Mpa, limit short circuit breaking capacity is 72kA, specified operation short circuit breaking capacity is 54kA.
Embodiment four: in present embodiment, high breaking joint low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material obtains by following step:
Step 1, by 38.9kg electrolytic copper powder, 60kg copper alloy powder (copper alloy powder is that the copper of 0.4% lanthanum, 0.4% zirconium and surplus adopts the water atomization method to make), 0.3kg Dysprosium trioxide, 0.5kg boron carbide and 0.3kg bortz powder under argon shield on high energy ball mill ball milling 12 hours, obtain mixed powder;
Step 2, obtained mixed-powder is put into to rubber mold make the cylindric stock of diameter 100mm by the method for isostatic cool pressing, the isostatic cool pressing system is: pressure is 280MPa, pressurize 5min;
Step 3, stock carry out sintering processes under vacuum, 1250 ℃ of sintering temperatures, temperature retention time 120min;
Stock after step 4, sintering, at 930 ℃ of lower hot extrusion moldings, obtains the extrusion plate that specific thickness is 4mm;
Step 5, by after extrudate rolling or drawing processing, carry out machining by product size.
The performance of contact for the high breaking joint low-voltage electrical apparatus of present embodiment: density 8.58g/cm
3, resistivity 2.25 μ Ω cm, hardness 880Mpa, limit short circuit breaking capacity is 75kA, specified operation short circuit breaking capacity is 56kA.
Embodiment five: in present embodiment, high breaking saves silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus composite contact material and obtains by following step:
Step 1, the 1.0kg tin oxide that is 1～1.5 μ m silver powder, same particle diameter by the average grain diameter of 9.0kg mix, and add 10L distilled water to stir and disperse the 5min clock in ultrasonic disperser, make silver-tin alloy slurry.
Step 2, the high breaking of embodiment two preparation is saved to silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus and carries out blasting treatment with a surface of contact material sheet material after, silver-tin alloy slurry is brushed thereon uniformly, brushing thickness is 10～15 μ m, under 105 ℃, dries.
Step 3, the sheet material after drying, be placed on special-purpose shelf, puts into sintering furnace and carry out just sintering under argon shield.Just sintering temperature is 850 ℃, and temperature retention time is 10min.
The cooling rear continuation of the band of step 4, first sintering is brushed silver-tin alloy slurry on the surface of brushing silver alloy uniformly, and brushing thickness is 10～15 μ m, under 105 ℃, dries.
Step 5, the sheet material after drying, be placed on special-purpose shelf, puts into sintering furnace and carry out sintering again under argon shield.Sintering temperature is 750 ℃ again, and temperature retention time is 10min.
Step 6, repeating step four and step 5, make silver close layer thickness and account for 20% of gross thickness.
Step 7, composite board is cold rolling, be rolled down to required thickness.
Step 8, will after cold rolling, carry out whole sintering by composite material, whole sintering temperature is 450 ℃, and temperature retention time is 30min.
The shape that composite material after step 9, whole sintering can be customer requirement with the punch press stamping-out.
The performance of composite contact for the high breaking joint low-voltage electrical apparatus of present embodiment: global density 8.87g/cm
3, resistivity 2.06 μ Ω cm, hardness 700Mpa; The electrical performance indexes such as electric life, temperature rise is equal to and siller tin oxide 10 contacts, and limit short circuit breaking capacity is 75 kA, and specified operation short circuit breaking capacity is 56kA, is applicable to substitute siller tin oxide 10 contact materials.
Embodiment six: in present embodiment, high breaking saves silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus composite contact material and obtains by following step:
Step 1, high breaking prepared by embodiment tri-save silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus and become with the contact material plate rolling sheet material that thickness is 1.0mm, and selected one side is carried out sandblast and clean as composite surface.
Step 2, by 1.8kg, 1.7kg, 1.6kg, 1.5kg, 1.4kg average grain diameter, be that 1～1.5 μ m silver powder mixes with 0.2kg, 0.3 kg, 0.4kg, 0.5kg, the 0.6kg nickel powder of same particle diameter respectively, make 5 parts of nickel content and be respectively 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% silver-nickel powder, add respectively the 200mL absolute ethyl alcohol and stirring and disperse 5 minutes in the ultrasonic wave separating apparatus, making 5 parts of silver-nickel slurries.
Step 3, first by nickel content, be that 10% silver-nickel slurry is brushed uniformly in embodiment three high breaking after surface sand-blasting is processed and saved silver-colored environment-friendly type low-voltage electrical apparatus and treat on composite surface with contact material, brushing thickness is 10～15 μ m, under 105 ℃, dries.
Step 4, the sheet material after drying, be placed on special-purpose shelf, puts into sintering furnace and carry out just sintering under argon shield.Just sintering temperature is 800 ℃, and temperature retention time is 15 minutes.
Step 5, by nickel content, be that 15% silver-nickel slurry is brushed uniformly on the sheet material composite surface after cooling, brushing thickness is 10～15 μ m, under 105 ℃, dries.
Step 6, the sheet material after drying, be placed on special-purpose shelf, puts into sintering furnace and carry out sintering again under argon shield.Sintering temperature is 750 ℃ again, and temperature retention time is 10 minutes.
Step 7, repeating step five and step 6, the silver-nickel slurry that order from low to high is 20%, 25%, 30% by nickel content respectively by nickel content is brushed on composite surface.Thereby form the gradient composites that in the silver-nickel layer, nickel content starts to raise successively from composite surface, five layer thicknesses that are equivalent to start to form from composite bed silver-colored nickel 10, silver-colored nickel 15, silver-colored nickel 20, silver-colored nickel 25, silver-colored nickel 30 compositions are respectively 10 ~ 15 μ m gradient ag alloy layers.
Step 8, composite board is cold rolling, the required thickness of rolling.
Step 9, will after cold rolling, carry out whole sintering by composite material, whole sintering temperature is 420 ℃, and temperature retention time is 30 minutes.
The performance of composite contact for the high breaking joint low-voltage electrical apparatus of present embodiment: global density 8.75g/cm
3, resistivity 2.16 μ Ω cm, hardness 720Mpa, limit short circuit breaking capacity is 72kA, specified operation short circuit breaking capacity is 54kA.
Claims (9)
1. high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material, is characterized in that what the high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus was made by the pure copper powder of 0.01%～10.0% diamond dust, 40%～60% copper alloy powder, 0.05%～15% anti-melting welding wild phase and surplus by weight percentage with contact material.
2. high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described copper alloy powder adopts the water atomization method to make by 0.01%～20% alloyed powder and 80%～99.9% cathode copper by weight percentage, a kind of in silver, lanthanum, cerium, dysprosium, samarium, yttrium, ytterbium, zirconium, aluminium, chromium, tin, zinc, tellurium, nickel of alloyed powder or wherein several combination.
3. high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described anti-melting welding wild phase is a kind of in lanthanum sesquioxide, cerium sesquioxide, Dysprosium trioxide, samarium sesquioxide, yttria, yttria, zinc oxide, cupric oxide, tin oxide, cadmium oxide, indium oxide, tungsten, molybdenum, vanadium, graphite, boron carbide, tungsten carbide, carborundum or wherein several combination.
4. high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the purity of described diamond dust is greater than the 99%(quality), the particle diameter of diamond dust is 0.1 μ m ~ 5 μ m.
5. high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material according to claim 1, is characterized in that the granularity of described copper alloy powder is less than 200 orders.
6. the preparation method of contact material for high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus carries out in the steps below by the preparation method of contact material:
(1) pure copper powder of step 1, the diamond dust by 0.01%～10.0%, 40%～60% copper alloy powder, 0.05%～15% anti-melting welding wild phase and surplus is mixed, be placed at ball milling 6h～12h in the high energy ball mill under argon shield, obtain mixed powder;
Step 2, the mixed powder that step 1 is obtained are made cylindric stock by the isostatic cool pressing method, and the isostatic cool pressing system is: pressure is 100～280MPa, pressurize 5～10min;
Step 3, stock carry out sintering processes under vacuum, 700～1300 ℃ of sintering temperatures, temperature retention time 30～120min;
Stock after step 4, sintering is at 700～1200 ℃ of lower hot extrusion moldings, then is rolled or drawing processing, then is machined into required contact shape, obtains high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus contact material.
7. high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus composite contact material, it is characterized in that high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus composite contact material is to be processed into sheet material by the fine copper of 0.01%～10.0% diamond dust, 40%～60% copper alloy powder, 0.05%～15% anti-melting welding wild phase and surplus by the powder metallurgical method by weight percentage, then by the silver-base alloy powder, by brushing, technique and sheet material is composited.
8. high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus composite contact material according to claim 7, it is characterized in that described silver-base alloy powder is comprised of 0.05%～15% additive and 85%～99.95% fine silver powder by weight percentage, described additive is tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, copper, nickel, tellurium, lanthanum, cerium, dysprosium, samarium, yttrium, ytterbium, zirconium, lanthanum sesquioxide, cerium sesquioxide, Dysprosium trioxide, samarium sesquioxide, yttria, yttria, zinc oxide, tin oxide, indium oxide, cupric oxide, tungsten carbide, boron carbide, carborundum, diamond, a kind of in graphite or wherein several combination.
9. high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus composite contact material preparation method as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that described high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus carries out in the steps below by the composite contact material preparation method:
One, diamond dust by 0.01%～10.0%, 40%～60% copper alloy powder, the pure copper powder of 0.05%～15% anti-melting welding wild phase and surplus is mixed, be placed at ball milling 6h～12h in the high energy ball mill under argon shield, make cylindric stock by the isostatic cool pressing method, the isostatic cool pressing system is: pressure is 100～280MPa, pressurize 5～10min, stock carries out sintering processes under vacuum, 700～1300 ℃ of sintering temperatures, temperature retention time 30～120min, stock after sintering is at 700～1200 ℃ of lower hot extrusion moldings, be rolled into again sheet material, then blasting treatment plate surface,
Two, the silver-base alloy powder is modulated into pulpous state with absolute ethyl alcohol or distilled water and makes the silver alloy slurry, then be coated on treated plate surface, be placed in argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere and carry out just sintering, first sintering temperature is 700 ℃～960 ℃, and the temperature retention time of first sintering is 5～30min;
Three, cooling rear continuation is brushed the silver alloy slurry in the one side of brushing silver alloy, and at 500 ℃～800 ℃ knot 5～30min that reburned, and repeats to brush and sintering process again, until reach contact material silver alloy thickness requirement;
Four, then cold rolling or under argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere hot rolling, make it to reach specific thickness;
Five, the material after rolling is placed in argon gas or nitrogen atmosphere carries out whole sintering, and whole sintering temperature is 350 ℃～500 ℃, and temperature retention time is 15～30min; Obtain high breaking low-voltage electrical apparatus composite contact material.
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