CN103398974B - A kind of Fibre Optical Sensor, preparation method and the system of measurement - Google Patents
A kind of Fibre Optical Sensor, preparation method and the system of measurement Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Fibre Optical Sensor, preparation method and measurement system, Fibre Optical Sensor includes D-shaped photonic crystal fiber, the cross section of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is D-shaped makes D-shaped photonic crystal fiber have a plane, and its plane is attached with nano metal sensing layer.The Fibre Optical Sensor that the present invention provides uses D-shaped photonic crystal fiber, this D-shaped photonic crystal fiber can be to be filled with the equivalent refractive index for regulating and controlling transmission light and the solution of dispersivity in Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers and centre bore, the resonance point of surface plasma body resonant vibration is changed by the wave vector length controlling core, thus expand owing to external environment changes the movement of the resonant wavelength caused, improve the sensitivity of sensor, achieve high-precision refractometry, and can be used for the research that highly sensitive biochemical reaction is analyzed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to optical pickocff field, more particularly, to a kind of Fibre Optical Sensor, preparation method and the system of measurement.
Background technology
Surface plasma body resonant vibration (SurfacePlasmonResonance, SPR) most successful biochemistry detection technology during detection technique is over the past thirty years, be widely used in proteomics, the life science such as cellular signal transduction, receptor/ligand, antibody/antigen molecule are fished, Immune discrimination, cancer research and new medicament screen, bak protein can be realized, protein nucleic acid, real-time and the dynamic studies of the bio-molecular interaction processes such as new drug molecular target albumen, it has also become the conventional tool in life sciences and pharmacy research.In recent years, due to Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance have compact conformation, highly sensitive, can monitor in real time, be easily achieved specific detection, and need not labelling sample, and the in situ advantage such as (insitu) on-line monitoring, it is thus achieved that study concern widely.Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance generally uses traditional multimode fibre or single-mode fiber.The big core diameter multimode fibre of multimode fibre surface plasma resonance sensor many employings plastic envelope makes, it has the advantages such as simple and reliable, measurement is convenient, numerous yet with the pattern count participating in sensing, this makes the halfwidth of absworption peak wider, and sensitivity is relatively low；The surface plasma resonance sensor performance of single-mode fiber is compared multimode fibre spr sensor and is increased, but owing to structure is excessively simple, mould field is step distribution, and the regulation and control to evanscent field are inadequate, and sensitivity is relatively low.
Photonic crystal fiber is a kind of novel optical fiber, and it has good design flexibility, scalable and the transmission mode of control light and magnetic distribution, thus realizes more more preferable transmission characteristic than traditional fiber, has good application prospect in fields such as communication, sensings.Hassani in 2006 et al. proposes a kind of Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance based on photonic crystal, by sensing passage is integrated in the covering of optical fiber, available core directly excitating surface plasma wave in external annulus metallic film surface, thus realize highly sensitive detection, but this sensor design requires at the airport inner surface plated film near fibre core, therefore sensor prepare extremely difficult, and this design lacks the detection methods of the endoporus forming thin film form in intermediate link.Liu De in 2012 is bright et al. proposes the design of a kind of Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance based on all solid state photonic crystal fiber side throwing, it uses simple glass photonic crystal fiber to prepare, but owing to not making full use of the photonic crystal fiber regulating and controlling effect to electromagnetic field, its sensitivity is low.Prior art has yet to be improved and developed.
Summary of the invention
Disadvantages described above or Improvement requirement for prior art, the invention provides a kind of Fibre Optical Sensor, its object is to improve the performance of sensor, and it is prone to batch production, thus solution prior art is not owing to making full use of the photonic crystal fiber regulating and controlling effect to electromagnetic field, and the problem causing the performance deficiency of sensor.
The invention provides a kind of Fibre Optical Sensor, including D-shaped photonic crystal fiber, the cross section of described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is D-shaped makes described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber have a plane, and its described plane is attached with nano metal sensing layer.
Further, described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber being provided with centre porosity and surrounding pore, described surrounding pore is the most regularly arranged around described centre porosity, and described surrounding pore is for limiting leaking of light field.
Further, described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is to be filled with the refractive index for regulating and controlling transmission light and the solution of dispersivity in Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers, and the centre bore of described Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers.
Further, described solution is the mixture of methanol and ethylene glycol.
Further, described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is alternatively fluoro-containing plastic photonic crystal fiber, and the center of described fluoro-containing plastic photonic crystal fiber is solid and is arranged around restricted pore.
Further, described nano metal sensing layer is metal flat film, metal nanoparticle or metal array micro structure.
Further, the thickness of described metal flat film is 20nm-80nm.
Described metal film can be the nanoparticle of irregular alignment, or has the nano metal attachment of micro array structure.
Present invention also offers the preparation method of a kind of Fibre Optical Sensor, comprise the steps:
By side rubbing down technique or laser micro process, axially photonic crystal fiber is processed into D-shaped photonic crystal fiber；
Centre bore at photonic crystal fiber fills index modulation liquid；
Described Fibre Optical Sensor is formed after the metal film that a layer thickness is nanometer scale is adhered in the side throwing face of described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber.
Further, the thickness of described metal film is 20nm-80nm.
Further, the side throwing mask at described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber has a steam vent.
Further, the refractive index of described index modulation liquid is 1.33-1.40.
Present invention also offers a kind of Optical Fiber Sensor Measurement System, including: light source, Polarization Controller and the condenser lens being sequentially connected with, analyzer, detector and the signal processing unit being sequentially connected with, the bonder that input is connected with the outfan of described condenser lens by polarization maintaining optical fibre and outfan is connected with the input of described analyzer by polarization maintaining optical fibre, and be connected with the end that controls of described bonder and be arranged at the Fibre Optical Sensor in solution to be measured；During work, the light that light source sends becomes the line polarized light being perpendicular to Fibre Optical Sensor side throwing face through Polarization Controller, line polarized light is focused and is coupled to through condenser lens in polarization maintaining optical fibre, optical signal is sensed via in bonder entrance Fibre Optical Sensor as transmission channel by polarization maintaining optical fibre, optical signal after sensing again passes by sensing unit after being reflected in terminal, by bonder by polarization maintaining optical fibre transmission to analyzer cross noise filtering laggard enter detector carry out opto-electronic conversion, signal demodulation is carried out by signal processing unit, thus detection obtains the specific refractivity of metal surface area, and further obtain sensor surface treat measurement information.
Present invention also offers a kind of Optical Fiber Sensor Measurement System, including: light source, Polarization Controller, condenser lens, the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, the first bonder, Fibre Optical Sensor, the second bonder, the second polarization maintaining optical fibre, analyzer, detector and the signal processing unit being sequentially connected with；During work, the light that light source sends becomes the line polarized light being perpendicular to Fibre Optical Sensor side throwing face through Polarization Controller, line polarized light is in condenser lens is focused and is coupled to the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, sensed in the first bonder enters Fibre Optical Sensor as transmission channel by the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, and be coupled in the second polarization maintaining optical fibre of connection analyzer by the second bonder, enter detector after being filtered, by analyzer, the noise introduced in sensing and transmitting procedure and carry out opto-electronic conversion, signal demodulation is carried out by signal processing unit, thus detection obtains the specific refractivity of metal surface area, and further obtain sensor surface treat measurement information.
The present invention also can use low birefringence fluoride plastic optical fiber to be substrate, is processed into D-shaped, and forms Fibre Optical Sensor after the plane plating nano-metal film of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber；This substrate optical fiber has relatively low specific refractivity and certain dispersivity, it is possible to regulation controls the equivalent refractive index of optical fiber core, thus changes the resonance point position of surface plasma body resonant vibration, improves the performance of sensor；And simple in construction, easy to use, volume is little, it is easy to batch production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the cross sectional representation of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber in the Fibre Optical Sensor that the embodiment of the present invention provides；A in (), Fibre Optical Sensor uses plastics or the special glass material of low-refraction height chromatic dispersion material；B in (), Fibre Optical Sensor is full airport photonic crystal fiber, and after centre bore filling has the liquid of low-refraction, the equivalent refractive index of its fibre core is still greater than the equivalent refractive index of pore covering；A the mode of operation of (), (b) is refractive-index-guiding type；A the design of () and (b) can regulate light wave vector, difference is that one is that material properties is fixed, and another fills solution ratio by change can also adjust resonance point position again.
Fig. 2 is that in the D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor that the embodiment of the present invention provides, filling refractive index is the resonance image during liquid of 1.39, for explanation by impact on resonant position after regulation wave vector, this effect is equally applicable to sensor design based on fluoro-containing plastic photonic crystal fiber；A ()-(e) is external environment condition medium refraction index surface plasmon absorption spectrogram when being 1.32-1.36；F () is the corresponding relation of external environment condition medium refraction index and resonant wavelength, it can be seen that sensor has good linear relationship in outside ambient refractive index [1.32-1.36] interval.
Fig. 3 is the electric-field enhancing effect that the D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor that the embodiment of the present invention provides causes owing to there is surface plasma body resonant vibration, the electric field density distribution on cross section when (a) is the work of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber；B () is the electric field density distribution along A line of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber.
Fig. 4 is to fill different refractivity (1.46,1.44,1.42 in the D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor that the embodiment of the present invention provides, 1.40,1.39,1.38) after solution, the physical image that sensor core resonates with surface plasma mode coupling；The Meta Materials using low refractive material has identical physical image when being prepared as D-shaped Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance for detecting.
Fig. 5 is for configuring the dispersion curve of the bi-material filling solution of low-refraction height dispersion, i.e. ethylene glycol and methanol.
The end reflection formula Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance that Fig. 6 embodiment of the present invention provides.
The on-line normalization formula Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance that Fig. 7 embodiment of the present invention provides.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.As long as just can be mutually combined additionally, technical characteristic involved in each embodiment of invention described below does not constitutes conflict each other.
The D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor that the embodiment of the present invention provides is a kind of optical pickocff, this transducer sensitivity is high, it is a kind of practicable high performance Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance, traditional sensors defect in preparation and performance before solution；This sensor has simple in construction, highly sensitive, easy to use, volume is little, it is easy to the features such as batch production.
In embodiments of the present invention, Fibre Optical Sensor is based on photonic crystal fiber processing preparation, and the metal film composition of the plane plating nano thickness at D-shaped optical fiber.By side rubbing down photonic crystal fiber to certain depth so that optical fiber shape becomes D-shaped, its evanscent field is prone to leak and at metal surface excitating surface plasmon；The fibre core of photonic crystal fiber uses to be had relatively low-refraction and the material of high dispersivity or uses mixed solution to fill the centre porosity of photonic crystal fiber, the transmission of light in fibre core is controlled with regulation, change resonance point position when surface plasma excites, thus improve the sensitivity of sensor.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, photonic crystal fiber can use has the plastics of low-refraction high dispersivity or special glass material and doping process realizes, wherein low-refraction is for common quartz glass, i.e. less than the specific refractivity 1.4457 of common quartz glass, recommendation is 1.33-1.40, this material may be considered metamaterial, the general refractive index that can be reduced material by fluorine doped, for high dispersion is also relative quartz glass, it is desirable to Abbe (Abbe) numerical value is less than 20.This plastic optical fiber can be fluorinated polymer material, such as polyhexafluoro isopropyl-2-fluoro acrylic ester (poly(hexafluoroisopropyl2-fluoroacrylate), PHFIP2-FA), its refractive index is well below the refractive index of ordinary glass material, and the plastic optical fiber dispersion of this polar material is strong, has less Abbe.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, D-shaped photonic crystal fiber can use hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, and at centre bore selective filling solution, by selecting the solution composition of centre bore to realize the regulation and control transmitting light in fibre core, core is made to have relatively low refractive index (1.33-1.40) and high dispersivity, wherein, the mixture that solution can be methanol and ethylene glycol is filled；The dispersion relation of both materials as it is shown in figure 5, wherein methanol solution there is relatively low refractive index, and ethylene glycol has higher refractive index, and alcohol solution intersolubility is good, meets allotment demand；Because containing abundant polarity OH root in material, the dispersivity of solution is the strongest.Certain this filling solution can also is that other solution mixes.
This Fibre Optical Sensor includes D-shaped photonic crystal fiber, and the cross section of described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is D-shaped makes described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber have a plane, and this plane is attached with nano metal sensing layer.
In embodiments of the present invention, metal structure for sensing can be the noble metal film with high conductivity, such as the gold, silver prepared by physical evaporation, platinum etc., or metal Nano structure particle, such as the nano-particle using chemical method to prepare, and it is coated in optical fiber surface；It can be also the surface metal attachment with micro array structure, this nano array structure can be prepared by electron beam lithography, additional electromagnetic field can excite local surface plasma ripple (LocalizedSurfacePlasmonResonance on the metal array structure of this sub-wavelength length, LSPR), local surface plasma ripple also can cause strong electric-field enhancing effect.The nano-particle of island or metal array can produce the strongest resonance absorption effect to photon energy, and the absorbing wavelength of resonance absorbance spectrum depends on the microcosmos structure characteristic of metal material, such as composition, shape, structure, size, local conductivity.Highly sensitive biochemistry detection can be realized by local surface plasma resonance spectrum.
In embodiments of the present invention, the method preparing above-mentioned liquid-core optical fiber sensor specifically includes:
By side rubbing down technique or laser micro process, axially photonic crystal fiber is processed into D-shaped photonic crystal fiber；
Centre bore at photonic crystal fiber fills index modulation liquid；
Described Fibre Optical Sensor is formed after the metal film that a layer thickness is nanometer scale is adhered in the side throwing face of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber.
Wherein it is possible to be first processed into D-shaped photonic crystal fiber, then in the centre bore of photonic crystal fiber, fill index modulation liquid, it is also possible to after first filling index modulation liquid, be reprocessed into D-shaped photonic crystal fiber.The refractive index of this index modulation liquid is 1.33-1.40.
In embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparation solid core fibres sensor specifically includes:
The fluoro-containing plastic photonic crystal fiber using low refractive material is substrate；
By side rubbing down technique or laser micro process, substrate is processed into D-shaped photonic crystal fiber；
Described Fibre Optical Sensor is formed after the plane of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber plates the metal film that a layer thickness is nanometer scale.
In the embodiment of the present invention, it is substrate that photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor uses low refractive material or Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers to fill solution, and after being processed into D-shaped, plating nano-metal film preparation becomes Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance.Substrate optical fiber is adjustably controlled the equivalent refractive index of optical fiber core, thus changes the resonance point position of surface plasma body resonant vibration, improves the performances such as transducer sensitivity.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, photonic crystal fiber can use has the plastics of low-refraction high dispersivity or special glass material and doping process realizes, plastic optical fiber can be fluorinated polymer material, such as polyhexafluoro isopropyl-2-fluoro acrylic ester (poly (hexafluoroisopropyl2-fluoroacrylate), PHFIP2-FA), its refractive index is well below the refractive index of ordinary glass material.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor can use hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, and in centre porosity, fill solution, core is made to have relatively low refractive index (1.33-1.40) and high dispersivity (Abbe number Vd < 20), described filling solution can be the mixture of methanol and ethylene glycol, and the ratio filling solution by changing centre bore realizes the regulation to Fibre Optical Sensor core mould.
As described above, metal film can be the noble metal film with high conductivity, such as gold, silver, platinum etc., due to the stable chemical nature of gold, is preferred object, and thickness is 20-80 nanometer；Can also be the noble metal nano particles of chemical preparation, be coated in side throwing plane；Electron beam lithography method can also be used, side throwing face is prepared nano metal array.
In embodiments of the present invention, photonic crystal fiber is that the D-shaped optical fiber removed is thrown in side, machinery can be used to throw remove or Laser Micro-Machining realization, the optical fiber after processing is being thrown except side retains a steam vent to retrain the propagation of light, the most beneficially leakage of evanscent field and exciting of surface plasma wave.Being provided with centre porosity and surrounding pore on photonic crystal fiber, described surrounding pore is the most regularly arranged around centre porosity, and around pore can be irregularly shaped or present the distribution of different shape.Wherein, different shape refers to that around pore can be circular hole, triangle pore or oval pore etc., and can compare gathering can also vary in size.In embodiments of the present invention, only require that to limit leaking of light field with pore the most permissible.
The Fibre Optical Sensor provided for the further description embodiment of the present invention, as follows in conjunction with detailed description:
Fig. 1 shows the D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor schematic cross-section that the embodiment of the present invention provides.In Fig. 1, (a) uses plastics or the special glass material of low-refraction height chromatic dispersion material；B () is full airport photonic crystal fiber, and after centre bore is filled and had the liquid of low-refraction, the equivalent refractive index of its fibre core still greater than the equivalent refractive index of pore covering,；A (), (b) mode of operation is refractive-index-guiding type.
Wherein, low-refraction, high dispersion liquid can be the mixed solution of methanol and ethylene glycol, can be by the equivalent refractive index of the proportioning regulation optical fiber core of solution.The most regularly arranged Minute pores of fiber core.Along described axial side polishing fibre, after side throwing, retain ground floor covering pore.At the nano level metal film of side throwing planar depositions, film thickness is less than 100nm, preferably 20nm-80nm.After have employed the processing such as side throwing, the core propagated in optical fiber is easily leaked to outer surface, and the electric field component of its evanescent wave can cause the free electron in upper surface metal film to vibrate；Under specific interface layout, the surface plasma communication mode of this layout support should meet maxwell equation group, the surface plasma mould under the conditions of being i.e. somebody's turn to do.It is when the wave vector of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber guided modes is equal with the wave vector of surface plasma mould, the free electron vibration that now evanescent wave excites meets surface plasmon polaritons, produce strong resonance, the energy transfer making evanescent wave forms surface plasma wave, and the mathematical notation of this resonance is that the effective refractive index real part of guided modes is equal with the effective refractive index real part of surface plasma mould.When the layout of the change of surrounding medium refractive index, i.e. interface changes, its surface plasma body resonant vibration frequency (or resonant wavelength) changes the most therewith, and variation of resonant frequency is the biggest, and its sensitivity is the highest.The mass loading in metallic film surface, and the immune cohesive process detection being applied in biochemical sensitive just can be studied by variation of resonant frequency when measuring surface plasma body resonant vibration.
In embodiments of the present invention, by changing preparing material or filling solution at the centre porosity of photonic crystal fiber of photonic crystal fiber, can control the transmission state of Fibre Optical Sensor core mould, thus be conducive to improving the performance of sensor.Directly effective owing to filling solution, it is also easier to realize, we are by illustrate at the centre porosity of Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers filling solution below.
Fig. 2 is the resonance image of sensor when air-core photon crystal optical fiber centre porosity fills non-dispersive testing low-refractivity liquid (RI=1.39), and (a)-(e) is respectively external environment condition medium refraction index and is changed to the resonance image of 1.32-1.36；F () is the corresponding relation of external environment condition medium refraction index and resonant wavelength；Figure center line S1 represents the real part of described Fibre Optical Sensor plasma Effective index, line S2 represents the real part of described core effective refractive index, the surface plasma mould of the position of intersecting point Fibre Optical Sensor of online S1 and line S2 and the phase matched of core, the evanescent wave excitating surface plasmon in metal film revealed in optical fiber, produces strong resonance.Line S3 represents the imaginary part of described Fibre Optical Sensor core effective refractive index, and this numerical value is also proportional to the loss of sensor.When surrounding medium changes, resonant frequency changes, i.e. the position of intersecting point of line S1 and line S2 changes.Described Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance is through the change of resonant frequency to detect the variations in refractive index of external environment condition, and then obtains the mass loading change of metal surface, and studies the interaction process of biochemical reaction.
As shown in Figure 3, when there is surface plasma body resonant vibration, in the energy leakage of Fibre Optical Sensor core to metal level, the free electron in metal film is excited to produce collective oscillation, form surface plasma resonance, and produce significant electric-field enhancing on resonance interface.Scheming (a) in Fig. 3 is schematic cross-section, and line A is schematic lines；Figure (b) represents electric field density distribution in schematic lines, the distribution of electric field the most outwards gradually reduces under normal circumstances, it can be seen that resonate, at metal film height and position, one electric field peak the sharpest keen occurs, here it is the electric-field enhancing effect caused due to generation surface plasma body resonant vibration.
In embodiments of the present invention, adjust the wave vector length in core region by filling solution, thus it is possible to vary resonance point position, namely resonant frequency changes, and expand the difference of resonant wavelength under varying environment refractive index further, thus realize the raising of surface plasma resonance sensor performance.Fig. 4 represents that the visual representation in resonance image of the described resonance point, round dot line S4 and Diamond spot line S5 represents that surrounding medium refractive index is surface plasma mould when 1.33 and 1.34 respectively after air-core photon crystal optical fiber centre porosity fills different solutions.Can be seen that, along with the refractive index filling liquid reduces, fibre core guided modes effective refractive index reduces, figure represents with black line L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 of not isolabeling point, it gradually moves down with the intersection point of line S4, line S5, wavelength difference between two intersection points dramatically increases simultaneously, and after therefore filling the liquid of relatively low-refraction, the sensitivity of described sensor significantly improves, and greatly exceed fibre core is sensitivity during silica glass material (specific refractivity of ordinary optic fibre material is 1.4457).
As shown in Fig. 4 center line S6, when solution is high dispersion liquid, its Calculation of Sensitivity uses two different core refractive indexs and line S4 and the intersection point of line S5, namely two stains in figure, and the performance of sensor will be further enhanced.And use the solution with polar group, such as methanol and ethylene glycol, high dispersion can be readily available, Abel's number of methanol and ethylene glycol is respectively 13.66 and 12.86, and the material of ordinary optic fibre generally uses low dispersion to adapt to signal communication need, therefore its dispersivity is the most weak, and its Abbe number is about 68.By adjusting the slope of core, the movement of bigger resonant wavelength can be obtained, as shown in the line S6 in Fig. 4, compared to two position of intersecting point during original non-dispersive, use high dispersion mixed solution that the equivalent refractive index line slope of core is increased, and strengthen the difference of resonant wavelength further, thus it is greatly improved the sensitivity of sensor.
Present invention also offers a kind of D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor and measure system, wherein, this measurement system includes: light source, Polarization Controller, condenser lens, polarization maintaining optical fibre, bonder, Fibre Optical Sensor, analyzer, detector and signal processing unit；Each assembly of system is sequentially connected with as is seen in fig. 6 or fig. 7；Measurement system can use fl transmission formula layout (as shown in Figure 6) or end face reflection type layout (as shown in Figure 7).
In Fig. 6, the light that light source sends becomes the line polarized light being perpendicular to side throwing face through Polarization Controller, polarized light is focused and is coupled to through condenser lens in polarization maintaining optical fibre, optical signal is sensed via in bonder entrance Fibre Optical Sensor as transmission channel by polarization maintaining optical fibre, optical signal after sensing again passes by sensing unit after being reflected in terminal, by bonder by polarization maintaining optical fibre transmission to analyzer cross noise filtering laggard enter detector carry out opto-electronic conversion, signal demodulation is carried out by signal processing unit, thus detection obtains the specific refractivity of metal surface area, and further obtain sensor surface treat measurement information.
In Fig. 7, the light that light source sends becomes the line polarized light being perpendicular to side throwing face through Polarization Controller, line polarized light is in condenser lens is focused and is coupled to the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, sensed in the first bonder enters Fibre Optical Sensor as transmission channel by the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, and be coupled in the second polarization maintaining optical fibre of connection analyzer by the second bonder, enter detector after being filtered, by analyzer, the noise introduced in sensing and transmitting procedure and carry out opto-electronic conversion, signal demodulation is carried out by signal processing unit, thus detection obtains the specific refractivity of metal surface area, and further obtain sensor surface treat measurement information.
In embodiments of the present invention, in D-shaped optical fiber surface plasmon body sensor, free electron could be driven to vibrate owing to being only perpendicular to the electric field component of metallic film surface, therefore introduce Polarization Controller and use polarization maintaining optical fibre to connect the polarization state being conducive to controlling and keep conduction light, eliminating the base affection of S-polarization light.End reflection formula sensor plates total reflection film in one end of sensor, and reflectance coating uses gold film, and its thickness is more than 300nm.As one embodiment of the present of invention, light source can be wideband white light source.Polarized light controller control to participate in the light of sensing be electric field vector normal in the light component of side throwing plane, namely P polarization light.Use polarization maintaining optical fibre to keep light polarization state in transmitting procedure.Condenser lens control P polarization light is focused into and is mapped in optical fiber.Light source sends wideband white, exports P polarization light by Polarization Controller, in line focus Lens Coupling to conduction optical fiber, then detects through bonder entrance D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor.In the structure of end reflection formula in figure 6, launch arrived the end face being coated with reflecting mirror by the extraneous light modulated after, again pass by sensing unit and enter detector through bonder, finally by signal processing unit, signal being processed；In the structure of Fig. 7 on-line normalization formula, modulated light is directly coupled to detector.
In embodiments of the present invention, Polarization Controller controls to participate in the light of sensing is the light that electric field component is perpendicular to side throwing face；Be can ensure that by Polarization Controller and analyzer the light of only P polarization participates in sensing, use polarization maintaining optical fibre then can keep light polarization state in the transmission, signal processing unit can be remarkably improved the signal to noise ratio of sensor with the polarized component of assist process optical signal by these assemblies.D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasmon sensor is measured the signal processing of system and is divided into two steps, the first step, measure system with D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor and measure background signal, reference signal and the intensity of solution signal to be measured respectively, second step, using the ratio of the intensity of solution signal subtracting background signal to be measured and the intensity of reference signal subtracting background signal as refractive index or biology, chemical molecular measurement parameter.
In embodiments of the present invention, D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor has outer surface level, the function film the most not only preparing metal sensing layer and biochemical sensitive is very convenient simply, and the character of thin film and state can be monitored, so that it is guaranteed that the reliability of sensor.As can be seen from Figure 4, by controlling the wave vector length of core, the resonance point of surface plasma body resonant vibration can be changed, and compared to traditional silica glass core, this design substantially increases the sensitivity of sensor, thus realize high-precision refractometry, and can be applicable to the Application in Sensing such as biochemistry, immune detection.
Should be understood that; the application of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned citing; for those of ordinary skills; the D-shaped photonic crystal fiber of low-refraction height chromatic dispersion material is used for refractive index and biological, the measurement of chemical molecular; and improved according to the above description or convert, all these modifications and variations all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (12)
1. a Fibre Optical Sensor, it is characterised in that include D-shaped photonic crystal fiber, the cross section of described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is D-shaped makes described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber have a plane, and its described plane is attached with nano metal sensing layer；
Described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is to be filled with the refractive index for regulating and controlling transmission light and the solution of dispersivity in Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers, and the centre bore of described Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers.
2. Fibre Optical Sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, being provided with centre porosity and surrounding pore on described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber, described surrounding pore is the most regularly arranged around described centre porosity, and described surrounding pore is for limiting leaking of light field.
3. Fibre Optical Sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described solution is the mixture of methanol and ethylene glycol.
4. Fibre Optical Sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber is fluoro-containing plastic photonic crystal fiber, and the center of described fluoro-containing plastic photonic crystal fiber is solid and is arranged around restricted pore.
5. the Fibre Optical Sensor as described in any one of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that described nano metal sensing layer is metal flat film, metal nanoparticle or metal array micro structure.
Described Fibre Optical Sensor the most as claimed in claim 5, it is characterised in that the thickness of described metal flat film is 20nm-80nm.
7. the preparation method of a Fibre Optical Sensor, it is characterised in that comprise the steps:
By side rubbing down technique or laser micro process, axially photonic crystal fiber is processed into D-shaped photonic crystal fiber；
Centre bore at photonic crystal fiber fills index modulation liquid；
Described Fibre Optical Sensor is formed after the metal film that a layer thickness is nanometer scale is adhered in the side throwing face of described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber.
8. preparation method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the thickness of described metal film is 20nm-80nm.
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 7 or 8, it is characterised in that remain with a steam vent in the side throwing face of described D-shaped photonic crystal fiber.
10. preparation method as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that the refractive index of described index modulation liquid is 1.33-1.40.
11. 1 kinds of Optical Fiber Sensor Measurement System, it is characterized in that, including: light source, Polarization Controller and the condenser lens being sequentially connected with, analyzer, detector and the signal processing unit being sequentially connected with, the bonder that input is connected with the outfan of described condenser lens by polarization maintaining optical fibre and outfan is connected with the input of described analyzer by polarization maintaining optical fibre, and the Fibre Optical Sensor as described in any one of claim 1-6 being connected with the control end of described bonder and being arranged in solution to be measured；
During work, the light that light source sends becomes the line polarized light being perpendicular to Fibre Optical Sensor side throwing face through Polarization Controller, line polarized light is focused and is coupled to through condenser lens in polarization maintaining optical fibre, optical signal is sensed in bonder is transferred to Fibre Optical Sensor as transmission channel by polarization maintaining optical fibre, optical signal after sensing again passes by sensing unit after being reflected in terminal, by bonder by polarization maintaining optical fibre transmission to analyzer cross noise filtering laggard enter detector carry out opto-electronic conversion, signal demodulation is carried out by signal processing unit, thus detection obtains the specific refractivity of metal surface area, and further obtain sensor surface treat measurement information.
12. 1 kinds of Optical Fiber Sensor Measurement System, it is characterized in that, including: the light source that is sequentially connected with, Polarization Controller, condenser lens, the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, the first bonder, Fibre Optical Sensor, the second bonder, the second polarization maintaining optical fibre, analyzer, detector and signal processing unit as described in any one of claim 1-6；
During work, the light that light source sends becomes the line polarized light being perpendicular to Fibre Optical Sensor side throwing face through Polarization Controller, line polarized light is in condenser lens is focused and is coupled to the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, sensed in the first bonder enters Fibre Optical Sensor as transmission channel by the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, and be coupled in the second polarization maintaining optical fibre of connection analyzer by the second bonder, enter detector after the noise introduced in analyzer filters sensing and transmitting procedure and carry out opto-electronic conversion, signal demodulation is carried out by signal processing unit, thus detection obtains the specific refractivity of metal surface area, and further obtain sensor surface treat measurement information.
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| CN104165684B (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2017-01-18 | 中国计量学院 | Surface plasmon resonance-based supersensitive hydrophone |
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| CN108088798B (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2023-11-24 | 燕山大学 | Microstructure optical fiber |
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