CN103348860A - I lex cornuta 'Ougon' cutting propagation method - Google Patents
I lex cornuta 'Ougon' cutting propagation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a I lex cornuta 'Ougon' cutting propagation method, and belongs to the technical field of plant propagation. The method includes the steps of optimizing cultivation of female parents, preparation and sterilization of matrices, scion collection, cutting treatment and management after cutting. The I lex cornuta 'Ougon' cutting propagation method can be suitable for the climate and soil environment in China, the rooting condition is good, the rate of finished products reaches 85%, operation is easy, the breeding speed is high, and a good market prospect can be achieved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the plant propagation technical field, be specifically related to gold structure bone cuttage breeding method.
Background technology
Gold structure bone, formal name used at school Ilex cornuta ' Ougon ', Aquifoliaceae, Ilex, the dungarunga kind, it is HTC Chinese ilex (Ilex cassine aiphyllium, produce Cuba and southeastern US) with the natural hybrid species of dahoon (Ilex opaca produces eastern united states and middle part, evergreen shrubs or dungarunga).Be the perennial evergreen shrub, high 2-3m, the bark brown, the level and smooth close life of branch and launching, minute principal stresses is strong.Blade is less, and is stingless, the leaf keratin, and Long Circle, long 4-5cm, wide 1.5-2.0cm, leaf margin have 8-10 soft ratchet, and base portion is truncate, and short handle is arranged.Young leaves is golden yellow, and color and luster is pure, is not afraid of high light, and light is stronger, its leaf look more golden yellow, keeps golden yellow from annual April to October always, and after the November, blade deepens green gradually, glossy, the fruit redness is prolonged does not does not wither and fall, rather attractive in appearance, therefore has very high ornamental value.
Gold structure bone accommodation is wide especially, high temperature and the intense light irradiation of ability more than 40 ℃, can be at-15 ℃ severe cold safe overwintering, south all can be planted to Beijing to north, Guangzhou, quite can adapt to urban environment, pernicious gas there is stronger resistance, the toxic gases such as SO 2, Cl 2, HF are had stronger resistance, and sprout tiller strength is strong, anti-pruning, therefore be desirable afforestation kind, be called as the nursery stock kind of " tool development potentiality ".
Gold structure bone was found by the scientist of United States Department of Agriculture as far back as 1985, after propagate into Japan, but in China or a brand-new kind, by the inquiry to pertinent literature, have no at present domestic have gold structure bone Technique on Cuttage Propagation relevant scientific paper and patent, it is blank that this field still belongs to.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of technical scheme of gold structure bone cuttage breeding method, it is simple to operate, and reproduction speed is fast, and yield rate reaches more than 85%.
Gold structure bone cuttage breeding method of the present invention is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, maternal optimization are cultivated: select to carry out female parent March in late September to next year and plant, at the female parent the first two months of planting ground, garden soil is improved, plant and bury, soil exceeds the 2cm of rhizome section, the seeding row spacing of planting is 30 * 35cm, is arranged in quincunxly, then enters the management after the transplanting;
The preparation of step 2, matrix and sterilization: adopting volume ratio is the peat of 5:3:2: perlite: vermiculite mixed preparing matrix, and the graininess that adds 100g when preparation is protected ground only, prepare front 24 hours potassium permanganates with 1000ppm concentration of rear cuttage and carry out the matrix sterilization, then water permeable wait cuttage;
Step 3, adopt fringe and the cuttage of fringe bar are processed: being selected in late September adopts the fringe cuttage, choose suitable female parent and carry out sun-shading adopting fringe cuttage the first two months, promote that fringe bar blade is green by xanthochromia, then according to the branch thickness, the upper, middle and lower of inserted part, and the upper, middle and lower of fringe bar inserted part on the branch, fringe is adopted in classification, cut into the plugged ear that length is 2.5 ~ 3.5cm, leave a leaf one bud, upper cut is positioned at and keeps the above 2mm of blade place's axillalry bud, lower cut is selected in 1mm place under petiole or the stipule trace, otch is level and smooth, per high-temperature sterilization half a day of cutter of using or the sterilization of 500 times carbendazim aqueous solution soaking, adopt the plugged ear that scales off and dip in the hormotone processing through speed, the blade face is all to the south, inserts respectively matrix by classification;
Step 4, management after the cuttage: after the cuttage, in the rooting process, temperature in the control small arched shed is between 25 ℃ ~ 40 ℃, keeping water content of substrate is 60% ~ 70% of saturation moisture content, relative air humidity every 10 days, sprays foliage fertilizer one time more than 95%, when plugged ear is taken root more than 85%, carry out hardening, when plugged ear is taken root more than 90%, progressively ventilate, and the maintenance water content of substrate is 45% of saturation moisture content, after finishing to hardening, change into watering and execute foliage fertilizer, and after cuttage to going out in the process of garden, every 10 days in conjunction with moisturizing, spray anthrax good fortune U.S. or a carbendazim aqueous solution sterilization of 500 times, pull out simultaneously diseased plant, high temperature season is added a cover 75% ~ 90% sunshade net, treat that packing is complete, matrix can not go out the garden when loose;
Suitable female parent in the described step 3 is long sturdy fringe bar, the lignified female parent of fringe bar of giving birth to one year; Choose suitable female parent and carry out sun-shading adopting fringe cuttage the first two months, promote that fringe bar blade is green by xanthochromia.
Hormotone in the described step 3 is the mixed solution of the carbendazim of the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 500ppm concentration and 1000ppm concentration;
It is 1cm that hormotone speed in the described step 3 is dipped in the degree of depth;
Foliage fertilizer in the described step 4 be every mu of 2kg flower the more or the 0.2% urea foliage fertilizer of every mu of 2kg.
In the described step 1 improvement of soil comprise plant front 2 months every mu apply decomposed dung 3000kg ~ 4000kg, superphosphate 50kg, Furadan 2kg carries out the deep ploughing that a time degree of depth is 25cm; Carry out the deep ploughing second time after 2 months, more than the degree of depth 25cm, carefully harrow once again.
Management after transplanting in the described step 1 comprises the nutrient management: in 3 ~ April, spread fertilizer over the fields urea one time every 10 days, consumption is 5kg/ mu; In 5 ~ June, alternately spread fertilizer over the fields urea and composite fertilizer every 10 days, consumption is 5kg/ mu; In 7 ~ August, to execute in conjunction with the drought resisting of watering every 10 days and to water 0.2% urea liquid fertilizer once, consumption is 2kg/ mu; Adopt to execute immediately behind the fringe at every turn and water 0.2% urea liquid fertilizer, consumption is 2kg/ mu;
Management after the transplanting in the described step 1 also comprises the control management of damage by disease and insect: with 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, or 800 times of 50% zineb, or 1% bordeaux mixture 100-150 times liquid, prevent and treat gray mold; With 100 ~ 150 times of liquid of 1% bordeaux mixture, or 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 60 ~ 75% zineb, or 300 ~ 400 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, or 300 ~ 400 times of liquid of 50% topsin, or 50% move back 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of bacterium powder, prevents and treats leaf spot; With 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid of 50% DDT EC, or 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion, the control defoliator; With 200 ~ 400 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, or 100 ~ 200 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate are sprayed to the trunk flow liquid, control trunk borer larva; With 1000 times of liquid of 80% dichlorvos, or 200 times of liquid base portions of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate spray control trunk borer adult; After being watered 250g dissolving with 90% trichlorphon 50%, mix 1kg wheat bran and make poison bait, every mu of consumption 1 ~ 1.5kg, or every mu be sprinkled into soil with the 2kg Furadan, or 1500 times of liquid of 75% Uranus, or 1000 times of liquid of 50% DDT EC spray the control soil insect.
Management after transplanting in the described step 1 also comprises to transplanting the female parent after a year, all carries out the childrenization processing annual mid-February.
Above-mentioned gold structure bone cuttage breeding method can adapt to the weather soil environment of China, takes root all right, and yield rate reaches 85%, and simple to operate, and reproduction speed is fast, has good market prospects.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with related experiment and embodiment, the present invention is described in further details, but the present invention is not limited to following examples.
Gold structure bone cuttage breeding method of the present invention comprises the steps:
1, maternal optimization is cultivated: the cultivation of gold structure bone female parent is the basis of carrying out cottage propagation work, and whether the stalwartness of maternal growth, is directly connected to that plugged ear survives and reproductive output.Loose, fertile soil is very favourable to the growth of gold structure bone, therefore before planting, must improve soil: plant front 2 months every mu apply decomposed dung 3000kg ~ 4000kg, superphosphate 50kg, Furadan 2kg, carry out the deep ploughing that a time degree of depth is 25cm, require not stay the dead angle; Carry out the deep ploughing second time after 2 months, more than the degree of depth 25cm, once carefully harrow again, require to plough and carefully rake.When making bed, should notice that bed surface is slightly high in the middle of wanting, both sides are slightly low; Pavement two is low, and the centre is slightly high, and is unimpeded to guarantee draining.
Be selected in and carry out maternal planting March in late October to next year, mud with 0.5% ~ 1.0% phosphate fertilizer is dipped in bareroot seedling rhizome section, to inspire new root, be written in the soil, the degree of depth exceeds the plant rhizome 2cm of section with soil and is advisable, guarantee that root system is unfolded and compacting, notice that controlling the seeding row spacing of planting is 30 * 35cm, is arranged in quincunx.Transplant complete after, in time irrigate normal root water, then at bed surface upper berth one deck straw, to keep ground moistening and to prevent native dash board knot, require to accomplish lifting on the same day, planted complete the same day.
Carry out the management of moisture, illumination, nutrient, weeds and damage by disease and insect after planting, to guarantee maternal healthy growth, provide to greatest extent healthy and strong fringe bar.
Moisture is planted rear such as continuous sunny to keep moistening as principle, should spray water 1 ~ 2 time to above-ground plant parts every day within 15 days; Such as the continuous rainy day, timely draining, guarantee not ponding of ground, garden.
Illumination is to guarantee the nursery stock stalwartness as principle, and the bareroot seedling wood of planting such as high temperature, should shelter from heat or light at seedling-slowing stage, and the time is two weeks approximately; After adopting fringe, high temperature season also should shelter from heat or light, to promote it to increase rudiment and to take out the tip.
Fertilizer repeatedly as principle, behind the transplant survival, in 3 ~ April, spread fertilizer over the fields urea one time every 10 days take on a small quantity, and consumption is 5kg/ mu; In 5 ~ June, alternately spread fertilizer over the fields urea and composite fertilizer every 10 days, consumption is 5kg/ mu; In 7 ~ August, to execute in conjunction with the drought resisting of watering every 10 days and to water 0.2% urea liquid fertilizer once, consumption is 2kg/ mu; In 11 ~ December, the female parent seedling trench digging, the buriing decomposed manure, every mu of 1500 ~ 2500kg can carry out simultaneously in conjunction with weeding with a hoe when spreading fertilizer over the fields urea and composite fertilizer, imposes in the ranks; Adopt all should execute immediately behind the fringe at every turn and water 0.2% urea liquid fertilizer, consumption is 2kg/ mu.
Weed with a hoe take " except early, except little, except " as principle.
Pest management is taken into account as principle to put prevention first, to prevent and treat, and mainly prevents and treats the harm of gray mold, leaf spot and food leaf and trunk borer, soil insect.800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of available 50% carbendazim, or 800 times of 50% zineb, or 1% bordeaux mixture 100-150 times liquid are prevented and treated gray mold; With 100 ~ 150 times of liquid of 1% bordeaux mixture, or 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 60 ~ 75% zineb, or 300 ~ 400 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, or 300 ~ 400 times of liquid of 50% topsin, or 50% move back 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of bacterium powder, prevents and treats leaf spot; With 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid of 50% DDT EC, or 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion, the control defoliator; With 200 ~ 400 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, or 100 ~ 200 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate are sprayed to the trunk flow liquid, control trunk borer larva; With 1000 times of liquid of 80% dichlorvos, or 200 times of liquid base portions of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate spray control trunk borer adult; After being watered 250g dissolving with 90% trichlorphon 50%, mix 1kg wheat bran and make poison bait, every mu of consumption 1 ~ 1.5kg, or every mu be sprinkled into soil with the 2kg Furadan, or 1500 times of liquid of 75% Uranus, or 1000 times of liquid of 50% DDT EC spray the control soil insect.
Be selected in annual mid-February, to the female parent after the year and a day of planting, all carry out the childrenization processing.
2. the preparation of matrix and sterilization: substrate preparation take the ventilation, permeable, be beneficial to and take root as standard, adopting volume ratio is the peat of 5:3:2: perlite: vermiculite mixed preparing matrix, and the graininess that adds 100g when preparation is protected ground only, prepare front 24 hours potassium permanganates with 1000ppm concentration of rear cuttage, matrix is carried out the thorough disinfection desinsection, water at last permeable wait cuttage.
3. adopt fringe and the cuttage of fringe bar are processed: gold structure bone belongs to the kind of more easily taking root, but throughout the year all cuttages, but the heavy pruning in spring and autumn, need gently adopt summer.Preferred cutting time is late September in autumn, treats that the fringe bar grows up to annual sturdy fringe bar, carries out cuttage when reaching certain degree of lignification.Begin have the female parent of suitable fringe bar to carry out sun-shading to long in the first two month of cuttage, promote that fringe bar blade is green by xanthochromia, then according to the branch thickness, the upper, middle and lower of inserted part, and the upper, middle and lower of fringe bar inserted part on the branch, fringe is adopted in classification, cut into the plugged ear that length is 2.5 ~ 3.5cm, leave a leaf one bud, upper cut is positioned at and keeps the above 2mm of blade place's axillalry bud, lower cut is selected in 1mm place under petiole or the stipule trace, the requirement cutter is sharp, guaranteeing that otch is level and smooth, the carbendazim aqueous solution soaking sterilization of per high-temperature sterilization half a day of the cutter of use or 500 times is to reduce the possibility of virus infection.Adopting the plugged ear that scales off needs speed to dip in hormotone, hormotone is evenly mixed by the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 500ppm concentration and the potassium permanganate of 1000ppm concentration, speed is dipped in the degree of depth and is advisable with 1cm, require uniformity, definitely can not dip in completely whole fringe bar, hormotone requires preparation on the same day, and used the same day, in order to avoid impact effect.Require the blade face all to the south during cuttage, strictly cuttage enters matrix by classifying respectively.
4. the management after the cuttage: after the cuttage, in the rooting process, temperature in the control small arched shed is between 25 ℃ ~ 40 ℃, keeping water content of substrate was 60% ~ 70% of saturation moisture content, and relative air humidity sprayed one time foliage fertilizer more than 95% every 10 days, select and spend the more or 0.2% urea foliage fertilizer, consumption is 2kg/ mu, when plugged ear is taken root more than 85%, carries out hardening, when plugged ear is taken root more than 90%, progressively ventilate, and to keep water content of substrate be 45% of saturation moisture content, after finishing to hardening, change into watering and execute foliage fertilizer, and after cuttage to going out in the process of garden, every 10 days in conjunction with moisturizing, spray anthrax good fortune U.S. or a sterilization of the carbendazim aqueous solution of 500 times, pull out simultaneously diseased plant, high temperature season is added a cover 75% ~ 90% sunshade net, treats that packing is complete, and matrix can not go out the garden when loose.
Claims (5)
1. gold structure bone cuttage breeding method is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
Step 1, maternal optimization are cultivated: select to carry out female parent March in late September to next year and plant, at the female parent the first two months of planting ground, garden soil is improved, plant and bury, soil exceeds the 2cm of rhizome section, the seeding row spacing of planting is 30 * 35cm, is arranged in quincunxly, then enters the management after the transplanting;
The preparation of step 2, matrix and sterilization: adopting volume ratio is the peat of 5:3:2: perlite: vermiculite mixed preparing matrix, and the graininess that adds 100g when preparation is protected ground only, prepare front 24 hours potassium permanganates with 1000ppm concentration of rear cuttage and carry out the matrix sterilization, then water permeable wait cuttage;
Step 3, adopt fringe and the cuttage of fringe bar are processed: being selected in late September adopts the fringe cuttage, choose suitable female parent and carry out sun-shading adopting fringe cuttage the first two months, promote that fringe bar blade is green by xanthochromia, then according to the branch thickness, the upper, middle and lower of inserted part, and the upper, middle and lower of fringe bar inserted part on the branch, fringe is adopted in classification, cut into the plugged ear that length is 2.5 ~ 3.5cm, leave a leaf one bud, upper cut is positioned at and keeps the above 2mm of blade place's axillalry bud, lower cut is selected in 1mm place under petiole or the stipule trace, otch is level and smooth, per high-temperature sterilization half a day of cutter of using or the sterilization of 500 times carbendazim aqueous solution soaking, adopt the plugged ear that scales off and dip in the hormotone processing through speed, the blade face is all to the south, inserts respectively matrix by classification;
Step 4, management after the cuttage: after the cuttage, in the rooting process, temperature in the control small arched shed is between 25 ℃ ~ 40 ℃, keeping water content of substrate is 60% ~ 70% of saturation moisture content, relative air humidity every 10 days, sprays foliage fertilizer one time more than 95%, when plugged ear is taken root more than 85%, carry out hardening, when plugged ear is taken root more than 90%, progressively ventilate, and the maintenance water content of substrate is 45% of saturation moisture content, after finishing to hardening, change into watering and execute foliage fertilizer, and after cuttage to going out in the process of garden, every 10 days in conjunction with moisturizing, spray anthrax good fortune U.S. or a carbendazim aqueous solution sterilization of 500 times, pull out simultaneously diseased plant, high temperature season is added a cover 75% ~ 90% sunshade net, treat that packing is complete, matrix can not go out the garden when loose;
Suitable female parent in the described step 3 is long sturdy fringe bar, the lignified female parent of fringe bar of giving birth to one year; Choose suitable female parent and carry out sun-shading adopting fringe cuttage the first two months, promote that fringe bar blade is green by xanthochromia.
2. the hormotone in the described step 3 is the mixed solution of the carbendazim of the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 500ppm concentration and 1000ppm concentration;
It is 1cm that hormotone speed in the described step 3 is dipped in the degree of depth;
Foliage fertilizer in the described step 4 be every mu of 2kg flower the more or the 0.2% urea foliage fertilizer of every mu of 2kg.
3. gold structure bone cuttage breeding method as claimed in claim 1, the improvement that it is characterized in that soil in the described step 1 comprise plant front 2 months every mu apply decomposed dung 3000kg ~ 4000kg, superphosphate 50kg, Furadan 2kg carries out the deep ploughing that a time degree of depth is 25cm; Carry out the deep ploughing second time after 2 months, more than the degree of depth 25cm, carefully harrow once again.
4. gold structure bone cuttage breeding method as claimed in claim 2, the management after it is characterized in that transplanting in the described step 1 comprises the nutrient management: in 3 ~ April, spread fertilizer over the fields urea one time every 10 days, consumption is 5kg/ mu; In 5 ~ June, alternately spread fertilizer over the fields urea and composite fertilizer every 10 days, consumption is 5kg/ mu; In 7 ~ August, to execute in conjunction with the drought resisting of watering every 10 days and to water 0.2% urea liquid fertilizer once, consumption is 2kg/ mu; Adopt to execute immediately behind the fringe at every turn and water 0.2% urea liquid fertilizer, consumption is 2kg/ mu;
Gold structure bone cuttage breeding method as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that management after the transplanting in the described step 1 also comprises the control management of damage by disease and insect: with 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, or 50% 800 times of zineb, or 1% bordeaux mixture 100-150 times liquid, prevent and treat gray mold; With 100 ~ 150 times of liquid of 1% bordeaux mixture, or 500 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 60 ~ 75% zineb, or 300 ~ 400 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim, or 300 ~ 400 times of liquid of 50% topsin, or 50% move back 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of bacterium powder, prevents and treats leaf spot; With 1000 ~ 1500 times of liquid of 50% DDT EC, or 800 ~ 1000 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsion, the control defoliator; With 200 ~ 400 times of liquid of 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, or 100 ~ 200 times of liquid of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate are sprayed to the trunk flow liquid, control trunk borer larva; With 1000 times of liquid of 80% dichlorvos, or 200 times of liquid base portions of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate spray control trunk borer adult; After being watered 250g dissolving with 90% trichlorphon 50%, mix 1kg wheat bran and make poison bait, every mu of consumption 1 ~ 1.5kg, or every mu be sprinkled into soil with the 2kg Furadan, or 1500 times of liquid of 75% Uranus, or 1000 times of liquid of 50% DDT EC spray the control soil insect.
5. gold structure bone cuttage breeding method as claimed in claim 4, the management after it is characterized in that transplanting in the described step 1 also comprise and to transplanting the female parent after a year, all carry out the childrenization processing annual mid-February.
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| CN104082017A (en) * | 2014-07-21 | 2014-10-08 | 句容市仑山花木场 | Osmanthus heterophyllus 'ougon' propagation method |
| CN104221787A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-24 | 张纪林 | Method for preventing and controlling ilex cornuta varfortunei pests |
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| CN106171372A (en) * | 2016-07-03 | 2016-12-07 | 浙江森禾种业股份有限公司 | Yellow prince's Radix Berberidis Amurensis cuttage breeding method |
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| CN113875409A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-04 | 山东农业大学 | Efficient cutting propagation method for holly |
| CN114946431A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-08-30 | 江苏青好景观园艺有限公司 | Yin-avoiding ear picking cutting seedling raising method for Chinese holly in spring |
| CN114946431B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2024-08-02 | 江苏青好景观园艺有限公司 | Method for cutting seedling raising of negative-avoiding cutting shoots of golden holly in spring |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113875409A (en) * | 2021-10-14 | 2022-01-04 | 山东农业大学 | Efficient cutting propagation method for holly |
| CN114946431A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-08-30 | 江苏青好景观园艺有限公司 | Yin-avoiding ear picking cutting seedling raising method for Chinese holly in spring |
| CN114946431B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2024-08-02 | 江苏青好景观园艺有限公司 | Method for cutting seedling raising of negative-avoiding cutting shoots of golden holly in spring |
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Address after: 314512 No. 288 Qinqiu West Road, Shimen Town Industrial Zone, Tongxiang City, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province Patentee after: Zhejiang Feng Kai agricultural New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. Address before: 314512 South Bridge Head Group of Minfeng Village, Shimen Town, Tongxiang City, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province Patentee before: Tongxiang Feng Kai Horticulture Co., Ltd. |
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