CN103435399A - Prescription of auricularia polytricha cultivation material and manufacturing method of cultivation material - Google Patents
Prescription of auricularia polytricha cultivation material and manufacturing method of cultivation material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103435399A CN103435399A CN2013103442273A CN201310344227A CN103435399A CN 103435399 A CN103435399 A CN 103435399A CN 2013103442273 A CN2013103442273 A CN 2013103442273A CN 201310344227 A CN201310344227 A CN 201310344227A CN 103435399 A CN103435399 A CN 103435399A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an auricularia polytricha cultivation material which is characterized in that scrapes of chestnut tree branches, scrapes of chestnut shells and scrapes of chestnut rinds are taken as the principal raw materials, rice husk, light calcium carbonate, calcium superphosphate and the like are taken as the auxiliary materials, and the water content of the cultivation material is 63%-65%. The invention further discloses a manufacturing method of the cultivation material. Compared with the wood dust cultivation material, the auricularia polytricha cultivation material has the advantages as follows: firstly, the cultivation material is reasonable in collocation of coarse and fine ingredients, the air permeability of the auricularia polytricha cultivation material is good, auricularia polytricha hyphae grow vigorously, and the pocket fullness time is shortened; secondly, through exposure in sunshine, stacking for ageing and biological fermentation, toxic bacteriostatics are removed, and macromolecular substances are degraded, so that absorption for the auricularia polytricha hyphae can be facilitated; thirdly, the emergence performance of the auricularia polytricha is good, the commercial properties are good, and the biological efficiency is higher; fourthly, the channels of the cultivation raw materials are broadened, and the production cost is greatly lowered.
Description
Technical field
Content of the present invention comprises Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material compatibility, and the making method of this planting material, belongs to the fungus growing technique field.
Background technology
Chinese chestnut tree is Fagaceae Castanea nuts plant, and its fruit is the famous Traditional Agricultural byproduct of China.China is the first big producing country of Chinese chestnut, and according to the statistics of Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO), to the end of the year in 2009, the Chinese Chestnut cultivated area was 200,000 hm
2, ultimate production is about 1,090,000 t, accounts for 77% of Gross World Product.
In Chinese chestnut production and the course of processing, can produce three class wastes.The one, the branch produced after pruning.China's Chinese chestnut cultivated area is large, 700,000 tons of the branch Yue Keda that the pruning of annual Cong Li garden falls, however these branches are not reasonably utilized, and major part is used as fuel wood; The 2nd, shell, have another name called luxuriant shell, Li Peng, Li Pu shell, is the waste stayed after collecting Chinese chestnut, general every 100kg Chinese chestnut just means the dry luxuriant shell that 60kg-90kg is arranged, and these luxuriant shells are drawn materials easily, enormous amount, but done fuel except minority, all the other are often arbitrarily abandoned or let alone rots; The 3rd, the chestnut shell, plant skin for the pericarp of Li Jianguo, accounts for 10% of chestnut fruit weight, and the chestnut shell is to produce in the Chinese chestnut course of processing, aboundresources and concentrating, but most of enterprise processed it as waste, both increased production cost, wastes again resource.
The Chinese chestnut branch, texture of wood is tight, and in unit volume, content of lignin is high; The bud shell, contain higher nutritive substance, and according to surveying and determination, luxuriant shell is containing crude protein 8.78%, carbon 39.04%, nitrogen 1.348%; The chestnut shell, contain the compositions such as Mierocrystalline cellulose, xylogen, and wherein content of cellulose reaches 48%, and xylogen accounts for 28.5%.Above these components, can grow essential carbon source, nitrogenous source is provided for edible fungi growth.But chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, these three kinds of materials of chestnut shell also contain the materials such as tannin, wax, can suppress the growth of hypha of edible fungus, therefore must effectively process, make these antibacterial substances be decomposed and volatilize.The method of processing comprises: sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation etc.After treatment, owing to having removed the objectionable impurities that affects the hypha of edible fungus growth, therefore be suitable for the growth of wood rotting fungi.
Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. is a kind of wood-decay fungi, has very strong decomposition xylogen, cellulosic ability.Edible mushrooms Main Cultivation raw material (cotton seed hulls, wood chip) increasingly the shortage today, if chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, these waste wood matter substitution of resources woods material cultivating Uricularia polytrichas of chestnut shell, be not only this behave of falling of an Edible Fungi, but also be a circular agriculture and environmental protection cause behave.
Summary of the invention
The present invention has following two aspects:
1, a kind ofly take the Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material compatibility that chestnut branch, luxuriant shell, chestnut shell be main raw material
2, the making method of planting material
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A kind of Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material compatibility has following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 40%-50%, luxuriant shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 10%-16%, rice bran 18%, lime powder 2%, light calcium carbonate 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
Chestnut branch bits: dry, be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Bud shell bits: be exposed to the sun, be ground into the following particle of particle diameter 3mm (preventing the long sack that punctures of luxuriant shell thorn), be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Chestnut shell bits: be ground into the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm after the chestnut shell that fresh nothing is gone mouldy is exposed to the sun, be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
Rice bran: be by product when after rice hulling, essence is ground rice, contain protein 12%-18% in rice bran, nitrogen-free extract is 28%-43%, sugared 3%-8%, in addition, also rich in mineral substances nutrient substance, vitamin B group and vitamin-E etc. in rice bran.
Lime powder, light calcium carbonate: regulate, stablize the planting material potential of hydrogen.
Calcium superphosphate: phosphorus, sulphur nutritive ingredient are provided.
The making method of planting material, comprise the steps:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 2% lime aqueous solution prewetted (fully drenching);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm on heap, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, when turning for the third time, adds the auxiliary materials such as rice bran, light calcium carbonate, calcium superphosphate, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: adopt the high-pressure polyethylene bag cylinder of folding length 15cm, length 60cm, thick 0.05mm, bacterium rod standard is stock column length (45 ± 1) cm, bacterium rod weight (2.3 ± 0.1) kg;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Adopt play cave method (pocket keeps flat, and tow sides stagger) inoculation at 5, enter the bacterium stage of sending out after inoculation, culturing room's temperature is controlled at 20 ℃-22 ℃, and relative air humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 47d-50d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
It is main raw material that chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are take in the present invention, is aided with the auxiliary materials such as rice bran, light calcium carbonate, calcium superphosphate, makes the Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material.With the cultivation on sawdust material, compare, its advantage is: the one, and the collocation of planting material thickness is reasonable, bacterium material good permeability, the Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. mycelial growth is vigorous, the purseful time shorten; The 2nd, by sunlight exposure, accumulation ageing and biological fermentation, process, both removed poisonous bacteriostatics, make again the macromolecular substance degraded, be conducive to the absorption of Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. mycelia; The 3rd, Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. goes out remebrance can be good, and commodity property is good, and biological efficiency is higher; The 4th, widened the culturing raw material channel, greatly reduce production cost.
Embodiment
Mode 1: in the present embodiment, the Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 40%, luxuriant shell bits 22%, chestnut shell bits 16%, rice bran 18%, lime powder 2%, light calcium carbonate 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
Making method:
1. shine material: 2d is exposed to the sun raw material before spice;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 2% lime aqueous solution prewetted (fully drenching);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.2m, and the trapezoidal heap of wide 3m, after carrying out heap, pat surrounding, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 15cm on heap, and at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, when turning for the third time, adds the auxiliary materials such as rice bran, light calcium carbonate, calcium superphosphate, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning number of times totally 5 times, time remaining 7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: adopt the high-pressure polyethylene bag cylinder of folding length 15cm, length 60cm, thick 0.05mm, bacterium rod standard is stock column length (45 ± 1) cm, bacterium rod weight (2.3 ± 0.1) kg;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, (after discharge cold air), keep 10h, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
Adopt play cave method (pocket keeps flat, and tow sides stagger) inoculation at 5, enter after inoculation and send out the bacterium stage, culturing room's temperature is controlled at 22 ℃, and relative air humidity is controlled at 65%, and through the cultivation of 47d, mycelia is covered with pocket, enters management of producing mushroom.
Mode 2: in the present embodiment, the Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 45%, luxuriant shell bits 20%, chestnut shell bits 13%, rice bran 18%, lime powder 2%, light calcium carbonate 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 3: in the present embodiment, the Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material comprises following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 50%, luxuriant shell bits 18%, chestnut shell bits 10%, rice bran 18%, lime powder 2%, light calcium carbonate 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.Making method is with reference to mode 1.
Mode 4 (control group): wood chip 78%, wheat bran 20%, terra alba 1%, sucrose 1%.
From following table, the chestnut branch of all modes bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits planting material mycelia purseful number of days shorten 2d-5d than control group, and its biological efficiency reaches 141.8%-148.2%, all over the control group level.
The impact of the planting material of table different modes on the Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. biological efficiency
Claims (7)
1. an Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material, it is characterized in that containing following component and quality proportioning: chestnut branch bits 40%-50%, bud shell bits 18%-22%, chestnut shell bits 10%-16%, rice bran 18%, lime powder 2%, light calcium carbonate 1%, calcium superphosphate 1%, be all the quality of dry-matter, and the proportioning sum is 100%.
2. a kind of Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described chestnut branch bits are the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, dries and be deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year.
3. a kind of Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described luxuriant shell bits, for the following particle of particle diameter 3mm, are deposited in air seasoning place, ageing 1 year after being exposed to the sun, pulverizing.
4. a kind of Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described chestnut shell bits are the particle of particle diameter 4mm-5mm, is deposited in air seasoning place after being exposed to the sun, pulverizing, ageing 1 year.
5. a kind of Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material according to claim 1, is characterized in that described rice bran is by product when after rice hulling, essence is ground rice.
6. the making method of the Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material described in a claim 1-5 is characterized in that:
1. shine material: the 1d-2d that before spice, raw material is exposed to the sun, utilize ultraviolet ray to kill part miscellaneous bacteria in raw material, make antibacterial substance decompose volatilization simultaneously;
2. prewet: first chestnut branch bits, luxuriant shell bits, chestnut shell bits are turned evenly under drying regime, thereafter with 2% lime aqueous solution prewetted (fully drenching);
3. the fermentation of banking up: wet feed is piled to high 1.0m-1.2m, wide 2m-3m, the trapezoidal heap that length is not limit, the planting material of every heap is controlled at dry weight 300kg-500kg, after carrying out heap, surrounding is patted, then insert some vertical pores with the wooden stick of diameter 10cm-15cm on heap, at the bottom of straight through reactor, stomatal frequency is 1/m
3, finally cover straw mat by its spontaneous fermentation;
4. turning: after material temperature reaches 60 ℃, keep 24h, then carry out turning, and later turning every day once, when turning for the third time, adds the auxiliary materials such as rice bran, light calcium carbonate, calcium superphosphate, and the water content of looking windrow keeps the skin wet, turning number of times 4-5 time altogether, time remaining 6d-7d, while stopping fermentation, the water content of culture material is 63%-65%;
5. pack: adopt the high-pressure polyethylene bag cylinder of folding length 15cm, length 60cm, thick 0.05mm, bacterium rod standard is stock column length (45 ± 1) cm, bacterium rod weight (2.3 ± 0.1) kg;
6. sterilizing, cooling: pocket is carried out to normal-pressure sterilization, and when kettle temperature reaches 100 ℃, (after discharge cold air), keep 10h-12h, then naturally cools to below 25 ℃.
7. utilize the Auricularia polytricha (Mout) Sacc. planting material described in claim 1-6, it is characterized in that adopting beat the cave method (pocket keeps flat at 5, tow sides stagger) inoculation, enter the bacterium stage of sending out after inoculation, culturing room's temperature is controlled at 20 ℃-22 ℃, and relative air humidity is controlled at 60%-75%, through the cultivation of 47d-50d, mycelia is covered with pocket, can enter management of producing mushroom.
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104396566A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-11 | 刘雄 | Black fungus cultivation method |
CN104541991A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-04-29 | 邬方成 | Auricularia polytricha cultivation method |
CN104584879A (en) * | 2015-02-22 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method of auricularia polytricha |
CN104737798A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Auricularia polytricha cultivating method |
CN104737799A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Auricularia polytricha cultivating method |
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CN101176410A (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2008-05-14 | 曾志 | Method for stereo planting auricularia polytricha using stalk |
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Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN101176410A (en) * | 2007-12-05 | 2008-05-14 | 曾志 | Method for stereo planting auricularia polytricha using stalk |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
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杨大林: ""白背木耳的生物学特性及栽培技术"", 《农家科技》 * |
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Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN104396566A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-03-11 | 刘雄 | Black fungus cultivation method |
CN104541991A (en) * | 2015-02-04 | 2015-04-29 | 邬方成 | Auricularia polytricha cultivation method |
CN104584879A (en) * | 2015-02-22 | 2015-05-06 | 邬方成 | Cultivation method of auricularia polytricha |
CN104737798A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Auricularia polytricha cultivating method |
CN104737799A (en) * | 2015-03-18 | 2015-07-01 | 邬金梅 | Auricularia polytricha cultivating method |
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