CN103392199A - OLED display drive circuits and techniques - Google Patents

OLED display drive circuits and techniques Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103392199A
CN103392199A CN2012800097256A CN201280009725A CN103392199A CN 103392199 A CN103392199 A CN 103392199A CN 2012800097256 A CN2012800097256 A CN 2012800097256A CN 201280009725 A CN201280009725 A CN 201280009725A CN 103392199 A CN103392199 A CN 103392199A
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pixel
transistor
driving circuit
current
oled
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E·史密斯
A·兰科夫
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Cambridge Display Technology Ltd
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Cambridge Display Technology Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
    • G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
    • G09G3/3241—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element the current through the light-emitting element being set using a data current provided by the data driver, e.g. by using a two-transistor current mirror
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
    • G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
    • G09G3/22—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources
    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
    • G09G3/32—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • G09G3/3208—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED]
    • G09G3/3225—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix
    • G09G3/3233—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels semiconductive, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] organic, e.g. using organic light-emitting diodes [OLED] using an active matrix with pixel circuitry controlling the current through the light-emitting element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
    • H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2300/00—Aspects of the constitution of display devices
    • G09G2300/08—Active matrix structure, i.e. with use of active elements, inclusive of non-linear two terminal elements, in the pixels together with light emitting or modulating elements
    • G09G2300/0809—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels
    • G09G2300/0842—Several active elements per pixel in active matrix panels forming a memory circuit, e.g. a dynamic memory with one capacitor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2310/00—Command of the display device
    • G09G2310/02—Addressing, scanning or driving the display screen or processing steps related thereto
    • G09G2310/0202—Addressing of scan or signal lines
    • G09G2310/0218—Addressing of scan or signal lines with collection of electrodes in groups for n-dimensional addressing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0223—Compensation for problems related to R-C delay and attenuation in electrodes of matrix panels, e.g. in gate electrodes or on-substrate video signal electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
    • G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
    • G09G2320/00—Control of display operating conditions
    • G09G2320/02—Improving the quality of display appearance
    • G09G2320/0233—Improving the luminance or brightness uniformity across the screen

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Control Of El Displays (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)

Abstract

An active matrix display comprises a plurality of OLED pixels each having an associated current-programmed pixel drive circuit, the pixel drive circuit having a pixel select line and a current programming input for programming the associated OLED pixel when said pixel select line is active. The display further comprises at least one distributed cascode transistor shared between a set of said pixel drive circuits, the distributed transistor comprising a set of transistors each having an input connection, an output connection and a control connection. Each of the transistors of the set is in physical proximity to a respective pixel drive circuit and has its output connection connected to the current programming input of said respective pixel drive circuit.; The input connections of the transistors of said set are connected together in parallel, the output connections of the transistors of the set are connected together in parallel, and the control connections of the transistors of the set are connected together in parallel. The parallel-connected input connections are connected to a common current programming line for said set of said pixel drive circuits.

Description

The driving circuit of OLED display and technology
Technical field
The present invention relates to the improved pixel driver technology for Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display.
Background technology
Be known that and use the wherein individual pixel of display to carry out the driving OLED display by " active matrix " layout of the thin film transistor (TFT) activation of association.In a kind of Driving technique, analog current is used to the drive current programming to the OLED pixel of active matrix, makes the electric current (and therefore being brightness) by pixel be directly proportional to the rank of programming.Thereby in the image element circuit that normalized current is programmed, data line will be supplied to output stage on the basis of 1:1 or with the electric current that fixed proportion copies.
Along with the OLED display constantly increases, the length of backboard pixel interconnection increases, and for the HDTV(high-definition television), its length can be the magnitude of 1 meter.In addition, gamma function (gamma function) has produced be the dynamic range of 1000:1 between maximum gray scale and minimum non-zero gray level for such display, and in the display of RGB standard this be increased to about 200,000:1.For the ITU Rec709 standard of using in HDTV, minimum gray-scale current typically can be less than 10nA, and for RGB, can be less than 100pA.
Reach therefore long current programmed line for giant display, this type of little electric current has provided a great challenge, especially due to the relatively large electric capacity related with this type of circuit.Programming time τ pgmWith circuit and other related capacitor C x, proportional with the change in voltage Δ V on the line that is applied by (electric current) of pixel programming, and with program current I ProgBe inversely proportional to, as follows:
τ pgm ∝ C x ΔV I prog
We have described and have been used for effectively improving I in our common pending application application (GB1102949.3) ProgThe technology of value, and described in our common unsettled British Patent Application GB 2,462,646 and be used for reducing C xThe use of negative capacitance circuit.Now, we describe the technology for the treatment of the Δ V item in above-mentioned formula.
Summary of the invention
According to a first aspect of the invention, the present invention provides a kind of active matrix OLED display panel for this reason, this display panel comprises: a plurality of OLED pixels of the related current-programmed pixel-driving circuit of tool separately, described pixel-driving circuit have pixel selection line and current programmed input be used for described pixel selection line when activating for the OLED pixel of association to the OLED pixel programming; and wherein said OLED display panel also is included at least one the distributed cascade transistor that shares between one group of described pixel-driving circuit, wherein said distributed cascade transistor comprises that having separately input connects, one group transistor of output connection and control linkage, each transistor in the described transistor of wherein said transistor group is physically close to the pixel-driving circuit separately in described pixel-driving circuit group and have the described output that is connected with the described current programmed input of described pixel-driving circuit separately in described pixel-driving circuit and connect, described transistorized described input in wherein said transistor group connects by parallel join together, described transistorized described output in described transistor group connects by parallel join together, and the described transistorized described control linkage in described transistor group by parallel join together, and the input of the described transistorized described parallel join in wherein said transistor group connects and is connected with the common current line program of described pixel-driving circuit group.
Extensively in fact, the use of cascade transistor makes being used on constant current source (source) or place (sink) become stable to the voltage of pixel current programming, thereby effectively reduces the output impedance of current source/sink.This has reduced the change in voltage on current programmed line, and therefore reduces programming time.But more specifically, cascade transistor is distributed in the middle of one group of pixel-driving circuit, and cascade function shares between these pixel-driving circuits.
In an embodiment, each pixel-driving circuit is provided with cascade transistor separately, and the cascade transistor of pixel-driving circuit group by parallel join together, and the public input of this distributed cascade transistor (source electrode or drain electrode) is connected to the common current line program of this group pixel-driving circuit.This has the effect of the voltage on stable (stiffen) common current line program.On principle, independent cascade transistor can be used for each pixel-driving circuit, but improved cascade function can obtain by high transconductance is provided, and thereby (cascade) device should have relatively wide raceway groove.Such device might not be practical, but for the effectively wider raceway groove of distributed cascade transistor, can obtain by a plurality of by parallel join (standard-sized) cascade transistor.The device of these parallel joins can be distributed in the middle of pixel-driving circuit, in order to obtain desired effect in the transistorized situation that does not need single very " fat ".
Although should organize the transistorized input capacitance of parallel join slightly greater than the input capacitance of single wide channel device, and be benefited and surpassed this minor defect.The distribution cascade transistor also means that there is more a little (row) electric capacity in the other end place of the common current line program of the cascade transistor that is connected in this point, but moreover, its illeffects is little.
In an embodiment, each source electrode connection of the cascade transistor of this pixel-driving circuit group is connected directly to the common current line program, and transistorized each drain electrode of this pixel-driving circuit group connects the switching transistor that is connected directly to pixel-driving circuit or selects transistor.In an embodiment, the grid of transistorized parallel join is connected to bias line.This can comprise or share this locality connection of the pixel-driving circuit group of distributed cascade transistor, the perhaps global lines of display panel.Connect in the situation that be provided with local prebias voltage, this makes pixel-driving circuit group (related with the parallel cascade transistor) effectively to be disconnected or to be set to inactive.Thereby this circuit can for example be used as selecting a kind of form of line and/or be used to reduce charge injection/input capacitance.In further embodiments, the bias voltage of the cascade transistor of pixel-driving circuit group can produce in this locality, perhaps even may be produced by transistor itself (for example, in depletion type knot FET, can be with grid ground connection simply).
In an embodiment, display panel comprises at least one bias circuit that is used to distributed cascade transistor that bias voltage is provided.Bias voltage is selected, makes cascade transistor be in the conducting state of minimum requirements, make it go to for the program current by driver supply/acquisition provides/from the passage of image element circuit.Voltage on the common current line program is arranged by the bias voltage of cascade transistor, and the threshold voltage of distributed cascade transistor is depended in skew.Thereby the voltage of public line program is similar to remains in the threshold voltage different from the bias voltage that is applied, more specifically for less than (in the situation of N-shaped TFT image element circuit) or the bias voltage that applies greater than (in the situation of p-type image element circuit).
In some preferred embodiment, transistor is thin film transistor (TFT) (TFT), is specially the N-shaped TFT that is made on display panel.Our described technology is useful especially for this transistorlike, and these transistors are made by amorphous silicon, especially due to the relatively high stray capacitance of such devices.
Our described technology is particularly useful for so-called top emission OLED structure.The top that these structures are passed the OLED structure is come luminous, rather than passes the substrate of this display panel, and usually has transparent negative electrode.Under the use of this structure makes pixel-driving circuit and related cascade transistor is convenient to be arranged in the OLED structure, thereby provide larger design freedom.But we can be used for end ballistic device by described circuit equally.
In an embodiment, display panel comprises a plurality of pixel-driving circuit groups of the distributed cascade transistor that has separately separately.The pixel-driving circuit group can comprise for example 10 to 100 pixel-driving circuits.In this way the row or column pixel-driving circuit is arranged the impact of the electric capacity that has alleviated in groups the common current line program---, in the situation that whole row or column is single pixel-driving circuit group, can reappear to a certain extent primal problem.Rule of thumb, can pixel-driving circuit be arranged to that quantity is determined by the square root of the line number of display or columns a plurality of groups, for example, for the display of 1000 row, be about 30.
In an embodiment, pixel-driving circuit comprises the current replication pixel-driving circuit, in the current replication pixel-driving circuit, when the pixel selection line was activation, the electric current in current programmed input was replicated be used to the corresponding output current that is provided for the driving OLED pixel.In a kind of embodiment of pixel-driving circuit, circuit comprises the OLED driving transistors, and this OLED driving transistors is connected to store the grid voltage of the OLED drive current of be used to defining, being programmed with capacitor and its grid.Select transistor be provided as connected in series in this grid connect with distributed cascade transistor (being more specifically the transistor that is included in physically as in the transistor group of the distributed cascade transistor of the part of pixel-driving circuit) between.In this way, in an embodiment, the connection between the transistor AND gate pixel driven transistor of distributed cascade transistor transmits the program current identical with public line program, and has corresponding change in voltage during programming.(still, the physical length of this connection is short (transistor that the drain electrode of smaller amounts connects) and thereby have low electric capacity.By contrast, public line program has larger electric capacity, because it grows (and connected many transistors help overlap capacitance) relatively, and transmit identical program current, but it has the voltage swing of reduction.
Those skilled in the art should recognize, in an embodiment, can adopt a plurality of selection transistors, depend on the detailed implementation of current replication pixel-driving circuit.
In a kind of relevant method, pixel-driving circuit can comprise current mirroring circuit.Then, in an embodiment, the control of transistorized parallel join (grid) connects and comprises the distributed cascade transistor that (drain electrode or source electrode) connects that inputs or outputs that is connected to parallel join, and making distributed cascade transistor is the diode connection.Then this multicomponent transistor can be used as the input transistors of current mirror, more specifically is used as share or the public input transistors that distribute of each current mirror of each respective pixel driving circuit.In this way, in an embodiment, pixel-driving circuit can comprise current mirror separately, in this current mirror, output stage comprises the OLED driving transistors, and input stage/transistor is shared and by distributed " cascade " transistor (current mirror input transistor that serves as the diode connection in this layout), provided.
thereby, in a related aspect, the invention provides a kind of active matrix OLED display panel, this display panel comprises a plurality of OLED pixels of the related pixel-driving circuit of tool separately, and wherein said pixel-driving circuit comprises: the current mirror with input transistors of diode connection, electric current output transistor, wherein said electric current output transistor are for carry out the pixel driven transistor of driving OLED with the mirror image output current, be connected with the grid of described pixel driven transistor and couple in order to be used for the capacitor of the grid voltage that described output current is programmed for described pixel driven transistor storage, and the selection transistor between described current mirror input transistor and described pixel driven transistor connected in series, and the input transistors of wherein said diode connection is included in the distributed transistor that shares between one group of described pixel-driving circuit, described distributed transistor is included in the diode-connected transistor of the physical separation in each pixel-driving circuit of described pixel-driving circuit group, the diode-connected transistor of the described physical separation of wherein said pixel-driving circuit group has the input of their parallel joins separately, output and control linkage, and wherein the described input of each described diode-connected transistor and output one of connect be connected to transistor separately control linkage and be connected to described selection transistor.
In the embodiment of this layout, public second selects transistor to be set to be connected between the current programmed data line of row or column of the common current line program of pixel-driving circuit group and a plurality of such pixel-driving circuit group.Still, distributed transistor comprises the transistor of one group of physical separation, and one of each respective pixel driving circuit, parallel join are used for providing the diode-connected transistor function of distribution together.In addition, each row or column preferably is divided into the distributed transistorized a plurality of such pixel-driving circuit groups that have separately separately.Similarly, the transistor of parallel join (comprising distributed transistor) although quantity can for 10 to 100(can also as before provide the advantage of use with the transistor of 1 to 10 parallel join).
in another related fields, the invention provides a kind of be used to the active matrix OLED method of display panel is provided, this display panel comprises: a plurality of OLED pixels of the related current-programmed pixel-driving circuit of tool separately, described pixel-driving circuit has the pixel selection line and is used for being when activating at described pixel selection line the current programmed input to the OLED pixel programming of the OLED pixel of association, the method comprises: via separately input transistors, be provided for the program current of described current programmed input to each pixel-driving circuit in one group of described pixel-driving circuit, the input at least, output and the control linkage that connect concurrently respectively the described input transistors of described pixel-driving circuit group, so that provide between described pixel-driving circuit group that electricity shares and the input transistors function that distributes physically, make the part of the described function of described shared input transistors locate in conjunction with each pixel-driving circuit of described pixel-driving circuit group physically, and provide the common current line program of the input connection of the described parallel join that is connected to described input transistors for described pixel-driving circuit group.
In the embodiment of the method, the pixel programming time of pixel-driving circuit is by making them as cascade transistor, operate and reduce like that to the input transistors biasing.Each input transistors is positioned at and separately pixel-driving circuit adjacent or associated, makes them that cascade transistor function that electricity shares but that distribute physically is provided.Then, the program current of the line program of pixel-driving circuit input can be provided via the distributed cascade transistor that this shares by the common current line program, reduces thus programming time.
In other layouts, input transistors is the input transistors diode connection and sharing of being used as the pixel-driving circuit group but that distribute, and each pixel-driving circuit comprises current mirroring circuit (a part).Then, can will select transistor can be arranged between the common current line program and current data line of OLED display panel.
Aspect another, the invention provides a kind of active matrix OLED display panel, comprise: a plurality of OLED pixels of the related current-programmed pixel-driving circuit of tool separately, described pixel-driving circuit have the pixel selection line and are used for being when activating at described pixel selection line the current programmed input to the OLED pixel programming of the OLED pixel of association; The input transistors of program current is provided for the described current programmed input of each pixel-driving circuit to described pixel-driving circuit group; At least the described input of wherein said input transistors connects, described output connects and the mutual parallel join of described control linkage difference,, in order to be provided between described pixel-driving circuit group input transistors function that electricity shares and that distribute physically, make the part of the described function of described shared input transistors locate in conjunction with each pixel-driving circuit of described pixel-driving circuit group physically; Described display panel also comprises: the common current line program that is connected to the described pixel-driving circuit group that the input of the described parallel join of described input transistors connects.
In the embodiment of above-mentioned display panel and method, be used for the data line of display or the current driving circuit (current source or current sink) of common current line program and can comprise end and single (FET) that the provide current programmed control voltage transistor that is connected in circuit.
Description of drawings
Now, the present invention describes in the mode of example (only making example) with reference to the accompanying drawings, in the accompanying drawings:
The example that Fig. 1 a and 1b show respectively an example of current programmed OLED pixel-driving circuit and have the current-programmed pixel-driving circuit of additional cascade transistor;
Fig. 2 shows the example of one group of current-programmed pixel-driving circuit of the distributed cascade transistor that shares of a kind of embodiment of having according to a first aspect of the invention;
Fig. 3 shows one group of current-programmed pixel-driving circuit of the distributed electric current mirror input transistors that shares of a kind of embodiment that has according to a second aspect of the invention; And
Fig. 4 shows an example of the OLED display that has merged OLED display panel according to an embodiment of the present.
Embodiment
Two requirements to the OLED display relate to:
A. programme/the arrangement time---to the requirement of brightness programming, the programming time of this appointment reduces along with the increase of resolution in the programming time of appointment.If the programming of brightness is completed within the time of appointment, this can cause the loss of gray-scale information or the loss of contrast or both.
B. aging (Vt drift)---to Vt(and μ) the requirement that compensates of drift.If unsuccessful, this can reduce brightness and/or cause image retention.
Be used for can being divided into voltage-programming (VP) and current programmed (CP) to the major programme of image element circuit programming.Voltage-programming scheme provides programming time fast, and therefore it is applicable to high-resolution display.But the additional function of such Technology Need compensates OLED aging (OLED is aging can change brightness～voltage characteristic) and the voltage drop on power lead.
Current programmed scheme automatically compensates aging (brightness is proportional with the electric charge that flows through the OLED structure).But current programmed scheme has the problem of in the programming time of appointment, little luminance level being programmed, and therefore it is difficult to support more high-resolution display.
We will describe the technology for the application of extend current programming scheme on high resolving power shows, this wants the problem for the treatment of of aged inherently.In an embodiment, these technology comprise for reducing necessary programming time, thereby allow the image element circuit of than normalized current programming scheme, programming faster to revise.
At first come from our patented claim WO03/038790 early with reference to this Fig. 1 a of Fig. 1 a(), this Fig. 1 a shows an example of the current-programmed pixel-driving circuit 100 of " current replication ".In this circuit, electric current by OLED152 is programmed like this: for example use current feedback circuit 102(, the reference current place) the drain-source electric current of OLED driving transistors 158 is set, and copies/be stored as the required drive transistor gate voltage of this drain-source electric current.Thereby the brightness of OLED152 is by the electric current I that flows into reference current place 102 DATDetermine this electric current I DATCan adjust and according to the processed requirement of pixel, arrange.Switching transistor 114 is connected between driving transistors 158 and OLED152, is used for forbidding the OLED illumination during programming phases.Usually, a current sink 102 is provided for each column data line.In order to copy program current, switching transistor 110 is " closed ", and switching transistor 114 is " unpacked ", make program current flow through driving transistors 158, and switching transistor 112 is closed equally, in order to Vg is being set on driving transistors 158 and this Vg value is stored on capacitor 120 for program current.
Extensively in fact, we will describe the current programmed scheme based on cascade that shows for driving OLED.More specifically, in the embodiment of our described technology, share in the middle of the pixel of cascade thin film transistor (TFT) (TFT) device in the image element circuit piece of row, be used for: (a) alleviate data line capacitance to the reflection of pixel programming time and for the more fast programming of the pixel of using current programming method provides leeway, and (b) for the compensation of the Vt drift value to larger, provide current programmed scheme (the precharge scheme of setting).In this way, our described technology has reduced the impedance (and therefore reduce on circuit voltage swing) of data line, thereby and reduces the display panel loading effect in current programmed scheme.
Referring now to Fig. 1 b, element identical with those elements of Fig. 1 a in Fig. 1 b is by identical Reference numeral indication, and this Fig. 1 b shows current-programmed pixel-driving circuit 150, is included in the cascade TFT device 156 that operates under the public grid pattern.Pixel-driving circuit is be used to the electric current I that is replicated on current programmed line pgmTo drive the same current I by OLED152 OLEDCurrent programming circuit.When select line SEL be activated for controlling a pair of selection/switching TFT transistor 152,154 the time, program current is replicated.Between the current programmed line 160 and current data line 162 of cascade transistor 156 circuit in display panel connected in series.The grid of cascade TFT156 is connected to and is used for the bias line 158 that its bias generator that enters the linear work district (not shown at Fig. 1 b) is connected to transistor 156 biasings.When (programming) electric current on current data line 162 changed, cascade transistor 156 reduced the change in voltage on current data line 162.This relatively simple constant0current generator that comprises the single transistor 104 that for example has suitable input voltage easy to use, as shown in Figure 1 b.
Fig. 2 shows and comprises each part by the active matrix OLED display panel 200 of one group of current-programmed pixel-driving circuit 180 shown in the dotted line 180 of for example Fig. 1 b.Each pixel-driving circuit 180 and related selection transistor 154 be positioned at physically separately OLED pixel near, and in the layout of Fig. 2, corresponding cascade transistor 202a-d is arranged at adjacent with each OLED pixel physically pixel-driving circuit equally.But the drain electrode of cascade device 202a-d is connected in shown example and all jointly is connected to Node B and circuit 160; The source electrode connection of transistor 202a-d equally all jointly is connected to node A and public current programmed line 204; And the grid of cascade transistor connects equally all jointly parallel join to public cascade bias line 206.
In this way, although each cascade transistor 202a-d is made into the device of physical separation, transistor is by the wider raceway groove of parallel join in fact be provided for the m-block of pixels for distributed cascade transistor function, the raceway groove of m times of effective width.Because be used for cascade transistor is connected to the different length of the circuit of public line program 204, so truth can be slightly complicated because of the different input capacitances of cascade transistor, but this can be left in the basket haply.Thereby, extensively in fact, transistor 202a-d can be considered as being configured in the distributed cascade transistor that shares between this group pixel.
The layout of Fig. 2 shows one group of OLED pixel, but in display panel, and each pixel is grouped in together, for example is divided into about 10 to 30 groups, and each shares distributed cascade transistor 202 and has separately common current line program 204.Optionally, each public cascade bias line 206 can be used as another selection line for pixel groups.Provide in this way distributed cascade transistor be convenient to the graphical of display panel and make, large-scale cascade device also is provided simultaneously, this is due to good performance become desirable (voltage swing that reduces on circuit 204).
Thereby, in an embodiment, the piece of the pixel of the m in row shares a large cascade TFT device that comprises m less TFT device (gate device altogether) (each of each current-programmed pixel circuits) effectively, and these less TFT devices are by parallel join.Distributed cascade device 202 has reduced the impedance at node A place, thereby has reduced the voltage swing on data line 204.The cascade device should be large, in order to provide desired function to improve, and a plurality of by using concurrently (m) less device constructs this cascade device, this can so that the layout of display panel and patterned mode provide.And, because easy the to be failed property due to technological problems is lowered, because each independent TFT cascade device has less area.
Continuation is with reference to Fig. 2, and Node B represents high resistance point, but by the current programmed layout of the sort of type with shown in Fig. 1 a, compare, and its electric capacity row factor that is pressed reduces: the number of the piece in the column (or row) of 2 * display panel [group of pixel-driving circuit].
For example, consider to have the display panel of Nr=1000 row, at the total m=40 of this display panel row (pixels in row), be connected to together in each piece, the distributed cascade transistor of having described to share us.For this example, we have Nb=25 piece, thereby and capacity load reduce will be that Nr/Nb/2=40/2=m/2=20 doubly.(we supposition, the cascade device in piece has similar grid-drain capacitance and grid-source electric capacity with switching TFT).This is for identical program current, the factor that programming time reduces.
Therefore, can recognize, our described technology is convenient to the more programming of high resolution display.Our described technology also is convenient to obtain higher dynamic range.In order to recognize after this a bit, consider: for ITU Rec709 standard (being used for high-definition television), gamma function causes being the dynamic range of 1000:1 between the non-zero gray level of maximum gray scale and minimum, and for the RGB standard, dynamic range is about 200,000:1.In the situation that program current is changed to control the electric current that OLED is driven, this has produced and has used defective constant0current generator to drive a particular problem aspect long circuit (having large electric capacity) (for Rec709 when program current is very little, minimal gray level electric current typically is less than 10nA, and for RGB, may be less than 50pA).Thereby when when less than 10nA or less than the controllable current of 1nA, carrying out driving OLED/pixel, controlling (reducing) voltage swing on current programmed line is particular importance.Our described technology is convenient to drive accurately with low like this electric current.
The manufacturing of OLED display panel can bring OLED's (negative electrode is relevant) processing problem, and our described technology is specially adapted to N-shaped TFT technology and N-shaped TFT image element circuit.
Referring now to Fig. 3, this Fig. 3 shows the part of configuration for the active matrix OLED display panel 300 of a kind of modification that realizes above-described technology, in this active matrix OLED display panel 300, the Distributed T FT device that shares is configured to the input transistors that shares of distributed electric current mirror.In this layout, in fact each pixel-driving circuit in this pixel-driving circuit group comprises the independent output stage of the current mirror that is shared, and each output stage drives OLED pixel separately.Equally, the element identical with above-described those elements is by identical Reference numeral indication.
Thereby with reference to Fig. 3, each pixel-driving circuit comprises thin film transistor (TFT) 302a, b-n, and each in these transistors is diode connection (grid is connected with drain electrode).In addition, these transistorized grids, drain electrode are connected with source electrode all and connect concurrently respectively, in order to the diode-connected transistor of distribution is provided.Each formation in transistor 302a, b-n has the input of the current mirror of public current programmed line 304, and this current mirror has the one group of output that comprises separately corresponding driving transistors 158.In this way, the electric current I on circuit 304 PGMBe mirrored the electric current I that maps to for driving OLED pixel separately OLED
Those skilled in the art should recognize, the ratio of each current mirror can be approximate 1:1, perhaps can be by for transistor 302,158, selecting different sizes than being different from 1:1.Thereby for example, current mirror can be arranged to the output current of the mark that is provided as input current, for example, N/M, wherein N and M are integer (and N/M are less than 1), in order to promote the precision programming of little OLED drive current.
As shown in the figure, each pixel-driving circuit also is provided with the selection transistor 306 for the voltage-programming on capacitor 120, to keep the OLED drive current that is shone upon.In an embodiment, another selects transistor 308 to be provided for (row) current data line 310 that the common current line program 304 of pixel groups is connected to display panel.Data line 310 can be programmed by controlled constant0current generator 102 as shown in the figure.
Those skilled in the art should recognize, in a kind of implementation of layout types shown in Figure 3, the cascade transistor of Fig. 2 is the diode connection, and in conjunction with the pixel-driving circuit based on current mirror, use.Thereby, in fact, Fig. 2 and 3 layout can in conjunction with.
Fig. 4 shows and comprises the OLED display system 400 that has merged with reference to the OLED display 450 of the display panel of Fig. 2 and/or 3 described pixel-driving circuits.Controller 410 is received in the RGB(red, green, blue on circuit 402) the input data, and will be provided in for the current programmed data of pixel-driving circuit to select data to be provided in column selection line 406 on circuit 404 and with pixel-driving circuit.As shown in the figure, OLED display 450 comprises for to the biased one or more bias generator circuit 452 of cascade transistor; As selection, these can be the parts of controller 410.
For fear of doubt, can refer to mentioning of pixel the pixel of only having solid color in this manual, perhaps comprise for jointly making pixel can send the certain limit color so that the pixel of the colored a plurality of separately addressable sub-pixels that show to be provided.
Thereby we have described in general manner and have used the technology of the transistor block of parallel join, and more specifically, have described the technology that connects in this way the cascade transistor device.(distributed) cascade TFT(connects with public grid TFT) interpolation promoted to use the more fast programming of the pixel current of current programmed scheme, particularly due to the voltage swing that reduces at current programmed data line place (that is the impedance that, reduces).The manufacturing of the more high-resolution display of this and then current programmed scheme easy to use, and be convenient to the more fast programming of low current more, this allows to increase programmable dynamic range, and therefore increases the quantity of gray level.
Optionally, the layout of our described the sort of type can be combined with preset precharge scheme, and in this preset precharge scheme, current programmed line is precharged to the magnitude of voltage of regulation, is preferably the threshold voltage of transistor (TFT).Such precharge layout can help to reduce the variation of the required voltage of to OLED pixel current programmed time the current programmed line equally.But a difficulty of relevant precharge is: the transistorized threshold voltage meeting of TFT time to time change (due to the electric charge capture at the dielectric interface place), in fact this increased the grid voltage skew.Our described technology is convenient to more effectively use the precharge scheme, because they to the compensation of the drift of transistor threshold voltage (have for example allowed effectively, put on the bias voltage of cascade transistor by change), thus and likely can adapt to relatively large threshold voltage shift.
Certainly, those skilled in the art should expect many other effective replacement schemes.Should be appreciated that the present invention is not restricted to described embodiment, but comprise those skilled in the art clearly belong to modification within the scope of described claims.

Claims (17)

1. active matrix OLED display panel, described display panel comprises:
A plurality of OLED pixels, the related current-programmed pixel-driving circuit of each OLED pixel tool, described pixel-driving circuit have the pixel selection line and be used for described pixel selection line when activating for the current programmed input to the OLED pixel programming of the OLED pixel of association; And
wherein said OLED display panel also is included at least one the distributed cascade transistor that shares between one group of described pixel-driving circuit, wherein said distributed cascade transistor comprises a group transistor, each transistor has input and connects, output connects and control linkage, each transistor in wherein said one group of described transistor is physically close to the respective pixel driving circuit in described one group of described pixel-driving circuit and have the described output that is connected with the described current programmed input of described respective pixel driving circuit in described pixel-driving circuit and connect, described input in wherein said one group of described transistor connects by parallel join together, described output in described one group of described transistor connects by parallel join together, and the described control linkage in described one group of described transistor by parallel join together, and the input of the institute's parallel join in wherein said one group of described transistor connects the common current line program that is connected to described one group of described pixel-driving circuit.
2. active matrix OLED display panel according to claim 1, the related block of pixels bias line of described group of tool of pixel-driving circuit wherein, and the control linkage of the institute's parallel join in wherein said one group of described transistor is connected with described block of pixels bias line.
3. active matrix OLED display panel according to claim 2, also comprise at least one bias circuit that is connected with described block of pixels bias line, wherein said bias circuit is arranged to described distributed cascade transistor biasing, make when electric current is programmed, the nominal constant voltage remains on described common current programming data line.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described active matrix OLED display panels, each row or column of wherein said display panel comprises described group of a plurality of pixel-driving circuits, each has corresponding described distributed cascade transistor.
5. active matrix OLED display panel according to claim 4, wherein described group of pixel-driving circuit comprises 10 to 100 described pixel-driving circuits.
6. according to the described active matrix OLED of arbitrary aforementioned claim display panel, wherein said transistor is the N-shaped thin film transistor (TFT).
7. according to the described active matrix OLED of arbitrary aforementioned claim display panel, wherein said OLED pixel comprises the top emission OLED structure with transparent cathode, and at least a portion of wherein said pixel-driving circuit and described distributed cascade transistor one or both of is under described OLED structure between the substrate of described OLED structure and described display panel.
8. the described active matrix OLED of any one according to claim 1 to 7 display panel, wherein said pixel-driving circuit comprises the current replication pixel-driving circuit, in described current replication pixel-driving circuit, when described pixel selection line was activation, the electric current in described current programmed input was replicated be used to providing corresponding output current to drive described OLED pixel.
9. active matrix OLED display panel according to claim 8, wherein said pixel-driving circuit comprises: the OLED driving transistors, be connected with the grid of described pixel driven transistor and couple in order to be the capacitor of described pixel driven transistor storage for the grid voltage of the described output current of programming, and have the grid connector that couples with described pixel selection line and have a transistorized output in described distributed cascade transistor transistorized described group connected in series and be connected at least one that be connected with source electrode with drain electrode between the described grid of described pixel driven transistor is connected and select transistor.
10. the described active matrix OLED of any one according to claim 1 to 8 display panel, wherein said pixel-driving circuit comprises current mirroring circuit, wherein the control linkage of the described transistorized institute parallel join in transistorized described group one of is connected connection with the input of described transistorized institute parallel join and output in transistorized described group, making described distributed cascade transistor is the diode connection, and wherein distributed cascade transistor is the public input transistors for each described current mirroring circuit of each described pixel-driving circuit of described group of pixel-driving circuit.
11. an active matrix OLED display panel, described display panel comprises a plurality of OLED pixels, the related pixel-driving circuit of each OLED pixel tool, and wherein said pixel-driving circuit comprises: the current mirror with input transistors of diode connection, the electric current output transistor, wherein said electric current output transistor is for the pixel driven transistor with mirror image output current driving OLED, be connected with the grid of described pixel driven transistor and couple in order to be used for the capacitor of the grid voltage that described output current is programmed for described pixel driven transistor storage, and the selection transistor between described current mirror input transistor and described pixel driven transistor connected in series, and the input transistors of wherein said diode connection is included in the distributed transistor that shares between one group of described pixel-driving circuit, described distributed transistor is included in the diode-connected transistor of the physical separation in each pixel-driving circuit of described one group of described pixel-driving circuit, the input that the diode-connected transistor of the described physical separation in wherein said group has their corresponding parallel joins connects, output connects and control linkage, and wherein the described input connection of each described diode-connected transistor is connected with described transistorized corresponding control linkage and with described selection transistor, is connected with one that is connected in connecting.
12. active matrix OLED display panel according to claim 11, also be included as described group of pixel-driving circuit share public second select transistor, and another in connecting of the input of the described parallel join of wherein said distributed transistorized each described diode-connected transistor and output is connected to the transistorized I/O of described public selection and connects.
13. according to claim 11 or 12 described active matrix OLED matrix display panels, each row or column of wherein said display panel comprises described group of a plurality of pixel-driving circuits, and each has corresponding described distribution transistor.
14. one kind is used for providing the active matrix OLED method of display panel, described display panel comprises:
A plurality of OLED pixels, the related current-programmed pixel-driving circuit of each OLED pixel tool, described pixel-driving circuit have the pixel selection line and be used for described pixel selection line when activating for the current programmed input to the OLED pixel programming of the OLED pixel of association, described method comprises:
Be provided for the program current of described current programmed input for each pixel-driving circuit in one group of described pixel-driving circuit via separately input transistors;
At least the input that connects concurrently respectively the described input transistors of described group of pixel-driving circuit connects, output connects and control linkage,, to be provided between described group of pixel-driving circuit that share and input transistors function physical distribution of electricity, make the part of the described function of described shared input transistors locate physically in conjunction with each pixel-driving circuit of described one group of described pixel-driving circuit; And
The described group of common current line program that the described input connection of the parallel join that is connected to described input transistors is provided for pixel-driving circuit.
15. the method for the time of the pixel programming for reducing described pixel-driving circuit according to claim 14, wherein said input transistors comprises be used to the cascade transistor that cascade transistor function that electricity shares and that distribute physically is provided, described method comprises that the cascade transistor function that shares via described electricity and distribute physically provides program current from described common current line program for the described current programmed input of described pixel-driving circuit, make when with variable current, driving described common current line program, voltage swing on described common current line program is reduced, thereby reduce the described pixel programming time of described pixel-driving circuit.
16. according to claim 14 or 15 described methods, wherein said pixel-driving circuit comprises current mirroring circuit, and wherein said input transistors comprises the current mirror input transistor of diode connection, described method also comprises that the input of the control linkage of the described parallel join that makes described input transistors and described parallel join connects, and provides the selection transistor between the described common current line program of described OLED display panel and current data line.
17. an active matrix OLED display panel comprises:
A plurality of OLED pixels, the related current-programmed pixel-driving circuit of each OLED pixel tool, described pixel-driving circuit have the pixel selection line and be used for described pixel selection line when activating for the current programmed input to the OLED pixel programming of the OLED pixel of association;
Be used for providing the input transistors of program current to the described current programmed input of each pixel-driving circuit of the group of described pixel-driving circuit; Wherein
The described input of described at least input transistors connects, described output connects and the mutual parallel join of described control linkage difference,, in order to be provided between described group of pixel-driving circuit the input transistors function that electricity shares and distribute physically, make the part of the described function of described shared input transistors locate physically in conjunction with each pixel-driving circuit of described one group of described pixel-driving circuit; Described display panel also comprises:
The common current line program, be used for described group of pixel-driving circuit described input that is connected to institute's parallel join of described input transistors connected.
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