CN103398974A - Optical-fiber sensor, preparation method and measuring system - Google Patents
Optical-fiber sensor, preparation method and measuring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103398974A CN103398974A CN2013103257963A CN201310325796A CN103398974A CN 103398974 A CN103398974 A CN 103398974A CN 2013103257963 A CN2013103257963 A CN 2013103257963A CN 201310325796 A CN201310325796 A CN 201310325796A CN 103398974 A CN103398974 A CN 103398974A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical-fiber sensor, a preparation method and a measuring system. The optical-fiber sensor comprises a D-shaped photonic crystal optical fiber, wherein the cross section of the D-shaped photonic crystal optical fiber is D-shaped, so that the D-shaped photonic crystal optical fiber has a plane on which a nano metal sensing layer is adhered. The optical-fiber sensor disclosed by the invention adopts the D-shaped photonic crystal optical fiber, the D-shaped photonic crystal optical fiber can be a hollow photonic crystal optical fiber, a central hole is filled with a solution for controlling the effective refractive index and dispersivity of transmitting light, and resonance points of surface plasma resonance is changed by controlling the wave vector length of a core mold, so that the movement of resonance wavelength caused by change of external environment is expanded, the sensitivity of the sensor is improved, and high-accuracy refractive index measurement is realized; the optical-fiber sensor, the preparation method and the measuring system can be used for researching the high-sensitivity biochemical reaction analysis.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the optical sensor field, more specifically, relate to a kind of Fibre Optical Sensor, preparation method and measuring system.
Background technology
Surface plasma body resonant vibration (SurfacePlasmonResonance, SPR) detection technique is the most successful biochemistry detection technology in 30 years in the past, be widely used in that proteomics, cellular signal transduction, receptor/ligand, antibody/antigen molecule are fished, the life science such as immune identification, cancer research and new medicament screen, can realize protein-protein, protein-nucleic acid, real-time and the dynamic studies of the bio-molecular interaction processes such as new drug molecule-target protein, become the tool master in life science and pharmacy research.In recent years, because but Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance has compact conformation, highly sensitive Real-Time Monitoring, is easy to realize specific detection, and do not need the mark sample, and the advantage such as original position (in situ) on-line monitoring, obtain research widely and pay close attention to.Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance uses traditional multimode optical fiber or single-mode fiber usually.The multimode optical fiber surface plasma resonance sensor adopts the large core diameter multimode optical fiber of plastics covering to make more, it has the advantages such as simple and reliable, that measurement is convenient, yet because the pattern count that participates in sensing is numerous, this makes the halfwidth of absorption peak wider, and sensitivity is lower; The surface plasma resonance sensor performance of single-mode fiber is compared the multimode optical fiber spr sensor and is increased, but because structure is too simple, the mould field is step and distributes, and inadequate to the regulation and control of evanscent field, sensitivity is also relatively low.
Photonic crystal fiber is a kind of novel optical fiber, and it has good design flexibility, but the transmission mode of regulation and control light and electromagnetic field distribution, thus realize than the better transport property of traditional fiber, in fields such as communication, sensings, good application prospect is arranged.The people such as Hassani had proposed a kind of Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance based on photonic crystal in 2006, by sensing passage being integrated in the covering of optical fiber, can utilize directly excitating surface plasma ripple on the external annulus metallic film surface of core, thereby realize highly sensitive detection, but this sensor design requires at the airport inside surface plated film near fibre core, therefore the preparation of sensor is very difficult, and this design lacks the detection methods of the endoporus forming thin film form in intermediate link.The bright people of grade of Liu De had proposed a kind of Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance design of based on all solid state photonic crystal fiber side, throwing in 2012, it adopts the preparation of simple glass photonic crystal fiber, but owing to not taking full advantage of the regulating and controlling effect of photonic crystal fiber to electromagnetic field, its sensitivity is low.Prior art has yet to be improved and developed.
Summary of the invention
Above defect or Improvement requirement for prior art, the invention provides a kind of Fibre Optical Sensor, its purpose is to improve the performance of sensor, and be easy to batch production, solve thus prior art owing to not taking full advantage of the regulating and controlling effect of photonic crystal fiber to electromagnetic field, and cause the problem of the performance deficiency of sensor.
The invention provides a kind of Fibre Optical Sensor, comprise D shape photonic crystal fiber, the xsect of described D shape photonic crystal fiber is D shape and makes described D shape photonic crystal fiber have a plane, and its described plane is attached with the nano metal sensing layer.
Further, be provided with centre porosity and pore on every side on described D shape photonic crystal fiber, described around pore around described centre porosity along axially regularly arranged, described around pore be used for leaking of restriction light field.
Further, described D shape photonic crystal fiber is Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers, and is filled with in the center pit of described Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for the refractive index of regulation and control transmission light and the solution of dispersivity.
Further, described solution is the potpourri of methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol.
Further, described D shape photonic crystal fiber also can be the fluoro-containing plastic photonic crystal fiber, and the center of described fluoro-containing plastic photonic crystal fiber is solid and is provided with the restriction pore on every side.
Further, described nano metal sensing layer is metal flat film, metal nanoparticle or metal array microstructure.
Further, the thickness of described metal flat film is 20nm-80nm.
Described metal film can be the nano particle of irregular alignment, or has the nano metal attachment of micro array structure.
The present invention also provides a kind of preparation method of Fibre Optical Sensor, comprises the steps:
By side rubbing down technique or Laser Micro-Machining technique, along axially photonic crystal fiber being processed into D shape photonic crystal fiber;
Center pit at photonic crystal fiber is filled index modulation liquid;
After adhering to the metal film that a layer thickness is nanometer scale, the side throwing face of described D shape photonic crystal fiber forms described Fibre Optical Sensor.
Further, the thickness of described metal film is 20nm-80nm.
Further, throw mask in the side of described D shape photonic crystal fiber one vent port is arranged.
Further, the refractive index of described index modulation liquid is 1.33-1.40.
the present invention also provides a kind of Optical Fiber Sensor Measurement System, comprise: the light source, Polarization Controller and the condenser lens that connect successively, the analyzer, detector and the signal processing unit that connect successively, the coupling mechanism that input end is connected with the output terminal of described condenser lens by polarization maintaining optical fibre and output terminal is connected with the input end of described analyzer by polarization maintaining optical fibre, and be connected with the control end of described coupling mechanism and be arranged at Fibre Optical Sensor in solution to be measured, during work, the light that light source sends becomes the linearly polarized light of throwing face perpendicular to the Fibre Optical Sensor side through Polarization Controller, linearly polarized light is focused and is coupled in polarization maintaining optical fibre through condenser lens, light signal is entered in Fibre Optical Sensor and carries out sensing via coupling mechanism as transmission channel by polarization maintaining optical fibre, light signal after sensing passes through sensing unit again after being reflected on terminal, transfer to after the analyzer filtered noise and enter detector and carry out opto-electronic conversion by polarization maintaining optical fibre by coupling mechanism, carry out the signal demodulation by signal processing unit, thereby detect the specific refractivity that obtains the zone, metal surface, and further obtain the measurement information for the treatment of of sensor surface.
the present invention also provides a kind of Optical Fiber Sensor Measurement System, comprising: the light source, Polarization Controller, condenser lens, the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, the first coupling mechanism, Fibre Optical Sensor, the second coupling mechanism, the second polarization maintaining optical fibre, analyzer, detector and the signal processing unit that connect successively, during work, the light that light source sends becomes the linearly polarized light of throwing face perpendicular to the Fibre Optical Sensor side through Polarization Controller, linearly polarized light is focused and is coupled in the first polarization maintaining optical fibre through condenser lens, enter in Fibre Optical Sensor and carry out sensing through the first coupling mechanism as transmission channel by the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, and be coupled in the second polarization maintaining optical fibre that connects analyzer by the second coupling mechanism, carry out opto-electronic conversion by entering detector after the noise of introducing in analyzer filtration sensing and transmitting procedure, carry out the signal demodulation by signal processing unit, thereby detect the specific refractivity that obtains the zone, metal surface, and further obtain the measurement information for the treatment of of sensor surface.
It is substrate that the present invention also can adopt low refraction fluoride plastic optical fiber, is processed into D shape, and forms Fibre Optical Sensor after the plating nano-metal film of the plane of D shape photonic crystal fiber; This substrate optical fiber has lower specific refractivity and certain dispersivity, can regulate the equivalent refractive index of controlling the optical fiber core, thereby changes the resonance point position of surface plasma body resonant vibration, has improved the performance of sensor; And simple in structure, easy to use, volume is little, be easy to the batch production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross sectional representation of D shape photonic crystal fiber in the Fibre Optical Sensor that provides of the embodiment of the present invention; (a) in, Fibre Optical Sensor adopts plastics or the special glass material of the high chromatic dispersion material of low-refraction; (b) in, Fibre Optical Sensor is full airport photonic crystal fiber, and after center pit is filled and to be had the liquid of low-refraction, and the equivalent refractive index of its fibre core is still greater than the equivalent refractive index of pore covering; (a), the mode of operation of (b) is the refractive-index-guiding type; (a) and design (b) can regulate light wave and vow, difference is that one is that material properties is fixing, another fills solution ratio by change can also adjust the resonance point position again.
Fig. 2 is the resonance image when refractive index is provided in the D shape photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor that provides of the embodiment of the present invention is 1.39 liquid, be used for explanation by regulating after wave vector the impact of resonant position, this effect is equally applicable to the sensor design based on the fluoro-containing plastic photonic crystal fiber; Surface plasma body resonant vibration abosrption spectrogram while (a)-(e) for the external environment condition medium refraction index, being 1.32-1.36; (f) be the corresponding relation of external environment condition medium refraction index and resonant wavelength, can find out that sensor externally has good linear relationship in environment refractive index [1.32-1.36] interval.
Fig. 3 is the D shape photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor that provides of the embodiment of the present invention due to the electric field enhancement effect that surface plasma body resonant vibration occurs causes, the electric field density distribution while (a) be the work of D shape photonic crystal fiber on xsect; (b) be the distribution of the electric field density of D shape photonic crystal fiber along the A line.
Fig. 4 fills different refractivity (1.46,1.44,1.42 in the D shape photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor that provides of the embodiment of the present invention, 1.40,1.39,1.38) solution after, the physical image of sensor core and surface plasma mode coupling resonance; Adopt the super material of low refractive material be prepared into D shape Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance for detection of the time have an identical physical image.
Fig. 5 is for the dispersion curve of the bi-material of the filling solution of the high dispersion of configuration low-refraction, i.e. ethylene glycol and methyl alcohol.
The end reflection formula Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance that Fig. 6 embodiment of the present invention provides.
The online conveying type Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance that Fig. 7 embodiment of the present invention provides.
Embodiment
, in order to make purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.In addition, below in each embodiment of described the present invention involved technical characterictic just can mutually not make up as long as form each other conflict.
The D shape photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor that the embodiment of the present invention provides is a kind of optical sensor, this transducer sensitivity is high, a kind of practicable high performance Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance, the defect of traditional sensors on preparation and performance before solving; That this sensor has is simple in structure, highly sensitive, easy to use, volume is little, is easy to the characteristics such as batch production.
In embodiments of the present invention, Fibre Optical Sensor is based on photonic crystal fiber processing preparation, and at the metal film of the plane of D shape optical fiber plating nano thickness, forms., to certain depth, make the optical fiber shape become D shape by side rubbing down photonic crystal fiber, its evanscent field is easy to leak and at metal surface excitating surface plasma excimer; The fibre core of photonic crystal fiber adopts to have than the material of low-refraction and high dispersivity or adopts mixed solution to fill the centre porosity of photonic crystal fiber, to regulate the transmission of controlling light in fibre core, resonance point position when the change surface plasma excites, thereby the sensitivity that improves sensor.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, photonic crystal fiber can adopt plastics or special glass material and the doping process realization with the high dispersivity of low-refraction, wherein low-refraction is with respect to common quartz glass, namely lower than the specific refractivity 1.4457 of common quartz glass, recommendation is 1.33-1.40, this material can be thought meta material, generally by mixing fluorine, can reduce the refractive index of material, high dispersion is also relative quartz glass, requires Abbe (Abbe) numerical value less than 20.This plastic optical fiber can be fluorinated polymer material, as poly-hexafluoro isopropyl-2-fluoro acrylic ester (poly(hexafluoroisopropyl2-fluoroacrylate), PHFIP2-FA), its refractive index is well below the refractive index of simple glass material, and the plastic optical fiber dispersion of this polar material is strong, has less Abbe numerical value.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, D shape photonic crystal fiber can adopt hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, and at center pit selective filling solution, realize regulation and control to transmission light in fibre core by the solution composition of selecting center pit, make core have lower refractive index (1.33-1.40) and high dispersivity, wherein, fill solution and can be the potpourri of methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol; As shown in Figure 5, wherein methanol solution has lower refractive index to the dispersion relation of this bi-material, and ethylene glycol has higher refractive index, and the alcohol solution mutual solubility is good, meets the allotment demand; Because contain abundant polarity OH root in material, the dispersivity of solution is very strong.Certain this filling solution can also be that other solution mixes.
This Fibre Optical Sensor comprises D shape photonic crystal fiber, and the xsect of described D shape photonic crystal fiber is D shape and makes described D shape photonic crystal fiber have a plane, and this plane is attached with the nano metal sensing layer.
In embodiments of the present invention, the metal construction that is used for sensing can be for having the noble metal film of high conductivity, as the gold, silver that prepare by physical evaporation, platinum etc., or the metal Nano structure particle, as the nano particle that adopts chemical method to prepare, and be coated in optical fiber surface; Also can be the surface metal attachment with micro array structure, this nano array structure can prepare by electron beam lithography, additional electromagnetic field can excite local surface plasma ripple (Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance on the metal array structure of this sub-wavelength length, LSPR), the local surface plasma ripple also can cause strong electric field enhancement effect.The nano particle of island or metal array can produce very strong resonance absorption effect to photon energy, and the absorbing wavelength of resonance absorption spectrum depends on the microcosmos structure characteristic of metal material, for example composition, shape, structure, size, local conductivity.Can realize highly sensitive biochemistry detection by local surface plasma resonance spectrum.
In embodiments of the present invention, the method for the above-mentioned liquid-core optical fiber sensor of preparation specifically comprises:
By side rubbing down technique or Laser Micro-Machining technique, along axially photonic crystal fiber being processed into D shape photonic crystal fiber;
Center pit at photonic crystal fiber is filled index modulation liquid;
After adhering to the metal film that a layer thickness is nanometer scale, the side throwing face of D shape photonic crystal fiber forms described Fibre Optical Sensor.
Wherein, can first be processed into D shape photonic crystal fiber, then fill index modulation liquid in the center pit of photonic crystal fiber, be reprocessed into D shape photonic crystal fiber after also can first filling index modulation liquid.The refractive index of this index modulation liquid is 1.33-1.40.
In embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the solid core fibres sensor specifically comprises:
Adopting the fluoro-containing plastic photonic crystal fiber of low refractive material is substrate;
By side rubbing down technique or Laser Micro-Machining technique, D shape photonic crystal fiber is processed in substrate;
After plating the metal film that a layer thickness is nanometer scale, the plane of D shape photonic crystal fiber forms described Fibre Optical Sensor.
In the embodiment of the present invention, it is substrate that the photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor adopts low refractive material or Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers to fill solution, and after being processed into D shape, the plating nano-metal film preparation becomes Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance.Substrate optical fiber can be regulated the equivalent refractive index of controlling the optical fiber core, thereby changes the resonance point position of surface plasma body resonant vibration, improves the performances such as transducer sensitivity.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, photonic crystal fiber can adopt plastics or special glass material and the doping process realization with the high dispersivity of low-refraction, plastic optical fiber can be fluorinated polymer material, as poly-hexafluoro isopropyl-2-fluoro acrylic ester (poly (hexafluoroisopropyl2-fluoroacrylate), PHFIP2-FA), its refractive index is well below the refractive index of simple glass material.
As one embodiment of the present of invention, D shape photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor can adopt hollow-core photonic crystal fiber, and fill solution in centre porosity, make core have lower refractive index (1.33-1.40) and high dispersivity (Abbe number Vd＜20), described filling solution can be the potpourri of methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol, by changing center pit, fills the adjusting of the ratio realization of solution to the Fibre Optical Sensor core mould.
As described above, metal film can, as gold, silver, platinum etc.,, due to the stable chemical nature of gold, be preferred object for having the noble metal film of high conductivity, and thickness is the 20-80 nanometer; Can be also the noble metal nano particles of chemical preparation, be coated in side and throw on plane; Also can adopt the electron beam lithography method, prepare the nano metal array on side throwing face.
In embodiments of the present invention, photonic crystal fiber is that the D shape optical fiber that removes is thrown in side, can adopt machinery to throw and remove or the Laser Micro-Machining realization, the optical fiber after processing, except side keeps a vent port to retrain the propagation of light, is conducive to the leakage of evanscent field and exciting of surface plasma wave in throwing simultaneously.Be provided with centre porosity and pore on every side on photonic crystal fiber, described around pore around centre porosity along axially regularly arranged, pore can be irregularly shaped or presents the distribution of different shape on every side.Wherein, different shape refers to that pore can be circular hole, triangle pore or oval pore etc. on every side, can relatively assemble also and can vary in size.In embodiments of the present invention, only require that to limit leaking of light field with pore just passable.
For the Fibre Optical Sensor that the further description embodiment of the present invention provides, existing details are as follows by reference to the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 shows the D shape photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor schematic cross-section that the embodiment of the present invention provides.In Fig. 1, (a) adopts plastics or the special glass material of the high chromatic dispersion material of low-refraction; (b) be full airport photonic crystal fiber, and after center pit is filled and to be had the liquid of low-refraction, the equivalent refractive index of its fibre core is still greater than the equivalent refractive index of pore covering; (a), (b) mode of operation is the refractive-index-guiding type.
Wherein, low-refraction, high dispersion liquid can be the mixed solution of methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol, can regulate by the proportioning of solution the equivalent refractive index of optical fiber core.Fibre core is on every side along axial regularly arranged small pore.Fine along described axial side polishing, after throwing, side keeps ground floor covering pore.Throw the nano level metal film of planar depositions in side, film thickness gets final product less than 100nm, is preferably 20nm-80nm.After having adopted the processing such as side throwing, the core of propagating in optical fiber easily is leaked to outside surface, and the electric field component of its evanescent wave can cause the free electron vibration in the upper surface metal film; Under specific interface layout, the surface plasma communication mode of this layout support should meet the Maxwell equation group, i.e. surface plasma phantom under this condition.When its wave vector when D shape photonic crystal fiber guided modes equates with the wave vector of surface plasma phantom, the free electron vibration that this moment, evanescent wave excited meets surface plasmon polaritons, produce strong resonance, make the energy of evanescent wave shift the formation surface plasma wave, the mathematical notation of this resonance is that the effective refractive index real part of guided modes equates with the effective refractive index real part of surface plasma phantom.When the change of surrounding medium refractive index, namely the layout at interface changes, and its surface plasma body resonant vibration frequency (or resonant wavelength) also changes thereupon, and variation of resonant frequency is larger, and its sensitivity is higher.Variation of resonant frequency during by the meter surface plasma resonance just can be studied the mass loading on metallic film surface, and the immune cohesive process that is applied in biochemical sensitive detects.
In embodiments of the present invention,, by changing preparing material or at the centre porosity of photonic crystal fiber, filling solution of photonic crystal fiber, can control the transmission state of Fibre Optical Sensor core mould, thereby be conducive to improve the performance of sensor.Solution is directly effective owing to filling, and also more easily realizes, below we will fill solution with the centre porosity at Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers and illustrate.
Fig. 2 is the resonance image of sensor when the air-core photon crystal optical fiber centre porosity is filled non-dispersive testing low-refractivity liquid (RI=1.39), (a)-(e) is respectively the external environment condition medium refraction index and is changed to the resonance image of 1.32-1.36; (f) be the corresponding relation of external environment condition medium refraction index and resonant wavelength; Figure center line S1 represents the real part of described Fibre Optical Sensor plasma Effective index, line S2 represents the real part of described core effective refractive index, the surface plasma phantom of the position of intersecting point Fibre Optical Sensor of online S1 and line S2 and the phase matching of core, the evanescent wave of revealing in optical fiber is the excitating surface plasma excimer in metal film, produces resonance strongly.Line S3 represents the imaginary part of described Fibre Optical Sensor core effective refractive index, and this numerical value also is proportional to the loss of sensor.When surrounding medium changed, resonant frequency changed, and namely the position of intersecting point of line S1 and line S2 changes.Described Fiber Optic Sensor Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance is exactly to detect the variations in refractive index of external environment condition by the change of resonant frequency, and then obtains the mass loading variation of metal surface, and the interaction process of research biochemical reaction.
As shown in Figure 3, when surface plasma body resonant vibration occurred, the energy leakage of Fibre Optical Sensor core in metal level, excited the free electron in metal film to produce collective oscillation, form surface plasma resonance, and produce significant electric field enhancing on the resonance interface.In Fig. 3, figure (a) is schematic cross-section, and line A is schematic lines; The distribution of figure (b) expression electric field density on schematic lines, the generally distribution of electric field outwards progressively reduces from center, can find out owing to resonating, a very sharp keen electric field peak occurs at the metal film height and position, Here it is due to the electric field enhancement effect that surface plasma body resonant vibration occurs causes.
In embodiments of the present invention, adjusting the wave vector length in core zone by filling solution, can change the resonance point position, is also that resonant frequency changes, and further enlarge the difference of the resonant wavelength under the varying environment refractive index, thereby realize the raising of surface plasma resonance sensor performance.After Fig. 4 is illustrated in air-core photon crystal optical fiber centre porosity filling different solutions, the visual representation of described resonance point on resonance image, round dot line S4 and Diamond spot line S5 represent that respectively the environment medium refraction index is 1.33 and the surface plasma phantom of 1.34 o'clock.Can find out, refractive index reduction along with filling liquid, fibre core guided modes effective refractive index reduces, black line L1, L2, L3, L4, L5 and L6 with different gauge points in figure represent, the intersection point of itself and line S4, line S5 moves down gradually, wavelength difference between two intersection points significantly increases simultaneously, therefore fills and significantly improves than the sensitivity of described sensor after the liquid of low-refraction, has substantially exceeded the sensitivity when fibre core is silica glass material (specific refractivity of ordinary optic fibre material is 1.4457).
As shown in Fig. 4 center line S6, when solution was high dispersion liquid, its Calculation of Sensitivity was used the intersection point of two different core refractive indexes and line S4 and line S5, also i.e. two stains in figure, and the performance of sensor will be further enhanced.And employing is with the solution of polar group, as methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol, can be easy to obtain high dispersion, Abel's number of methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol is respectively 13.66 and 12.86, and the material of ordinary optic fibre adopts low dispersion adaptation signal communication need usually, therefore its dispersivity is very weak, and its Abbe number is about 68.By adjusting the slope of core, can obtain the movement of larger resonant wavelength, as shown in the line S6 in Fig. 4, two position of intersecting point during than original non-dispersive, adopt high dispersion mixed solution to make the equivalent refractive index line slope of core increase, and further strengthen the difference of resonant wavelength, thereby the sensitivity that greatly improves sensor.
The present invention also provides a kind of D shape photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor measuring system, wherein, this measuring system comprises: light source, Polarization Controller, condenser lens, polarization maintaining optical fibre, coupling mechanism, Fibre Optical Sensor, analyzer, detector and signal processing unit; Each assembly of system such as Fig. 6 or connection successively shown in Figure 7; Measuring system can adopt fl transmission formula layout (as shown in Figure 6) or end face reflection type layout (as shown in Figure 7).
in Fig. 6, the light that light source sends becomes the linearly polarized light of throwing face perpendicular to side through Polarization Controller, polarized light is focused and is coupled in polarization maintaining optical fibre through condenser lens, light signal is entered in Fibre Optical Sensor and carries out sensing via coupling mechanism as transmission channel by polarization maintaining optical fibre, light signal after sensing passes through sensing unit again after being reflected on terminal, transfer to after the analyzer filtered noise and enter detector and carry out opto-electronic conversion by polarization maintaining optical fibre by coupling mechanism, carry out the signal demodulation by signal processing unit, thereby detect the specific refractivity that obtains the zone, metal surface, and further obtain the measurement information for the treatment of of sensor surface.
in Fig. 7, the light that light source sends becomes the linearly polarized light of throwing face perpendicular to side through Polarization Controller, linearly polarized light is focused and is coupled in the first polarization maintaining optical fibre through condenser lens, enter in Fibre Optical Sensor and carry out sensing through the first coupling mechanism as transmission channel by the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, and be coupled in the second polarization maintaining optical fibre that connects analyzer by the second coupling mechanism, carry out opto-electronic conversion by entering detector after the noise of introducing in analyzer filtration sensing and transmitting procedure, carry out the signal demodulation by signal processing unit, thereby detect the specific refractivity that obtains the zone, metal surface, and further obtain the measurement information for the treatment of of sensor surface.
In embodiments of the present invention, in D shape optical fiber surface plasmon body sensor, owing to only perpendicular to the electric field component of metallic film surface, could driving the free electron vibration, therefore introduce Polarization Controller and adopt polarization maintaining optical fibre to be connected with being beneficial to the polarization state of controlling and keeping light conducting, eliminate the background effect of S polarized light.End reflection formula sensor plates total reflection film at an end of sensor, and reflectance coating adopts golden film, and its thickness is greater than 300nm.As one embodiment of the present of invention, light source can be wideband white light source.The light of polarized light controller control and participate in sensing is that electric field intensity is thrown the light component on plane perpendicular to side, is also the P polarized light.Adopt polarization maintaining optical fibre to keep the polarization state of light in transmitting procedure.Condenser lens control P polarized light is focused into and is mapped in optical fiber.Light source sends wideband white, by Polarization Controller, exports the P polarized light, and the line focus Lens Coupling in conduction optical fiber, then enters D shape photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor through coupling mechanism and surveys.In the structure of end reflection formula, be subject to after the extraneous light of modulating arrives the end face that is coated with catoptron launching in Fig. 6, again pass through sensing unit and through coupling mechanism, enter detector, by signal processing unit, signal is processed finally; In the structure of the online conveying type of Fig. 7, the light of being modulated is directly coupled to detector.
In embodiments of the present invention, the light of Polarization Controller control and participate in sensing is that electric field component is thrown the light of face perpendicular to side; Can guarantee to only have beche-de-mer without spike and the sensing of P polarization by Polarization Controller and analyzer, adopt polarization maintaining optical fibre can keep the polarization state of light in transmission, signal processing unit can the assist process light signal polarized component, can significantly improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of sensor by these assemblies.The signal processing of D shape photonic crystal fiber surface plasmon sensor measuring system was divided into for two steps, the first step, measure respectively the intensity of background signal, reference signal and solution signal to be measured with D shape photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor measuring system, second step, measure parameter with the ratio of the intensity of the intensity of solution signal subtracting background signal to be measured and reference signal subtracting background signal as refractive index or biology, chemical molecular.
In embodiments of the present invention, D shape photonic crystal fiber surface plasma resonance sensor has outer surface level, therefore the function film that not only prepares metal sensing layer and biochemical sensitive is very convenient simple, and the character of film and state can monitor, thereby guarantees the reliability of sensor.As can be seen from Figure 4, by controlling the wave vector length of core, can change the resonance point of surface plasma body resonant vibration, and than traditional quartz glass fibre core, this design has improved the sensitivity of sensor greatly, thereby realize high-precision refractometry, and can be applicable to the Application in Sensing such as biological chemistry, immune detection.
Should be understood that; application of the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned giving an example; for those of ordinary skills; the D shape photonic crystal fiber of the high chromatic dispersion material of low-refraction is used for refractive index and measurement biological, chemical molecular; and improved according to the above description or conversion, all these improve and conversion all should belong to the protection domain of claims of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. a Fibre Optical Sensor, is characterized in that, comprises D shape photonic crystal fiber, and the xsect of described D shape photonic crystal fiber is D shape and makes described D shape photonic crystal fiber have a plane, and its described plane is attached with the nano metal sensing layer.
2. Fibre Optical Sensor as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, be provided with centre porosity and pore on every side on described D shape photonic crystal fiber, described around pore around described centre porosity along axially regularly arranged, described around pore be used for leaking of restriction light field.
3. Fibre Optical Sensor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, described D shape photonic crystal fiber is Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers, and be filled with in the center pit of described Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fibers for the refractive index of regulation and control transmission light and the solution of dispersivity.
4. Fibre Optical Sensor as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, described solution is the potpourri of methyl alcohol and ethylene glycol.
5. Fibre Optical Sensor as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described D shape photonic crystal fiber is the fluoro-containing plastic photonic crystal fiber, and the center of described fluoro-containing plastic photonic crystal fiber is solid and is provided with the restriction pore on every side.
6., as the described Fibre Optical Sensor of claim 1-5 any one, it is characterized in that, described nano metal sensing layer is metal flat film, metal nanoparticle or metal array microstructure.
7. described Fibre Optical Sensor as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, the thickness of described metal flat film is 20nm-80nm.
8. the preparation method of a Fibre Optical Sensor, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
By side rubbing down technique or Laser Micro-Machining technique, along axially photonic crystal fiber being processed into D shape photonic crystal fiber;
Center pit at photonic crystal fiber is filled index modulation liquid;
After adhering to the metal film that a layer thickness is nanometer scale, the side throwing face of described D shape photonic crystal fiber forms described Fibre Optical Sensor.
9. preparation method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the thickness of described metal film is 20nm-80nm.
10. preparation method as claimed in claim 8 or 9, is characterized in that, at the side throwing face of described D shape photonic crystal fiber, remains with a vent port.
11. preparation method as claimed in claim 8, is characterized in that, the refractive index of described index modulation liquid is 1.33-1.40.
12. Optical Fiber Sensor Measurement System, it is characterized in that, comprise: the light source, Polarization Controller and the condenser lens that connect successively, the analyzer, detector and the signal processing unit that connect successively, the coupling mechanism that input end is connected with the output terminal of described condenser lens by polarization maintaining optical fibre and output terminal is connected with the input end of described analyzer by polarization maintaining optical fibre, and be connected with the control end of described coupling mechanism and be arranged at Fibre Optical Sensor in solution to be measured;
during work, the light that light source sends becomes the linearly polarized light of throwing face perpendicular to the Fibre Optical Sensor side through Polarization Controller, linearly polarized light is focused and is coupled in polarization maintaining optical fibre through condenser lens, light signal is transferred in Fibre Optical Sensor and carries out sensing through coupling mechanism as transmission channel by polarization maintaining optical fibre, light signal after sensing passes through sensing unit again after being reflected on terminal, transfer to after the analyzer filtered noise and enter detector and carry out opto-electronic conversion by polarization maintaining optical fibre by coupling mechanism, carry out the signal demodulation by signal processing unit, thereby detect the specific refractivity that obtains the zone, metal surface, and further obtain the measurement information for the treatment of of sensor surface.
13. Optical Fiber Sensor Measurement System, it is characterized in that, comprising: the light source, Polarization Controller, condenser lens, the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, the first coupling mechanism, Fibre Optical Sensor, the second coupling mechanism, the second polarization maintaining optical fibre, analyzer, detector and the signal processing unit that connect successively;
during work, the light that light source sends becomes the linearly polarized light of throwing face perpendicular to the Fibre Optical Sensor side through Polarization Controller, linearly polarized light is focused and is coupled in the first polarization maintaining optical fibre through condenser lens, enter in Fibre Optical Sensor and carry out sensing through the first coupling mechanism as transmission channel by the first polarization maintaining optical fibre, and be coupled in the second polarization maintaining optical fibre that connects analyzer by the second coupling mechanism, enter detector and carry out opto-electronic conversion after analyzer filters the noise of introducing in sensing and transmitting procedure, carry out the signal demodulation by signal processing unit, thereby detect the specific refractivity that obtains the zone, metal surface, and further obtain the measurement information for the treatment of of sensor surface.
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