CN103430761B - Method for increasing seedling survival rate of mucuna sempervirens - Google Patents
Method for increasing seedling survival rate of mucuna sempervirens Download PDFInfo
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- CN103430761B CN103430761B CN201310412831.5A CN201310412831A CN103430761B CN 103430761 B CN103430761 B CN 103430761B CN 201310412831 A CN201310412831 A CN 201310412831A CN 103430761 B CN103430761 B CN 103430761B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for increasing the seedling survival rate of mucuna sempervirens, belonging to the field of plant breeding. The method comprises the steps of collecting seeds in the last ten-day period of October, storing in sand at normal temperature; soaking the seeds in clear water, selecting the seeds sinking to the bottom, removing seeds floating on the water; soaking the seeds selected through cleaning; soaking for 2h by using 0.5 percent potassium permanganate; forming a hole in the just middle part of the hilum on the side surface of each seed by splitting; flatly laying the treated seeds on a wet cotton gauge for carrying out seed stratification; peeling seed coats of the germinated seeds; when the seeds are sown, setting up an overshadowing shed in a sowing land. According to the method, the seeds are germinated through steps of seed soaking, disinfecting, cleaning, germination accelerating and the like, thus the germination period is shortened, and the purposes of aligning and strengthening of seedlings, high bud ratio and high survival rate of transplanting are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to breeding plant field, in particular to a kind of method improving evergreen mucuna stem sowing survival rate.
Background technology
Evergreen mucuna stem, be the evergreen wooden large liana of pulse family Mucuna, cane is sturdy, and stem length can reach more than 30m.Pinniform trifoliolate leaf, alternate, keratin, terminal leaflet ovum shape is oval, and the raw leaflet in side is tiltedly avette, Quan Yuan.The florescence 4-5 month, spend large butterfly, darkviolet.Being suitable for seeking connections with place's growths such as building, enclosure wall, abrupt slope, crag, is the excellent liane of vertical greening.
Along with the development of China's vertical greening cause, day by day vigorous to the demand of excellent Climbing Plant.But the whole nation only has some enterprises of only a few to carry out the breeding work of Climbing Plant at present, and its output can not meet far away needed for market.Evergreen mucuna stem is evergreen with its four seasons, it is numerous and beautiful to spend, and growth rapidly, covers one of advantage first-selected plant becoming vertical greening such as close.The seed propagation method bud ratio of current routine often below 20%, and from being seeded into the general needs more than 3 months that sprout, wasting a large amount of human and material resources and time, seriously constraining the extensive use of these fine tree species.
Existing evergreen mucuna stem has the modes such as wet Tibetan, directly sowing, refrigeration.Find that He Zheng Die discloses evergreen mucuna stem seed propagation technology in 2004 in its Master's thesis " the seedling breeding technology of evergreen mucuna stem and raw material application study " according to retrieval, comprise the following steps: namely the seed of evergreen mucuna stem germinates after adopting, average germination percentage is 40.56%, and most high germination rate is 60%.There is pole significant difference in the germination rate of different stored manner after storage, and wherein the germination rate of sand at normal temperature Tibetan is the highest, and average germination percentage is 22.22%; The germination rate of refrigeration is minimum, and average germination percentage is 3.33%.Germinate after broken to evergreen mucuna stem seed shelling in the process of normal temperature storage, germination rate is up to 60%.This experimental implementation is extensive, and lack concrete operation step to evergreen mucuna stem large-scale production, germination rate is the highest 60%, and easily makes after evergreen mucuna stem is sprouted and produce rhizome and to go rotten phenomenon, and final transplanting survival rate will lower than 60%.
Xie Yueying etc. disclose the sowing test of Zhejiang paohwashanica Mucuna at " Chinese herbal medicine " the 9th phase the 30th volume in 1999, paohwashanica Mucuna and evergreen mucuna stem all belong to Mucuna plant, but be not same kind, therefore the sowing of this experiment to evergreen mucuna stem has certain reference.This experiment adopts direct type of seeding, and half a year, seed was not sprouted, and adopt mechanical germination accelerating method, seed germination rate is up to 87%.But this experiment operates at normal temperatures, seed is relatively long to the time that can transplant from sprouting, and because operating procedure is extensive, lack concrete operations directive significance to large-scale production, the survival rate after transplanting will lower than 87%.
In sum, the amount reproduction of evergreen mucuna stem has extremely important economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits, is therefore innovated existing evergreen mucuna stem type of seeding, improves sowing survival rate, seems particularly important.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention, by innovating traditional evergreen mucuna stem seeding technique, obtains the propagation method that can ensure its high-servival rate.By implementation and operation, the inventive method can significantly improve evergreen mucuna stem sowing survival rate, solve evergreen mucuna stem for a long time sprout difficulty, survive low problem.
Based on this, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of applicable evergreen mucuna stem large-scale production, with low cost, simple and easy to do, be easy to promote seed propagation method.
For realizing object of the present invention, inventor is by focusing on the mode of sowing flow process, and creatively propose a kind of method improving evergreen mucuna stem sowing survival rate, the method is carried out according to the following steps:
1) mid or late October evergreen mucuna stem seed maturity gather, seed and fine sand mixed room temperature are stored, keep sand humidity 70-80%;
2) 2-3 month spring in next year, seed is taken out cleaning 2-3 time, select the seed sunk under water, reject the seed swimming in the water surface;
3) will cleaning select after the seed water logging kind of 60-70 DEG C, soak time is 48-60 hour, is initial temperature, lets alone at room temperature cooling naturally, within every 24 hours, change a 25-30 DEG C of clear water during immersion with design temperature;
4) within 2 hours, carry out disinfection with the liquor potassic permanganate immersion seed of 0.5%, then rinse seed 2-3 time with clear water;
5) cut open along brown or black ventral suture place with the position, middle (opposite end of radicle and plumule) of pocket knife at the side of the seed hilum, openning length is about the 1/3-2/3 of ventral suture length, is advisable, does not hurt embryo just to scratch seed coat;
6) be more than 80% in indoor humidity, in the space of room temperature 20-30 DEG C, the orlop one deck that tiles wets cotton gauze, cotton gauze thickness is advisable with 1-2cm, wet cotton gauze tiles the seed after one deck process, then covers one deck thereon and to wet cotton gauze then the seed after one deck process of tiling, carry out lamination by that analogy to bank up vernalization, finally use the moisturizing of layer 2-3 covered rearing with plastic film again;
7) humidity of cotton gauze is observed every day, dry then water, about 7-10 days seed sprouting;
8) after seed germination, if within 3-5 days, have no new seed germination continuously, germination rate statistics is stopped;
9) seed coat of the seed sprouted is peelled off, then the seed after process is moved in ground and plant;
10) should be fertile soil, well-drained sandy loam or peat soil to sowing, before seedling grows to 30cm, set up the shed that shelters from heat or light, be beneficial to its growth.
Preferably, the method for above-mentioned raising evergreen mucuna stem sowing survival rate, in wherein said step 1), the volume ratio of seed and fine sand is 1:3-5.
Preferably, the method for above-mentioned raising evergreen mucuna stem sowing survival rate, moved in ground by the seed after process in wherein said step 9) and plant, thickness of earth covering is 2-5cm.
Compared with prior art, the evergreen mucuna stem type of seeding that the present invention relates to has following technique effect and significant progress:
(1) method provided by the invention is than traditional direct sowing, and the steps such as process of sheltering from heat or light after adding the Tibetan moisturizing of room temperature sand, high temperature vernalization, potassium permanganate sterilization, mechanical treatment vernalization, stratification, germination, contribute to improving germination rate and transplanting survival rate.
(2) the method specified in more detail provided by the invention collecting time of seed, room temperature sand to hide after moisturizing, cleaning screening, high temperature vernalization, potassium permanganate sterilization, mechanical treatment vernalization, stratification, germination the steps such as Shading treatment, sow survival rate provide and instruct measure for guarantee evergreen mucuna stem.
(3) in method provided by the invention, additional materials used is drawn materials conveniently.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below by embodiment.It should be understood that the method for the embodiment of the present invention is only used for the present invention is described, instead of limitation of the present invention, under concept thereof of the present invention, all the scope of protection of present invention is belonged to simple modifications of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In October, 2012, carry out the sowing test of evergreen mucuna stem, often organize Tests Seeds 100, set 5 repetitions.
1) mid or late October evergreen mucuna stem seed maturity gather, seed and fine sand mixed room temperature are stored, keep sand humidity 70-80%;
2) late Febuary in next year, seed is taken out cleaning 2 times, select the seed sunk under water, reject the seed swimming in the water surface;
3) will cleaning select after the seed water logging kind of 60 ± 2 DEG C, soak time is 48 hours, during immersion with 60 ± 2 DEG C for initial temperature, let alone at room temperature cooling naturally, within every 24 hours, change 25 ± 2 DEG C of clear water;
4) within 2 hours, carry out disinfection with the liquor potassic permanganate immersion seed of 0.5%, then rinse seed 2 times with clear water;
5) cut a mouth at the position, middle (opposite end of radicle and plumule) of the side of the seed hilum along brown or black ventral suture place with pocket knife, openning length is about 1/3 of ventral suture length, is advisable, does not hurt embryo just to scratch seed coat;
6) be more than 80% in indoor humidity, in the space of room temperature 20-30 DEG C, the orlop one deck that tiles wets cotton gauze, cotton gauze thickness is with 1cm, wet cotton gauze tiles the seed after one deck process, then covers one deck thereon and to wet cotton gauze then the seed after one deck process of tiling, carry out lamination by that analogy to bank up vernalization, finally use 2 layers of covered rearing with plastic film moisturizing again;
7) humidity of cotton gauze is observed every day, dry then water, about 10 days seed germinations;
8) after seed germination, within continuous 5 days, have no new seed germination, stop germination rate statistics;
9) peelled off by the seed coat of the seed sprouted, then moved in ground by the seed after process and plant, thickness of earth covering is 2-3cm;
10) should be fertile soil, well-drained sandy loam or peat soil to sowing, before seedling grows to 30cm, set up the shed that shelters from heat or light, be beneficial to its growth.
Embodiment 2
In October, 2012, carry out the sowing test of evergreen mucuna stem, often organize Tests Seeds 100, set 5 repetitions.
1) mid or late October evergreen mucuna stem seed maturity gather, seed and fine sand mixed room temperature are stored, keep sand humidity 70-80%;
2) next year late Febuary-early March, seed is taken out cleaning 2 times, selects the seed that sinks under water, reject the seed swimming in the water surface;
3) will cleaning select after the seed water logging kind of 70 ± 2 DEG C, soak time is 48 hours, during immersion with 70 ± 2 DEG C for initial temperature, let alone at room temperature cooling naturally, within every 24 hours, change 25 ± 2 DEG C of clear water;
4) within 2 hours, carry out disinfection with the liquor potassic permanganate immersion seed of 0.5%, then rinse seed 2 times with clear water;
5) cut a mouth at the position, middle (opposite end of radicle and plumule) of the side of the seed hilum along brown or black ventral suture place with pocket knife, openning length is about 1/2 of ventral suture length, is advisable, does not hurt embryo just to scratch seed coat;
6) be 80% in indoor humidity, in the space of room temperature 20-30 DEG C, the orlop one deck that tiles wets cotton gauze, cotton gauze thickness is with 2cm, wet cotton gauze tiles the seed after one deck process, then covers one deck thereon and to wet cotton gauze then the seed after one deck process of tiling, carry out lamination by that analogy to bank up vernalization, finally use 3 layers of covered rearing with plastic film moisturizing again;
7) humidity of cotton gauze is observed every day, dry then water, about 8 days seed germinations;
8) after seed germination, have no new seed germination for three days on end, stop germination rate statistics;
9) peelled off by the seed coat of the seed sprouted, then moved in ground by the seed after process and plant, thickness of earth covering is 3-4cm;
10) should be fertile soil, well-drained sandy loam or peat soil to sowing, before seedling grows to 30cm, set up the shed that shelters from heat or light, be beneficial to its growth.
Embodiment 3
In October, 2012, carry out the sowing test of evergreen mucuna stem, often organize Tests Seeds 100, set 5 repetitions.
1) mid or late October evergreen mucuna stem seed maturity gather, seed and fine sand mixed room temperature are stored, keep sand humidity 70-80%;
2) next year late Febuary-early March, seed is taken out cleaning 2 times, selects the seed that sinks under water, reject the seed swimming in the water surface;
3) will cleaning select after the seed water logging kind of 70 ± 2 DEG C, soak time is 60 hours, during immersion with 70 ± 2 DEG C for initial temperature, let alone at room temperature cooling naturally, within every 24 hours, change 30 ± 2 DEG C of clear water;
4) within 2 hours, carry out disinfection with the liquor potassic permanganate immersion seed of 0.5%, then rinse seed 2 times with clear water;
5) cut a mouth at the position, middle (opposite end of radicle and plumule) of the side of the seed hilum along brown or black ventral suture place with pocket knife, openning length is about 2/3 of ventral suture length, is advisable, does not hurt embryo just to scratch seed coat;
6) be 80% in indoor humidity, in the space of room temperature 20-30 DEG C, the orlop one deck that tiles wets cotton gauze, cotton gauze thickness is with 2cm, wet cotton gauze tiles the seed after one deck process, then covers one deck thereon and to wet cotton gauze then the seed after one deck process of tiling, carry out lamination by that analogy to bank up vernalization, finally use 3 layers of covered rearing with plastic film moisturizing again;
7) humidity of cotton gauze is observed every day, dry then water, about 7 days seed germinations;
8) after seed germination, have no new seed germination for three days on end, stop germination rate statistics;
9) peelled off by the seed coat of the seed sprouted, then moved in ground by the seed after process and plant, thickness of earth covering is 4-5cm;
10) should be fertile soil, well-drained sandy loam or peat soil to sowing, before seedling grows to 30cm, set up the shed that shelters from heat or light, be beneficial to its growth.
The evergreen mucuna stem adopting the type of seeding of above-described embodiment 1-3 to obtain sprouts, and the time is short, survival rate is high, emerge neat, young plant is healthy and strong, and germination rate can reach 90%-95%.
Comparative example 1
In early March, 2013, carries out the sowing test of evergreen mucuna stem, often organizes Tests Seeds 100, sets 5 repetitions.Evergreen mucuna stem seed without any measure is directly seeded in and fills in the container of Nutrition Soil.Normal management at ordinary times, begin to see that seed is unearthed about mid or late July, survival rate is at 3-25%.
Comparative example 2
He Zheng Die discloses evergreen mucuna stem seed propagation technology in 2004 in its Master's thesis " the seedling breeding technology of evergreen mucuna stem and raw material application study ".
Divide three groups and carry out percentage of seedgermination determination test:
First group: the mensuration of directly carrying out percentage of seedgermination after collection, point 45 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 75 DEG C immersion treatment, totally 3 samples.
Second group: the germination rate of different stored manner (normal temperature storage, refrigeration, sand are hidden) storage seed after three months measures, and divides equally 45 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 75 DEG C immersion treatment, totally 9 samples.
3rd group: after the seed getting normal temperature storage grinds off seed coat, carry out the mensuration of germination rate, point 45 DEG C, 60 DEG C, 75 DEG C immersion treatment, totally 3 samples.
Seed soak time is 48 hours, take design temperature as initial temperature during immersion, lets alone at room temperature naturally to cool, and each sample all repeats 3 times, gets 20, seed at every turn.
Result of the test: when adopting the soaking temperature of 75 DEG C after seed collection, germination rate is the highest, and average germination percentage is 22.33%, is up to 60%; Percentage of seedgermination after refrigeration storage is minimum, between 0-10%; Hide the average germination percentage of seed for 22.22% with room temperature sand, be up to 35%; Gall the germination rate average out to 30.55% after seed coat, be up to 40%.
When adopting the soaking temperature of 75 DEG C after this test seed collection, germination rate is up to 60%, but this mode after planting, and nursery stock will experience winter low temperature freeze injury, causes a large amount of nursery stock dead.This test undeclared seed sprouting required time.
Comparative example 3
Xie Yueying etc. disclose the sowing test of Zhejiang paohwashanica Mucuna at " Chinese herbal medicine " the 9th phase the 30th volume in 1999.Paohwashanica Mucuna and evergreen mucuna stem all belong to Mucuna plant, but are not same kinds.
This test is by galling seed coat, and sand at normal temperature is hidden, and the highest bud ratio of seed is 87%, and the method has certain reference to this experiment, but in practical operation, the method is more extensive, lacks certain instruct measure to concrete industrialization production.This test does not have specified in more detail how to gall seed coat, and easily in operation the plumule of injury seed and radicle, affect percentage of seedgermination, the problem such as rotten after sprouting.
Claims (2)
1. improve a method for evergreen mucuna stem sowing survival rate, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) mid or late October evergreen mucuna stem seed maturity gather, by seed and fine sand by volume for 1:3-5 mixed room temperature is stored, keep sand humidity 70-80%;
2) 2-3 month spring in next year, seed is taken out cleaning 2-3 time, select the seed sunk under water, reject the seed swimming in the water surface;
3) will cleaning select after the seed water logging kind of 60-70 DEG C, soak time is 48-60 hour, is initial temperature, lets alone at room temperature cooling naturally, within every 24 hours, change a 25-30 DEG C of clear water during immersion with design temperature;
4) within 2 hours, carry out disinfection with the liquor potassic permanganate immersion seed of 0.5%, then rinse seed 2-3 time with clear water;
5) cut open along brown or black ventral suture place at the position, middle of the side of the seed hilum with pocket knife, openning length is the 1/3-2/3 of ventral suture length, is advisable, does not hurt embryo just to scratch seed coat;
6) indoor humidity is more than 80%, in the space of room temperature 20-30 DEG C, the orlop one deck that tiles wets cotton gauze, cotton gauze thickness is advisable with 1-2cm, wet cotton gauze tiles the seed after one deck process, then covers one deck thereon and to wet cotton gauze then the seed after one deck process of tiling, carry out lamination by that analogy to bank up vernalization, finally use the moisturizing of layer 2-3 covered rearing with plastic film again;
7) humidity of cotton gauze is observed every day, dry then water, 7-10 days seed sproutings;
8) after seed germination, if within 3-5 days, have no new seed germination continuously, germination rate statistics is stopped;
9) seed coat of the seed sprouted is peelled off, then the seed after process is moved in ground and plant;
10) should be fertile soil, well-drained sandy loam or peat soil to sowing, before seedling grows to 30cm, set up the shed that shelters from heat or light, be beneficial to its growth.
2. the method for raising evergreen mucuna stem sowing survival rate according to claim 1, is characterized in that: moved in ground by the seed after process in described step 9) and plant, thickness of earth covering is 2-5cm.
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| CN104770302B (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-08-10 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of evergreen mucuna stem method for quickly breeding |
| CN104871782B (en) * | 2015-05-24 | 2017-05-10 | 益阳市银丰园林景观有限公司 | Rapid seed propagation method for ilex purpurea |
| CN104938088B (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2017-01-18 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for promoting germination of caulis sinomenii seeds |
| CN109565998B (en) * | 2018-12-24 | 2021-04-27 | 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院 | Method for promoting germination of coralline sinensis seeds |
| CN113303155A (en) * | 2021-05-03 | 2021-08-27 | 福建农林大学 | Method for dibbling and culturing young container seedlings by using bamboo and cypress seeds |
| CN113597951A (en) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-11-05 | 天津绿茵景观生态建设股份有限公司 | Sowing method for Mucuna sempervirens in southwest region |
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| SU1456035A1 (en) * | 1987-01-05 | 1989-02-07 | -В.А.Савельев | Apparatus for determining germination of seeds |
| JP3888479B2 (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 2007-03-07 | 古河機械金属株式会社 | Germination promotion method |
| RU2150184C1 (en) * | 1997-07-15 | 2000-06-10 | Ижевская государственная сельскохозяйственная академия | Method for presowing treatment of oats seeds |
| CN101578956B (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2012-05-09 | 贵州昌昊中药发展有限公司 | Standardization planting method of uncaria |
| CN102612969B (en) * | 2012-04-09 | 2013-04-17 | 常熟市海虹苗木花卉有限公司 | Macrocarpium officinalis seedling raising method |
| CN102986332B (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2013-12-25 | 浙江农林大学 | Fast large-scale germination accelerating method for palm seed |
| CN103238400B (en) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-08-06 | 常熟市佳盛农业科技发展有限公司 | Method for removing seed dormancy of tapiscia sinensis oliv and improving seedling survival rate |
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