CN101480160A - Quick seedling cultivation and one-year outplanting technique for fruit tree - Google Patents
Quick seedling cultivation and one-year outplanting technique for fruit tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN101480160A CN101480160A CNA200810160119XA CN200810160119A CN101480160A CN 101480160 A CN101480160 A CN 101480160A CN A200810160119X A CNA200810160119X A CN A200810160119XA CN 200810160119 A CN200810160119 A CN 200810160119A CN 101480160 A CN101480160 A CN 101480160A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an annual outplanting technology for the rapid seeding of fruit trees. The invention is characterized in that in about early November, seeds of wild sexual mature fruits are selected, soaked and washed for a plurality of times by clear water, and the seeds are mixed with sand in a ratio of 1 to 3 and are spread in an earth pit with the depth of 50cm, and the earth pit is filled by wet sand and levelled up; in next spring, when half of the seeds crack, the seeds are sowed, earthed up to 2cm and covered by plastic films of an arched plastic house; in early May, nursery stocks erupt completely and then are suitably thinned and pinched; in early July, a T-shaped bud-grafting method is adopted for grafting; 2 to 3 days after the grafting, only 4 leaves are reserved above the grafting part, other parental stocks are cut, and sprouts on the parental stock are removed about 10 to 15 days later; after small seedlings grow to 3 cm to 5cm, quick acting fertilizer is applied; and in early to the middle of October, when the heights of small seedlings are about 60cm, the small seedlings can be outplanted and transplanted. The invention solves the problems of slow culture, difficult management, high cost and the like of fruit tree seeds in fruit tree production and is suitable for the rapid seeding of various fruit trees.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nursery stock production cultivation field of woods fruit, specifically a kind of fruit nursery stock technique for quickly cultivating.
Background technology
People are to cultivate with traditional conventional method in the cultivation of fruit nursery stocks such as Chinese chestnut, persimmon, peach, apricot, apple, plough tree at present, and the cultivation time needs 2-3, and its shortcoming is that time length, management are difficult, cost is high, the development of incuring loss through delay improved seeds.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is that the fruit seedling was cultivated slowly, managed problems such as difficulty, cost height during woodss such as solution Chinese chestnut, persimmon, peach, apricot, apple, plough tree really produced, and invents a planting fruit-trees to grow seedlings then, goes out the cultivation technology in garden then.
The present invention is for solving the problems of the technologies described above, and the technical scheme that is adopted is that a kind of quick seedling cultivation and one-year outplanting technique for fruit tree, its special character comprise the steps such as management after whole ground, seed selection, breeding, sowing, seedling management, grafting, the grafting:
Whole ground: select physical features smooth, well-drained husky territory is done nursery lot, and every mu applies the fertilizer 4000-5000 kilogram that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and deep ploughs 25-30 centimetre, ploughs deeply leveling, and late November is irritated foot winter water;
Seed selection: select wild sexual system, the ripening fruits seed of purity 〉=92%, cleanliness 〉=97%, germination rate 〉=70%, the every mu of amount of making preparations for sowing: Castanea mollissima kind 40-60 kilogram, persimmon are planted 5-10 kilogram with mountain fourth kind 5-10 kilogram, pear tree with birch-leaf pear with date-plum persimmon 10-20 kilogram, wild peach kind 15-25 kilogram, apricot kind 15-25 kilogram, apple tree.
Breeding: before and after the early November; select the in the shade high and dry ponding part that is difficult for; dig dark heatable adobe sleeping platform about 50 centimeters; heatable adobe sleeping platform length decide on seed amount; with seed with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 2 hours; or with the limewash seed soaking of 1%-2% 24-26 hour; or with 0.3-1% copper-bath seed soaking 4-6 hour; use the flushing with clean water seed for several times then; at the 5 centimeters thick wet sand in shop, the end, hole; to mix the back spreading in the ratio of seed and husky 1:3 and enter, be taped against near coal-mine about 15 centimeters always and locate, fill and lead up with wet sand above; every 1-1.5 rice erect one careless; in order to circulation of air, become mound above ground level 10 centimeters with earth culture at last, the humidity of sand is touched promptly diffusing being advisable to hold agglomerating one.Treat that next spring sowing removes mound and stir 1-2 time every day the last week, half splits mouth and can sow to treat seed, as does not sprout as yet before broadcasting, and seed can be taken out be placed on warm place and carry out vernalization.
Sowing: spring soil thaw, when temperature gos up, every mu applies compound expense 30-40 kilogram, the shallow ground, garden that turns over, furrow are done in leveling, furrow are wide 1 meter, and the furrow ridge is wide 50 centimeters, and the drilling of ditching then will be watered sufficient water in the ditch, sowing is wanted evenly, and 2 centimeters left and right sides compactings of thickness of earth covering cover with little shed plastic film then.
Seedling management: raise with temperature after mid-April, temperature of shed was in time opened the shed two ends and is ventilated at 30 o'clock, and late April should progressively be opened a little ventilating openings with shed, opens daytime then, and cover night, and every day, an amount of sooner or later water spray kept the seedbed moistening.Before and after the first tenday period of a month in May shed is all removed, after nursery stock all sprouted, diseases prevention medicament of spray added 1000 times potassium dihydrogen phosphate every about first quarter moon, and seedling is urged in diseases prevention, in good time thinning, pinching, to promote that nursery stock increases slightly.
Grafting: in early July, temperature is 30 when following, early, carry out grafting evening, help improving survival rate, select full, the colory branch of buddering to do scion, adopt the bud grafting method of " fourth " font, overhead 5-10 centimetre place the stock cortex is divided into " fourth " font at stock, choose out cortex, get the bud sheet identical then and embed in the stock, wrap up immediately, expose and budder with " fourth " font, in order to the sprouting of buddering, improve survival rate.
Management after the grafting: the 2-3 after the grafting days, 4 leaves were only stayed in the stock and the basic driving fit of buddering more than interface, and all the other stocks are cut, to promote to budder sprouting; The extraction of buddering during to the 10-15 days left and right sides, the rudiment on the stock of in time erasing; When seedling length is grown to the 3-5 centimetre, execute a quick-acting and topdress, about every mu of 30-40 kilogram, later on every two weeks in conjunction with diseases prevention, the spray foliage fertilizer, be beneficial to seedling growth; Remove the grafting binder August during early and middle ten days height of seedling 15-25 centimetre; Mid or late October, height of seedling reaches can go out the garden transplanting about 60 centimeters.
Technique effect
During technique effect of the present invention, adopt technique scheme, can realize the fruit tree transplanting then of growing seedlings then, improve the speed of breeding of high quality fruit seedling, increase economic benefit 2-3 doubly.
Specific embodiment 1
Whole ground: select 1 mu of smooth, the well-drained husky territory of physical features, apply 4500 kilograms of the fertilizers of becoming thoroughly decomposed, 35 kilograms of composite fertilizers deep ploughs 25 centimeters, plough deeply leveling, and late November is irritated sufficient winter water.
Seed selection: select 40 kilograms of purity 92%, cleanliness 97%, the germination rate ripe Castanea mollissima kinds more than 70%;
Breeding: before and after the early November; select the in the shade high and dry ponding part that is difficult for; dig dark heatable adobe sleeping platform about 50 centimeters; with seed with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 2 hours; use flushing with clean water then 4 times; at the 5 centimeters thick wet sand in shop, the end, hole; mix the back spreading in the ratio of seed and husky 1:3 and enter; be taped against near coal-mine about 15 centimeters always and locate; the wet sand of top usefulness is filled and led up, grass, in order to circulation of air; become mound above ground level 10 centimeters with earth culture at last, husky humidity is touched promptly diffusing being advisable to hold agglomerating one every 1-1.5 rice perpendicular one.Treat that next spring sowing removes mound and stir 1-2 time every day the last week, half splits mouth and can sow to treat seed, as does not sprout as yet before broadcasting, and seed can be taken out be placed on warm place and carry out vernalization.
Sowing: soil thawed, when temperature gos up, applied 35 kilograms of composite fertilizers spring, the shallow ground, garden that turns over, and furrow are done in leveling, furrow are wide 1 meter, and the furrow ridge is wide 50 centimeters, and the drilling of ditching then will be watered sufficient water in the ditch, sowing is wanted evenly, and 2 centimeters left and right sides compactings of thickness of earth covering cover with little shed plastic film then.
Grafting: in early July, temperature is 30 when following, early, carry out grafting evening, the scion choosing is buddered full, colory Chinese chestnut branch, grafting method adopts the bud grafting method of " fourth " font, overhead 5-10 centimetre place the stock cortex is divided into " fourth " font at stock, chooses out cortex, get the bud sheet identical then and embed in the stock with " fourth " font, wrap up immediately, expose and budder.
Management after the grafting: the 2-3 after the grafting days, the stock and the basic driving fit of buddering, only stay 4 leaves this moment more than interface, and all the other stocks are cut, to promote to budder sprouting; The extraction of buddering during to the 10-15 days left and right sides, the rudiment on the stock of in time erasing; When seedling length is grown to the 3-5 centimetre, execute a quick-acting and topdress, about every mu of 30-40 kilogram, later on every two weeks in conjunction with diseases prevention, the spray foliage fertilizer, be beneficial to seedling growth; Remove the grafting binder August during early and middle ten days height of seedling 15-25 centimetre; Mid or late October, height of seedling reaches can go out the garden transplanting about 60 centimeters.
Specific embodiment 2
Whole ground: select 1 mu of smooth, the well-drained husky territory of physical features, apply 4200 kilograms of the fertilizers of becoming thoroughly decomposed, 35 kilograms of composite fertilizers deep ploughs 25 centimeters, plough deeply leveling, and late November is irritated sufficient winter water.
Seed selection: select 20 kilograms of purity 92%, cleanliness 97%, the germination rate ripe wild peach kinds more than 70%;
Breeding: before and after the early November; select the in the shade high and dry ponding part that is difficult for; dig dark heatable adobe sleeping platform about 50 centimeters; with seed with 2% limewash seed soaking 24-26 hour; use flushing with clean water then 3 times; at the 5 centimeters thick wet sand in shop, the end, hole; mix the back spreading in the ratio of seed and husky 1:3 and enter; be taped against near coal-mine about 15 centimeters always and locate; the wet sand of top usefulness is filled and led up, grass, in order to circulation of air; become mound above ground level 10 centimeters with earth culture at last, husky humidity is touched promptly diffusing being advisable to hold agglomerating one every 1-1.5 rice perpendicular one.Treat that next spring sowing removes mound and stir 1-2 time every day the last week, half splits mouth and can sow to treat seed, as does not sprout as yet before broadcasting, and seed can be taken out be placed on warm place and carry out vernalization.
Sowing: soil thawed, when temperature gos up, applied 35 kilograms of composite fertilizers spring, the shallow ground, garden that turns over, and furrow are done in leveling, furrow are wide 1 meter, and the furrow ridge is wide 50 centimeters, and the drilling of ditching then will be watered sufficient water in the ditch, sowing is wanted evenly, and 2 centimeters left and right sides compactings of thickness of earth covering cover with little shed plastic film then.
Grafting: in early July, temperature is 30 when following, and the scion choosing is buddered full, and colory peach branch carries out grafting with the bud grafting method of " fourth " font with in the morning the dusk time.
Management after the grafting: the 2-3 after the grafting days, the stock and the basic driving fit of buddering, only stay 4 leaves this moment more than interface, and all the other stocks are cut, to promote to budder sprouting; The extraction of buddering during to the 10-15 days left and right sides, the rudiment on the stock of in time erasing; When seedling grows to the 3-5 centimetre, execute a quick-acting and topdress, about every mu of 30-40 kilogram, later on every two weeks in conjunction with diseases prevention, the spray foliage fertilizer, be beneficial to seedling growth; Remove the grafting binder August during early and middle ten days height of seedling 15-25 centimetre; Mid or late October, height of seedling reaches can go out the garden transplanting about 60 centimeters.
Specific embodiment 3
Whole ground: select 1 mu of smooth, the well-drained husky territory of physical features, apply 5000 kilograms of the fertilizers of becoming thoroughly decomposed, 30 kilograms of composite fertilizers deep ploughs 25 centimeters, plough deeply leveling, and late November is irritated sufficient winter water.
Seed selection: select 20 kilograms of purity 92%, cleanliness 97%, the germination rate ripe apricot kinds more than 70%;
Breeding: before and after the early November; select the in the shade high and dry ponding part that is difficult for; dig dark heatable adobe sleeping platform about 50 centimeters; with seed with 0.5% copper-bath seed soaking 6 hours; use flushing with clean water then 3 times; at the 5 centimeters thick wet sand in shop, the end, hole; mix the back spreading in the ratio of seed and husky 1:3 and enter; be taped against near coal-mine about 15 centimeters always and locate; the wet sand of top usefulness is filled and led up, grass, in order to circulation of air; become mound above ground level 10 centimeters with earth culture at last, husky humidity is touched promptly diffusing being advisable to hold agglomerating one every 1-1.5 rice perpendicular one.Treat that next spring sowing removes mound and stir 1-2 time every day the last week, half splits mouth and can sow to treat seed, as does not sprout as yet before broadcasting, and seed can be taken out be placed on warm place and carry out vernalization.
Sowing: soil thawed, when temperature gos up, applied 35 kilograms of composite fertilizers spring, the shallow ground, garden that turns over, and furrow are done in leveling, furrow are wide 1 meter, and the furrow ridge is wide 50 centimeters, and the drilling of ditching then will be watered sufficient water in the ditch, sowing is wanted evenly, and 2 centimeters left and right sides compactings of thickness of earth covering cover with little shed plastic film then.
Grafting: in early July, when temperature 30 degree were following, the scion choosing was buddered full, and colory apricot branch uses the bud grafting method of " fourth " font to carry out grafting with in the morning the dusk time.。
Management after the grafting: the 2-3 after the grafting days, the stock and the basic driving fit of buddering, only stay 4 leaves this moment more than interface, and all the other stocks are cut, to promote to budder sprouting; The extraction of buddering during to the 10-15 days left and right sides, the rudiment on the stock of in time erasing; When seedling grows to the 3-5 centimetre, execute a quick-acting and topdress, about every mu of 30-40 kilogram, later on every two weeks in conjunction with diseases prevention, the spray foliage fertilizer, be beneficial to seedling growth; Remove the grafting binder August during early and middle ten days height of seedling 15-25 centimetre; Mid or late October, height of seedling reaches can go out the garden transplanting about 60 centimeters.
Claims (1)
1, quick seedling cultivation and one-year outplanting technique for fruit tree is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) wholely: nursery lot selects physical features smooth, well-drained husky territory, and every mu applies the fertilizer 4000-5000 kilogram that becomes thoroughly decomposed, and deep ploughs 25-30 centimetre, ploughs deeply leveling, and late November is irritated foot winter water;
(2) seed selection: select wild sexual be the mature seed of fruit, seed purity 〉=92%, cleanliness 〉=97%, germination rate 〉=70%;
(3) breeding: before and after early November; select the in the shade high and dry ponding part that is difficult for; dig dark heatable adobe sleeping platform about 50 centimeters, with seed with 0.5% liquor potassic permanganate seed soaking 2 hours, or with the limewash seed soaking of 1%-2% 24-26 hour; or with 0.3-1% copper-bath seed soaking 4-6 hour; then with flushing with clean water for several times, shop one deck is wet husky at the end, hole, with seed and after husky the mixing spreading enter; the top usefulness sand that wets is filled and led up, treat next spring sowing sub half sow when splitting mouth;
(4) sowing: spring soil thaw, when temperature gos up, every mu applies composite fertilizer 30-40 kilogram, the shallow ground, garden that turns over, furrow are done in leveling, the drilling of ditching then will be watered sufficient water in the ditch, 2 centimeters left and right sides compactings of thickness of earth covering are then with little shed plastic film covering.
(5) grafting: in early July, temperature adopts the bud grafting method of " fourth " font to carry out grafting 30 when following.
(6) management after the grafting: the 2-3 after the grafting days, stock is when buddering basic driving fit, only stay 4 leaves more than interface, all the other stocks are cut, and budder during to the 10-15 days left and right sides when extracting out, erase rudiment on the stock, when seedling grows to the 3-5 centimetre, execute a quick-acting and topdress, spray foliage fertilizer every two weeks in conjunction with diseases prevention later on, remove grafting binder during early and middle ten days height of seedling 15-25 centimetre August, begins the garden during 60 centimeters left and right sides of mid or late October height of seedling and transplant.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNA200810160119XA CN101480160A (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2008-11-13 | Quick seedling cultivation and one-year outplanting technique for fruit tree |
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| CNA200810160119XA CN101480160A (en) | 2008-11-13 | 2008-11-13 | Quick seedling cultivation and one-year outplanting technique for fruit tree |
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| CN101480160A true CN101480160A (en) | 2009-07-15 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103518541A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2014-01-22 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Peach tree green stock-green branch cut grafting rapid seedling growing method |
| CN103749235A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-04-30 | 安徽奥林园艺有限责任公司 | Method for preventing high-temperature death of peach seedlings with sowing, grafting and outplanting completed in same year |
| CN104380938A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-03-04 | 靖江市海鸿生态园有限公司 | Local breeding technology for virus-free seedling of Korla pear |
| CN104620927A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-20 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | Quick high-yield stable-yield cultivation method for stone fruit trees |
| CN105075778A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-25 | 王兵 | Method for high-yield planting of castanea mollissima |
| CN107466790A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2017-12-15 | 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 | Pear tree stock seed fast breeding method |
| CN110178634A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-08-30 | 天水市果树研究所 | A kind of north mountainous region fruit nursery stock mating system |
-
2008
- 2008-11-13 CN CNA200810160119XA patent/CN101480160A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103518541A (en) * | 2013-08-21 | 2014-01-22 | 贵州省亚热带作物研究所 | Peach tree green stock-green branch cut grafting rapid seedling growing method |
| CN103749235A (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2014-04-30 | 安徽奥林园艺有限责任公司 | Method for preventing high-temperature death of peach seedlings with sowing, grafting and outplanting completed in same year |
| CN103749235B (en) * | 2014-01-03 | 2016-03-30 | 安徽奥林园艺有限责任公司 | A kind of method of preventing and treating peach three and working as the death of falling stake of nursery stock high temperature |
| CN104380938A (en) * | 2014-09-12 | 2015-03-04 | 靖江市海鸿生态园有限公司 | Local breeding technology for virus-free seedling of Korla pear |
| CN104620927A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-20 | 山东省潍坊市农业科学院 | Quick high-yield stable-yield cultivation method for stone fruit trees |
| CN105075778A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-11-25 | 王兵 | Method for high-yield planting of castanea mollissima |
| CN105075778B (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2018-01-30 | 大悟鸿源农业科技有限公司 | The method of High Yield for Chinese Chestnut plantation |
| CN107466790A (en) * | 2017-10-13 | 2017-12-15 | 太湖县香茗山生态果品科技园有限公司 | Pear tree stock seed fast breeding method |
| CN110178634A (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2019-08-30 | 天水市果树研究所 | A kind of north mountainous region fruit nursery stock mating system |
| CN110178634B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-11-23 | 天水市果树研究所 | Northern mountain fruit tree seedling breeding method |
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Open date: 20090715 |