CN113597951A

CN113597951A - Sowing method for Mucuna sempervirens in southwest region

Info

Publication number: CN113597951A
Application number: CN202110891666.0A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 苗杰; 曲炳鹏; 张蒙; 袁敏; 龚无缺; 于占旺; 姜杰; 耿冠宇; 赵人杰
Original assignee: Tianjin Lvyin Landscape And Ecology Construction Co ltd
Current assignee: Tianjin Lvyin Landscape And Ecology Construction Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-08-04
Filing date: 2021-08-04
Publication date: 2021-11-05

Abstract

The invention provides a sowing method of Mucuna sempervirens in southwest, which comprises the steps of ventilating and airing mature seeds, and storing the seeds in sand at normal temperature; putting the seeds into clear water, and selecting the seeds submerged into the water; soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution for 2-3 hours, and washing the seeds with clear water; cutting off a small piece of seed coat at the opposite end or the corner of the opposite end of the radicle and the germ, wherein the length of the broken seed coat is preferably 1/6-1/3 of the length of the abdominal line; dibbling the treated seeds in a sowing field at dibbling intervals of 8-12 cm, sowing 1 seed in each hole at dibbling depth of about 2-3 cm, and setting up a shading and moisturizing layer after sowing the seeds; observing the soil humidity, and watering at proper time. The sowing method of the evergreen mucuna sempervirens in the southwest area adopts a direct sowing mode, the planting mode is simpler, secondary transplanting is not needed, related expenses of nursery stocks, transplanting, transportation and the like are saved, the planting cost is lower, time and labor are saved, the construction is convenient, the economy is higher, and the popularization is easy.

Description

Sowing method for Mucuna sempervirens in southwest region

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of Mucuna birdwoodiana planting, and particularly relates to a sowing method of Mucuna birdwoodiana in the southwest region.

Background

One of the main soils in southern areas of China is subtropical red loam, and due to climate reasons, litters are quickly mineralized and decomposed, the nutrient leaching loss is serious, the fertility is poor, and the organic matter content is low; meanwhile, red soil has high weathering degree and is greatly influenced by atmospheric sulfur sedimentation, so that subtropical red soil has the defects of serious degradation, poor water stability, high gravel content and the like, and due to the reasons, plants are difficult to grow on the red soil, and even die. Physical, chemical, biological and other methods can be adopted to solve the defects of the laterite, but the methods have slow effect if the investment is too large and cannot meet the demand of the engineering project for needing soil urgently, for example, the soil replacement method is one of the methods for solving the problem of difficult growth of the laterite plants, the defects of poor fertility, low organic matter content, poor water stability and the like of the laterite can be quickly and effectively solved by completely or partially replacing the soil, but the soil volume required by the soil replacement method is large, the price of the earthwork is high, and the cost in the engineering project is 50-80 yuan/m³In addition to their origin and transportAnd is also a problem, and therefore, the soil reclamation method is less applied in engineering projects. The application of the soil conditioner is a convenient and economic method, which can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, enhance the water and fertilizer retention capacity of the soil, simultaneously improve the activity of microorganisms and enzymes in the soil, promote the absorption of nutrients by crops, inhibit pathogenic microorganisms and the like. Therefore, aiming at the actual situation of the southwest area, the composition and the dosage of the modifying agent can be comprehensively considered from the source, the economy, the transportation and other situations of the modifying agent, and the modifying agent for improving the red soil of the southwest area is formed, so that the growth of plants on the red soil is facilitated.

Caulis Hederae helix is a woody evergreen vine belonging to Mucuna of Leguminosae and is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. China is widely distributed from southwest to southeast, and mainly grows on mountain forest edges and cliffs with the elevation of 700-2600 m. The species is evergreen in four seasons, dark purple in flower, extremely beautiful in flower shape like sparrow birds, wide in distribution, fast in growth, developed in root system, high in ecological adaptability, extremely high in ornamental value and garden development and application prospect, and also is an important ecological protection plant. In addition, the ivy has higher medicinal value, the seeds of the ivy are rich in levodopa (L-Dopa) which is an effective medicament for treating Parkinson's disease, the caulis spatholobi has the effects of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, relaxing tendons and activating collaterals and replenishing blood, and the caulis spatholobi is frequently used as a caulis spatholobi for folk medicine. At present, researches on the Mucuna sempervirens mainly focus on the aspects of biological characteristics, resistance, garden application, chemical components and the like, and relatively few reports are reported on sowing technology researches. The method is mainly characterized in that the seed coats are hard and compact, particularly, the hilum and the seed hole are obviously thickened, so that the seeds are difficult to absorb and germinate, the germination time is long, and the germination time is inconsistent. Chinese patent CN103430761B discloses a method for improving the sowing survival rate of Mucuna sempervirens in Hedera helix, which promotes the germination of seeds through the steps of seed soaking, disinfection, cleaning, pregermination and the like, shortens the germination time, and achieves the purposes of uniform and strong seedlings, high germination rate and transplanting survival rate. Therefore, the key factors influencing the propagation of the ivy are discovered, and the sowing method of the ivy, which can be directly sown without transplanting, can quickly emerge and meet the requirement of the germination rate, is developed, and is important for promoting the efficient utilization and the industrialized development of the ivy resource.

In summary, aiming at the characteristics of red soil in southwest region, how to design a more reasonable sowing method of mucuna sempervirens is a problem to be solved by the personnel in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, in order to solve the above problems, the invention provides a sowing method for Mucuna sempervirens in southwest, which adopts a direct sowing mode, realizes quick seedling emergence and simultaneously meets the requirement of germination rate, does not need secondary transplanting, saves planting cost, is easy to popularize, and can be directly applied to engineering projects.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

a sowing method of Mucuna sempervirens in southwest comprises the following steps:

s1, seed collection: collecting mature seeds of the Mucuna birdwoodiana population, removing pods, ventilating, airing, and storing in sand at normal temperature;

s2, selecting seeds: putting the seeds into clear water, and selecting the seeds submerged into the water;

s3, disinfection: soaking the seeds selected from the S2 in 0.3-0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2-3 hours, and then washing the seeds clean with clear water;

s4, breaking the skin: cutting off a small piece of seed coat at the opposite end or the corner of the opposite end of the radicle and the germ, wherein the length of the broken seed coat is preferably 1/6-1/3 of the length of the abdominal line, the seed coat is preferably just cut, and the endosperm cannot be damaged;

s5, sowing: dibbling the treated seeds in a sowing field at dibbling intervals of 8-12 cm, sowing 1 seed in each hole at dibbling depth of about 2-3 cm, and setting up a shading and moisturizing layer after sowing the seeds;

and S6, observing the soil humidity, and watering at proper time.

Further, in the step S1, the normal-temperature sand storage specifically comprises the step of mixing the seeds and the fine sand according to the volume ratio of 1: 3-5 and storing at room temperature, and keeping the humidity of the fine sand between 70% and 80%.

Further, in S5, the step of setting up the shading and moisture-preserving layer is to set up a plastic arch, or a shading net arch, or cover a non-woven fabric.

Further, in the step S6, watering is carried out timely, specifically, watering is carried out once 2-3 days before the seeds germinate, and watering is carried out once 5-6 days after the seeds germinate.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps of improving the soil of the sowing land before sowing: a. covering the surface layer of the soil with a soil improvement substance; b. ploughing the soil for multiple times to mix soil improvement substances on the surface of the soil with shallow surface soil in depth, wherein the ploughing depth is 15-25 cm; c. and (5) leveling the land.

Further, the soil improvement substance comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of polyacrylamide, 400-800 parts of organic fertilizer and 400-800 parts of rice hull ash.

Further, the organic fertilizer is chicken manure.

Compared with the prior art, the sowing method of the ivy mucuna in the southwest area has the following advantages:

(1) compared with the mode of sprouting firstly and transplanting secondly in the prior art, the mode of planting the Mucuna sempervirens in the invention is simpler, does not need secondary transplanting, saves related expenses of nursery stocks, transplanting, transportation and the like, has lower planting cost, time and labor conservation, convenient construction, higher economical efficiency and easy popularization, and can be directly applied to engineering projects;

(2) according to the method for sowing the evergreen mucuna, the water and air permeability of the mucuna seeds can be promoted by improving the loam in the southwest area and optimizing the sowing method of the mucuna, so that the seed germination speed is accelerated, the germination rate of the mucuna seeds is increased, and the rapid seedling formation of the mucuna seeds in the southwest area is realized;

(3) according to the method for sowing the evergreen mucuna, soil improvement is carried out on a planting field before the mucuna is planted, so that the soil fertility is improved, the absorption of crops on nutrients is promoted, and the fertilizing amount in the later growth process of the mucuna can be reduced; in addition, the soil improvement substances are all selected from southwest areas, so that the source is clear, the transportation is convenient, and the soil improvement substances are economical and practical.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the comparison of plant heights of Mucuna birdwoodiana according to example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 5.

Detailed Description

Unless defined otherwise, technical terms used in the following examples have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. The test reagents used in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional biochemical reagents; the experimental methods are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings.

Mucuna birdwoodiana seed survival rate and plant height test experiment

1. Procedure of experiment

The sowing test of the evergreen mucuna sempervirens in the southwest area is carried out in 10 months to 12 months in 2020, the sowing test comprises 6 treatments of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 5, 30 seeds are treated in each treatment test, 3 times of treatment are set, and the addition amount of the soil improvement substances treated in 6 treatments is consistent.

Example 1

The sowing method of the mucuna sempervirens in the southwest region comprises the following steps:

improving the soil of the sowing land before sowing:

a. covering a soil improvement substance on the surface layer of the soil, wherein the soil improvement substance comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3 parts of polyacrylamide, 500 parts of chicken manure and 500 parts of rice hull ash;

b. ploughing the soil by using a ploughing machine for 3 times to mix soil improvement substances on the surface of the soil with the shallow surface soil in depth, wherein the ploughing depth is 15 cm;

c. and (5) leveling the soil, wherein the rooter does not roll the ploughed soil back and forth.

Sowing the seeds of the ivy mucuna:

s1, seed collection: collecting mature seeds of a Mucuna birdwoodiana Murr population, removing pods, ventilating and drying, and then storing in a normal-temperature sand storage, wherein the normal-temperature sand storage specifically comprises the steps of mixing the seeds and fine sand according to a volume ratio of 1: 3-5, and storing at room temperature, and keeping the humidity of the fine sand between 70% and 80%;

s2, selecting seeds: putting the seeds into clear water for 5min, and selecting the seeds submerged in water;

s3, disinfection: soaking the seeds selected from the S2 in 0.5 percent potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours, and washing the seeds for 2 times by using clear water;

s5, sowing: dibbling the treated seeds to a sowing field with the dibbling distance of 10cm, sowing 1 seed in each hole with the dibbling depth of about 2cm, and after the seeds are sowed, erecting a plastic arch shed or erecting a shading net arch shed or covering non-woven fabrics for moisturizing;

and S6, observing the soil humidity, watering once 3 days before the seeds germinate, watering once 5 days after the seeds germinate until the seeds are sowed for 60 days, and counting the germination rate and the plant height of the Mucuna birdwoodiana seeds.

Comparative example 1

The soil portion of the improved seed field before sowing was the same as in example 1, and the sowing portion of the ivy seed was different from example 1 in that the peeling step of S4 was not performed based on example 1.

Comparative example 2

The soil part for improving the sowing land before sowing is the same as that in the embodiment 1, the sowing part of the ivy seeds is different from that in the embodiment 1 in that after the step of breaking the hull at S4 and before the step of sowing at S5, a soaking step is also carried out, and the soaking step is specifically as follows: soaking the seeds of the Mucuna birdwoodiana in clear water at 40 ℃ for 24h, and changing the clear water at 40 ℃ every 12 h.

Comparative example 3

The soil part for improving the sowing land before sowing is the same as that in the embodiment 1, the sowing part of the ivy seeds is different from that in the embodiment 1 in that after the S3 disinfection step, a soaking step is also carried out before the S4 peeling step, and the soaking step is specifically as follows: soaking the seeds of the Mucuna birdwoodiana in clear water at 40 ℃ for 24h, and changing the clear water at 40 ℃ every 12 h.

Comparative example 4

The soil part of the improved sowing land before sowing is the same as that in the example 1, and the sowing part of the ivy seeds is different from the sowing part in the example 1 in that a soaking step is carried out after the S3 disinfection step, before the S4 bark breaking step and after the S4 bark breaking step and before the S5 sowing step, and the soaking step is specifically as follows: soaking the seeds of the Mucuna birdwoodiana in clear water at 40 ℃ for 24h, and changing the clear water at 40 ℃ every 12 h.

Comparative example 5

The soil part of the improved sowing land before sowing is the same as that of the embodiment 1, the sowing part of the ivy seeds is different from the embodiment 1 in that the step of breaking the bark by S4 is not carried out on the basis of the embodiment 1, and the step of soaking is carried out before the sowing step of S5, wherein the step of soaking is specifically as follows: soaking the seeds of the Mucuna birdwoodiana in clear water at 40 ℃ for 24h, and changing the clear water at 40 ℃ every 12 h.

2. Results of the experiment

The survival rates of the seeds of example 1 and comparative examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 1

TABLE 1

As can be seen from Table 1, when the test results of example 1 are compared with the test results of other treatments, the survival rate of the Mucuna birdwoodiana seeds of example 1 is the highest and reaches 66.67%, and the survival rate of the Mucuna birdwoodiana seeds of other treatments is less than 46%.

The plant heights of the Mucuna birdwoodiana of example 1 and comparative examples 1-5 are shown in FIG. 1

As can be seen from FIG. 1, the plant height of Sesamum indicum L.of example 1 was the highest, reaching 63 cm.

The sowing test of the mucuna sempervirens in the southwest area is carried out in 10 months to 12 months in 2020, and comprises 4 treatments in the embodiment 2-5, wherein each treatment test seed is 30 grains, and 3 repetitions are set.

Example 2

Improving the soil of the sowing land before sowing:

a. covering a soil improvement substance on the surface layer of the soil, wherein the soil improvement substance comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of polyacrylamide, 600 parts of chicken manure and 400 parts of rice hull ash;

b. ploughing the soil by using a ploughing machine for 3 times to mix soil improvement substances on the surface of the soil with the shallow surface soil in depth, wherein the ploughing depth is 20 cm;

Sowing the seeds of the ivy mucuna:

s3, disinfection: soaking the seeds selected from the S2 in 0.3 percent potassium permanganate solution for 3 hours, and washing the seeds for 2 times by using clear water;

s5, sowing: dibbling the treated seeds to a sowing field with the dibbling distance of 10cm, sowing 1 seed in each hole with the dibbling depth of about 3cm, and after the seeds are sowed, erecting a plastic arch shed or erecting a shading net arch shed or covering non-woven fabrics for moisturizing;

Example 3

On the basis of example 2, the difference from example 2 is:

improving the soil part of the sowing land before sowing: in the step a, the soil improvement substance comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of polyacrylamide, 400 parts of chicken manure and 600 parts of rice hull ash; b, ploughing to a depth of 15 cm;

the sowing part of the ivy mucuna seeds comprises: in the S3 disinfection step, seeds selected in S2 are soaked in 0.4% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours and then washed with clean water for 2 times.

Example 4

On the basis of example 2, the difference from example 2 is:

improving the soil part of the sowing land before sowing: in the step a, the soil improvement substance comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5 parts of polyacrylamide, 600 parts of chicken manure and 800 parts of rice hull ash; b, ploughing to a depth of 15 cm;

Example 5

On the basis of example 2, the difference from example 2 is:

improving the soil part of the sowing land before sowing: in the step a, the soil improvement substance comprises the following components in parts by weight: 4 parts of polyacrylamide, 800 parts of chicken manure and 400 parts of rice hull ash; b, ploughing to a depth of 15 cm;

the sowing part of the ivy mucuna seeds comprises: in the S3 disinfection step, seeds selected in S2 are soaked in 0.5% potassium permanganate solution for 2 hours and then washed with clean water for 2 times.

Examples 2-5 the addition of soil improving substances was adjusted, the survival rate of the obtained Mucuna birdwoodiana was 60-70%, and Mucuna birdwoodiana was fast in emergence and relatively high in plant height.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.

Claims

1. A sowing method of Mucuna sempervirens in southwest is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

and S6, observing the soil humidity, and watering at proper time.

2. The sowing method of mucuna sempervirens in southwest area of claim 1, characterized in that: in the S1, the normal-temperature sand storage specifically comprises the step of mixing seeds and fine sand according to the volume ratio of 1: 3-5 and storing at room temperature, and keeping the humidity of the fine sand between 70% and 80%.

3. The sowing method of mucuna sempervirens in southwest area of claim 1, characterized in that: in the step S5, the step of building a shading and moisture-preserving layer is to build a plastic arch shed or a shading net arch shed or cover non-woven fabrics.

4. The sowing method of mucuna sempervirens in southwest area of claim 1, characterized in that: and in the S6, watering in good time specifically comprises watering once 2-3 days before the seeds germinate and watering once 5-6 days after the seeds germinate.

5. The sowing method of mucuna sempervirens in southwest area according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: the method also comprises the following steps of improving the soil of the seed sowing land before sowing: a. covering the surface layer of the soil with a soil improvement substance; b. ploughing the soil for multiple times to mix soil improvement substances on the surface of the soil with shallow surface soil in depth, wherein the ploughing depth is 15-25 cm; c. and (5) leveling the land.

6. The sowing method of mucuna sempervirens in southwest area of claim 5, characterized in that: the soil improvement substance comprises the following components in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of polyacrylamide, 400-800 parts of organic fertilizer and 400-800 parts of rice hull ash.

7. The sowing method of mucuna sempervirens in southwest area of claim 5, characterized in that: the organic fertilizer is chicken manure.