CN103360157A - Formula and manufacturing method of shiitake culture material - Google Patents
Formula and manufacturing method of shiitake culture material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103360157A CN103360157A CN2013102942760A CN201310294276A CN103360157A CN 103360157 A CN103360157 A CN 103360157A CN 2013102942760 A CN2013102942760 A CN 2013102942760A CN 201310294276 A CN201310294276 A CN 201310294276A CN 103360157 A CN103360157 A CN 103360157A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a shiitake culture material, which is characterized by using tea cattail and tea seed husk as main raw materials and rice bran, tea seed pulp and the like as auxiliary materials, and the water content of the culture material is 63-65%. The invention also relates to a manufacturing method of the culture material. Compared with the existing wood dust culture material, the invention has the following advantages: 1. the culture material has the advantages of reasonable matching of rough and thin materials, favorable air permeability of the bacterium material, high growth speed of the shiitake hypha, and shorter sackful time; 2. by using the natural pile fermentation, lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and the like in the tea cattail and tea seed husk are decomposed into simple substances which can be easily absorbed by the shiitake hypha, thereby enhancing the product yield and quality; and 3. the invention widens the culture raw material channel, and greatly lowers the production cost.
Description
Technical field
Content of the present invention comprises cultivating champignon material compatibility, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to the fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Oil tea is China distinctive woody edible oil material seeds, with Fructus oleae europaeae, oil palm, coconut and be called the world's four large traditional oil trees.China is the country that oil tea output is the highest in the world, distribution is the widest, kind is maximum.The oil tea cultivated area of China and tea seed output account for the whole world about 95%, and all the other 5% are distributed in minority Southeast Asian countries and regions.
Camellia oleifera fruit is spherical in shape, oblate, olive shape, diameter 3cm-4cm, and the thick and lignifying of fruit lobe, including seed (1-4 grain) is tea seed, and tea seed is dark brown or black, and triangular shape is glossy.After testing, tea Pu (shell) accounts for 60% in the camellia oleifera fruit, and tea seed accounts for 40%; In the tea seed, tea seed shell (kind shell) accounts for 1/3, and tea seed kernel accounts for 2/3.The existing oil tea cultivated area in the whole nation reaches 4,000,000 hm
2Produce camellia oleifera fruit per year and reach more than 560 ten thousand t, this will bring oil-tea camellia husks, the tea seed shell of more than 70 ten thousand t, the 50000 t leached tea oil slags of more than 300 ten thousand t, so huge quantity is used for the ratio of processing also not quite, and most tea Pu, tea seed shell are used as fuel and are burnt, or be dropped, the leached tea oil slag bitter all goes out of use basically, and the shell that these abandon, plants shell, dregs of rice cake after degraded, can pollute atmosphere, water source and ecotope.
Tea Pu, its moiety complexity of tea seed shell, contain the materials such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, xylogen, crude protein and tannin (polyphenol) class, after treatment, owing to removed the objectionable impurities that affects the hypha of edible fungus growth, the therefore growth of very suitable wood rotting fungi.
Mushroom is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has stronger decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability.Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly the shortage today, if tea Pu, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material mushroom cultures of tea seed shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind of cultivating champignon material compatibility take tea Pu, tea seed shell, leached tea oil slag as raw material.
2, the making method of planting material.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of cultivating champignon material compatibility has following component and quality proportioning: tea Pu bits 46%-54%, and tea seed shell bits 18%-26%, rice bran 18%, leached tea oil slag 7%, terra alba 2%, lime powder 1% all are the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.
Tea Pu bits, tea seed shell bits: the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm is dried, is ground into to the tea Pu; Tea seed shell dries, is ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm; Tea Pu bits, the fermentation of tea seed shell bits natural packing (are piled high 2m, keep windrow moistening, turning in per two months once, the composting time is more than 8 months), to eliminate wherein tannin, grease etc. to the harmful material of hypha of edible fungus growth, after composting finishes, tea Pu bits, tea seed shell bits are dried, for subsequent use.Xylogen accounts for 43.35% in the tea Pu, and carbohydrate accounts for 28.36%; Xylogen accounts for 52.10% in the tea seed shell, and carbohydrate accounts for 30.60%.
Rice bran: be the entry material that is attached to after the rice hulling on the brown rice.Contain 12.5% crude protein and a large amount of somatomedins in the rice bran.
Leached tea oil slag: tea seed squeezes the slag that is left behind the tea oil.The robust fibre amount accounts for 9.4% in the leached tea oil slag, and crude protein quantity accounts for 25.8%.
Lime powder, terra alba: be commercially available product.Regulate, stablize potential of hydrogen, increase calcium, sulphur nutritive ingredient.
The making method of planting material comprises the steps:
1. prewet: tea Pu bits, tea seed shell bits siccative are mixed thoroughly, with liming (lime powder is dissolved in the water) 2h that prewets, made the water content of mixture remain on 50%-55%;
2. spice: rice bran, leached tea oil slag, terra alba siccative are mixed thoroughly, admixed tea Pu bits, tea seed shell is considered to be worth doing in the pre-wet feed, then slowly adds water, the limit edged is mixed, and stirs, and makes the water content of planting material remain on 63%-65%;
3. pack: adopt the high-pressure polyethylene bag cylinder of folding length 15cm, length 60cm, thick 0.05mm, bacterium rod standard is stock column length (45 ± 1) cm, bacterium rod weight (2.3 ± 0.1) kg;
4. sterilize, cool off: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, and (behind the discharging cold air) keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Adopt play cave method (pocket keeps flat, and tow sides stagger) inoculation at 5, enter the bacterium stage of sending out after the inoculation, culturing room's temperature is controlled at 20 ℃-22 ℃, and relative air humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 46d-50d, mycelia is covered with pocket, namely enters management of producing mushroom.
The present invention is aided with the auxiliary materials such as rice bran, leached tea oil slag take tea Pu, tea seed shell as main raw material, makes the cultivating champignon material.Compare with the cultivation on sawdust material, its advantage is: the one, and the collocation of planting material thickness is reasonable, bacterium material good permeability, mushroom mycelium fast growth, purseful time shorten; The 2nd, by the natural packing fermentation, the material decomposition such as the xylogen in tea Pu, the tea seed shell, Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin substance are to be conducive to the simple material that mushroom mycelium absorbs, and have improved product production and quality; The 3rd, widened the culturing raw material channel, greatly reduce production cost.
Embodiment
Mode 1: the cultivating champignon material comprises following component and quality proportioning in the present embodiment: tea Pu bits 46%, and tea seed shell bits 26%, rice bran 18%, tea oilseedsand cake 7%, terra alba 2%, lime powder 1% all are the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. prewet: tea Pu bits, tea seed shell bits siccative are mixed thoroughly, with liming (lime powder is dissolved in the water) 2h that prewets, made the water content of mixture remain on 50%-55%;
2. spice: rice bran, leached tea oil slag, terra alba siccative are mixed thoroughly, admixed tea Pu bits, tea seed shell is considered to be worth doing in the pre-wet feed, then slowly adds water, the limit edged is mixed, and stirs, and makes the water content of planting material remain on 63%-65%;
3. pack: adopt the high-pressure polyethylene bag cylinder of folding length 15cm, length 60cm, thick 0.05mm, bacterium rod standard is stock column length (45 ± 1) cm, bacterium rod weight (2.3 ± 0.1) kg;
4. sterilize, cool off: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, and (behind the discharging cold air) keeps 12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Adopt play cave method (pocket keeps flat, and tow sides stagger) inoculation at 5, enter after the inoculation and send out the bacterium stage, culturing room's temperature is controlled at 20 ℃, and relative air humidity is controlled at 65%, and through the cultivation of 49d, mycelia is covered with pocket, namely enters management of producing mushroom.
Utilize the planting material mushroom culture of present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 145.6%.
Mode 2: the cultivating champignon material comprises following component and quality proportioning in the present embodiment: tea Pu bits 50%, and tea seed shell bits 22%, rice bran 18%, tea oilseedsand cake 7%, terra alba 2%, lime powder 1% all are the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the planting material mushroom culture of present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 151.3%.
Mode 3: the cultivating champignon material comprises following component and quality proportioning in the present embodiment: tea Pu bits 54%, and tea seed shell bits 18%, rice bran 18%, tea oilseedsand cake 7%, terra alba 2%, lime powder 1% all are the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.Utilize the planting material mushroom culture of present embodiment, biological efficiency reaches 157.2%.
Mode 4 (control group): wood chip 78%, wheat bran 20%, gypsum 1%, sugar 1%, biological efficiency is 120.5%.
By following table as can be known, the tea Pu of used mode bits, tea seed shell planting material mycelia purseful fate contrast group shorten 4d-8d, and its biological efficiency is all above control level, output increased 20%-30%.This is that reasonable ratio is conducive to mushroom mycelium to the utilization of nutritive substance because planting material matrix nitrogen content is higher.
The mushroom biological efficiency of table different modes prescription
Claims (8)
1. cultivating champignon material is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: tea Pu bits 46%-54%, and tea seed shell bits 18%-26%, rice bran 18%, leached tea oil slag 7%, terra alba 2%, lime powder 1% all are the quality of dry-matter, the proportioning sum is 100%.
2. cultivating champignon material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described tea Pu bits dry, are ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm for the tea Pu.
3. cultivating champignon material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described tea seed shell bits dry, are ground into the particle of particle diameter 2mm-3mm for tea seed shell.
4. cultivating champignon material according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described tea Pu bits, tea seed shell bits, must (pile high 2m through the natural packing fermentation, keep windrow moistening, turning in per two months once, the composting time is more than 8 months), to eliminate wherein tannin, grease etc. to the harmful material of hypha of edible fungus growth, after composting finishes, tea Pu bits, tea seed shell bits are dried.
5. cultivating champignon material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described rice bran is the entry material that is attached to after the rice hulling on the brown rice.
6. cultivating champignon material according to claim 1 is characterized in that described leached tea oil slag is that tea seed squeezes the slag that is left behind the tea oil.
7. the making method of the cultivating champignon material described in the claim 1-6 is characterized in that:
1. prewet: tea Pu bits, tea seed shell bits siccative are mixed thoroughly, with liming (lime powder is dissolved in the water) 2h that prewets, made the water content of mixture remain on 50%-55%;
2. spice: rice bran, leached tea oil slag, terra alba siccative are mixed thoroughly, admixed tea Pu bits, tea seed shell is considered to be worth doing in the pre-wet feed, then slowly adds water, the limit edged is mixed, and stirs, and makes the water content of planting material remain on 63%-65%;
3. pack: adopt the high-pressure polyethylene bag cylinder of folding length 15cm, length 60cm, thick 0.05mm, bacterium rod standard is stock column length (45 ± 1) cm, bacterium rod weight (2.3 ± 0.1) kg;
4. sterilize, cool off: pocket is carried out normal-pressure sterilization, and (behind the discharging cold air) keeps 10h-12h when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
8. with the cultivating champignon material described in the claim 1-7, it is characterized in that adopting beat the cave method (pocket keeps flat at 5, tow sides stagger) inoculation, enter the bacterium stage of sending out after the inoculation, culturing room's temperature is controlled at 20 ℃-22 ℃, and relative air humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 46d-50d, mycelia is covered with pocket, just enters to take off bag annesl and management of producing mushroom.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103708921A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-04-09 | 绩溪县中巧食用菌种植专业合作社 | Lentinula edodes planting matrix material and treatment method thereof |
| CN104355908A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-02-18 | 刘雄 | Preparation method of mushroom culture medium |
| CN107810785A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-03-20 | 枞阳县新农民农业种植有限公司 | A kind of mushroom bacteria stick |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103708921A (en) * | 2013-12-16 | 2014-04-09 | 绩溪县中巧食用菌种植专业合作社 | Lentinula edodes planting matrix material and treatment method thereof |
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| CN107810785A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-03-20 | 枞阳县新农民农业种植有限公司 | A kind of mushroom bacteria stick |
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Application publication date: 20131023 |