CN103348492B - 太阳能电池模块及其制造方法 - Google Patents

太阳能电池模块及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN103348492B
CN103348492B CN201280007213.6A CN201280007213A CN103348492B CN 103348492 B CN103348492 B CN 103348492B CN 201280007213 A CN201280007213 A CN 201280007213A CN 103348492 B CN103348492 B CN 103348492B
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前田将规
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Abstract

本发明的太阳能电池模块(1)的特征在于,依次层叠有透明基板(10)、透明树脂板(22)、太阳能电池单元(12)、着色树脂板(21)和背板(11),通过对该层叠物进行层压而制成,透明树脂板的MFR比着色树脂板的MFR小。在上述层压工序中,要绕入到太阳能电池单元的受光面(12a)上的着色树脂板被粘度高的透明树脂板挡开,能够有效地抑制着色树脂板绕入到受光面上,能够防止光接收效率的降低。

Description

太阳能电池模块及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及太阳能电池模块及其制造方法。
背景技术
近年来,作为环境负载小的能源,太阳能电池受到较大关注。
太阳能电池模块具备太阳能电池单元。太阳能电池单元因与水分等的接触而容易劣化。因此,需要使太阳能电池单元与外界大气隔离。所以,太阳能电池单元通常配置在设置于用于保护表背的保护部件之间的充填剂层的内部。
关于该充填剂层,例如下述的专利文献1中记载有充填剂层中的、位于太阳能电池单元的背面和背面侧保护部件之间的部分由着色EVA膜制作。另外,专利文献1中记载有通过使用着色EVA膜,能够提高光的利用效率,因此能够提高光电转换效率。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2003-258283号公报
发明内容
发明想要解决的问题
专利文献1记载的太阳能电池模块例如能够通过对着色EVA膜和透明EVA膜之间配置有太阳能电池单元的层叠体进行加热压接而制造。
但是,利用这种制造方法制造出专利文献1所述的太阳能电池模块的情况下,存在着色EVA绕入太阳能电池单元的受光面侧的可能性。着色EVA绕入太阳能电池单元的受光面侧时,要入射到受光面的光的一部分被着色EVA遮挡。所以,受光面的受光效率降低,因此产生太阳能电池模块的输出变低的问题。
本发明是鉴于该问题点而完成的,其目的在于提供具有改善后的输出的太阳能电池模块及其制造方法。
用于解决课题的技术方案
本发明的太阳能电池模块中,依次层叠有透明基板、透明树脂层、太阳能电池单元、着色树脂层和背板。太阳能电池单元的受光面朝向透明树脂层侧。太阳能电池单元的背面朝向着色树脂层侧。透明树脂层的MFR比着色树脂层的MFR小。
本发明的太阳能电池模块的制造方法中,形成依次层叠有透明基板、透明树脂板、太阳能电池单元、着色树脂板和背板而形成的层叠体。太阳能电池单元的受光面朝向透明树脂板侧。太阳能电池单元的背面朝向着色树脂板侧。透明树脂板具有比着色树脂板高的粘度。在对层叠体进行加热的同时进行层压。
发明效果
根据本发明,能够提供具有改善后的输出的太阳能电池模块及其制造方法。
附图说明
图1是本发明的一实施方式的太阳能电池模块的概略的平面图。
图2是图1的线II-II的概略截面图。
图3是层叠体的概略图的分解截面图。
具体实施方式
以下,对实施本发明的优选的方式的一个例子进行说明。其中,以下的实施方式仅仅为例示。本发明不限于以下的实施方式。
另外,在以下的实施方式中参照的各图中,实质上具有相同功能的部件用相同的附图标记加以参照。另外,在实施方式中参照的各图是示意性的记载的图,在图中所描绘的物体的尺寸的比率等,有时与现实的物体的尺寸的比率等不同。在图彼此之间,有时物体的尺寸比率等也不同。具体的物体的尺寸比率等应参照以下的说明进行判断。
图1是本发明的一实施方式的太阳能电池模块的概略图的平面图。图2是在图1的线II-II的概略的截面图。如图1和图2所示,太阳能电池模块1具备作为受光面侧保护部件的透明基板10、作为背面侧保护部件的背板11、作为树脂层的充填剂层13、包括多个太阳能电池单元12的太阳能电池单元组件2。
此外,太阳能电池模块1也可以具有围绕周围的框体。另外,在透明基板10或背板11上也可以具有电力取出用的端子盒。
(透明基板10)
透明基板10配置在太阳能电池单元12的受光面12a侧。透明基板10是保护太阳能电池单元组件2,并且担保太阳能电池模块1的机械强度的部件。
透明基板10能够由例如玻璃板、树脂板等构成。其中,透明基板10优选由玻璃板构成。这是因为,玻璃板的刚性和透光率高,且耐候性良好。
此外,透明基板10的厚度并不特别地限定。透明基板10的厚度能够为例如3mm~6mm左右。
(背板11)
背板11与透明基板10相对。背板11配置在太阳能电池单元12的背面12b侧。背板11能够由例如聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)等形成的具有可挠性的树脂板等构成。此外,构成背板11的树脂板的内部可以设置有例如铝箔等的金属箔、水分透过性低的无机阻挡层等。无机阻挡层能够由例如氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化镁等的无机氧化物等形成。
此外,背板11的厚度并不特别地限定。背板11的厚度能够为例如150μm~300μm左右。
(太阳能电池单元组件2)
充填剂层13的内部配置有太阳能电池单元组件2。太阳能电池单元组件2具备相互电连接的多个太阳能电池单元串3。太阳能电池单元串3具备多个太阳能电池单元12。多个太阳能电池单元12在一个方向上排列配置,通过配线件14串联或并联地电连接。具体而言,多个太阳能电池单元12,通过在一个方向上相邻的太阳能电池单元12彼此由配线件14电连接,而串联或并联地电连接。
太阳能电池单元12具备光电转换部和配置在光电转换部上的p侧电极和n侧电极。光电转换部是通过进行受光而产生电子、空穴等的载流子的部件。光电转换部可以具备:例如具有一个导电型的结晶性半导体基板;和配置在该结晶性半导体基板上的p型非晶质半导体层和n型非晶质半导体层。另外,光电转换部也可以为具有n型掺杂剂扩散区域和p型掺杂剂扩散区域露出于表面的半导体基板的部件。
光电转换部可以具备:p型或n型的结晶性半导体基板;形成在结晶性半导体基板上的p型非晶质半导体层与n型非晶质半导体层;和配置在p型非晶质半导体层以及n型非晶质半导体层和结晶性半导体基板之间的、实质上对发电没有贡献的厚度的i型非晶质半导体层。
另外,太阳能电池单元12可以为p侧电极和n侧电极的双方设置在光电转换部的背面上的所谓背面接合型的太阳能电池单元。
p侧电极和n侧电极各自的材质只要是导电材料就不特别限定。p侧电极和n侧电极各自能够由例如银、铜、铝、钛、镍、铬等的金属、或包含这些金属中的一种以上的合金构成。另外,p侧电极和n侧电极各自可以包含例如由上述金属或合金形成的多个导电层的层叠体。
(充填剂层13)
作为树脂层的充填剂层13被充填在透明基板10和背板11之间。该充填剂层13是用于密封太阳能电池单元组件2的部件。因此,充填剂层13也被称为密封层。
充填剂层13由包含着色树脂层13a和层叠在着色树脂层13a上的透明树脂层13b的层叠体构成。在这些着色树脂层13a和透明树脂层13b之间的界面配置有太阳能电池单元组件2。太阳能电池单元组件2配置为,太阳能电池单元12的受光面12a朝向透明树脂层13b侧,背面12b朝向着色树脂层13a侧。
此外,在本实施方式中,作为树脂层的充填剂层13由包括着色树脂层13a和透明树脂层13b的层叠体构成。但是,在本发明中,树脂层只要具有位于背面侧的着色树脂层;和位于受光面侧、与着色树脂层相邻的透明树脂层,就并无特别限定。树脂层也可以具有着色树脂层和透明树脂层以外的树脂层。另外,着色树脂层和透明树脂层的各自也可以由多个树脂层构成。
透明树脂层13b配置在太阳能电池单元12的受光面12a和透明基板10之间。在此,透明树脂层13b是使太阳能电池单元12中的光电转换所使用的波段的光透过的树脂层。优选透明树脂层13b是400nm~1100nm的波段的平均透光率为85%以上的树脂层。
另一方面,着色树脂层13a配置在太阳能电池单元12的背面12b和背板11之间。着色树脂层13a可以由例如包含树脂和着色剂的树脂组成物形成。另外,着色树脂层13a可以由例如白色树脂等的有色树脂形成。
作为着色剂的具体例,能够列举例如氧化钛颗粒、碳酸钙颗粒等的白色的着色剂,群青等的蓝色着色剂,炭黑等的黑色着色剂,玻璃珠或光散射材料等的使着色树脂层13a为乳白色的着色剂等。在这些之中,作为着色剂优选使用白色的氧化钛颗粒。使白色的氧化钛颗粒包含于着色树脂层13a中,由此在着色树脂层13a中光容易发生散射,能够进一步提高太阳能电池模块1的光电转换效率。
本实施方式中,透明树脂层13b的熔体流动速率(MFR)比着色树脂层13a的MFR小。即,构成透明树脂层13b的树脂和构成着色树脂层13a的树脂形成为透明树脂层13b的熔体流动速率(MFR)比着色树脂层13a的MFR小的组合。优选透明树脂层13b的熔体流动速率(MFR)比着色树脂层13a的MFR小0.7g/10分钟以上,更加优选小1.0g/10分钟以上。
具体而言,构成透明树脂层13b的树脂优选为例如选自乙烯性不饱和硅烷化合物、乙烯性不饱和硅烷化合物与α-烯烃的共聚物、和硅烷改性树脂中的至少一种树脂。
作为乙烯性不饱和硅烷化合物有例如乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三丙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三羧基硅烷等。
作为α-烯烃有例如乙烯、丙烯、1-丁烯、异丁烯、1-戊烯、2-甲基-1-丁烯等。
作为硅烷改性树脂有例如硅烷改性乙烯、硅烷改性聚氨酯、硅烷改性酚、硅烷改性环氧树脂等。
另一方面,构成着色树脂层13a的树脂优选例如选自乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、硅树脂、环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯和聚丙烯中的至少一种。
此外,在本发明中,“熔体流动速率(MFR)”是用数值表示热可塑性树脂的熔融时的流动性。
熔体流动速率(MFR)的计算能够利用以下的方法进行。即,以一定的时间间隔切取挤压物,测定一系列的切去量,能够利用以下(1)的计算式求出熔体流动速率(MFR)。
MFR(g/10分钟)=600×m/t···(1)
其中,上述式(1)中,
MFR:熔体流动速率(g/10分钟)
m:切取片的平均质量
t:试样的切取时间间隔(秒)
600:基准时间的秒数(=10分钟)
(太阳能电池模块1的制造方法)
接着,参照图3说明太阳能电池模块1的制造方法的一例。
首先,如图3所示,在透明基板10上依次层叠用于构成透明树脂层13b的透明树脂板22、太阳能电池单元组件2、用于构成着色树脂层13a的着色树脂板21和背板11,由此形成层叠体30(层叠体形成工序)。
接着,在对层叠体30进行加热的同时进行层压,能够完成太阳能电池模块1(层压工序)。
在本实施方式中,如上所述,透明树脂层13b的熔体流动速率(MFR)比着色树脂层13a的MFR小。因此,作为着色树脂板21,在层压工序中使用具有比透明树脂板低的粘度的树脂板。
但是,在对层叠体进行了层压后的情况下,位于透明树脂板和着色树脂板的层叠体端部的部分发生变形而变薄。因此,在层压工序中,位于透明树脂板和着色树脂板的层叠体端部的部分的一部分朝向层叠体中央流动。另外,透明基板是比较硬的材质,另一方面,树脂板具有可挠性。因此,设置在树脂板侧的着色树脂板要朝向层叠体中央侧且透明基板侧流动。所以,有时位于太阳能电池单元组件的外边缘部的太阳能电池单元的受光面上绕入有着色树脂板。
但是,在本实施方式中,透明树脂层13b的MFR比着色树脂层13a的MFR小,在层压工序中,着色树脂板21的粘度比透明树脂板22的粘度低。所以,在层压工序中,要绕入到太阳能电池单元12的受光面12a上的着色树脂板21被粘度高的透明树脂板22挡开。其结果是,能够有效地抑制着色树脂板21绕入到太阳能电池单元12的受光面12a上。由此,能够制造具有改善了光电转换效率的太阳能电池模块1。
从更加有效地抑制着色树脂板21绕入到太阳能电池单元12的受光面12a上的观点出发,优选透明树脂层13b的MFR(=透明树脂板22的MFR)比着色树脂层13a的MFR(=着色树脂板21的MFR)小0.7g/10分钟以上,更加优选小1.0g/10分钟以上。
附图标记说明
1…太阳能电池模块
2…太阳能电池单元组件
3…太阳能电池单元串
10…透明基板
11…背板
12…太阳能电池单元
12a…受光面
12b…背面
13…充填剂层
13a…着色树脂层
13b…透明树脂层
14…配线件
21…着色树脂板
22…透明树脂板
30…层叠体

Claims (4)

1.一种太阳能电池模块,其特征在于:
依次层叠有透明基板、透明树脂层、太阳能电池单元、着色树脂层和背板,所述太阳能电池单元的受光面朝向所述透明树脂层侧,所述太阳能电池单元的背面朝向所述着色树脂层侧,
所述透明树脂层的MFR比所述着色树脂层的MFR小,
所述透明树脂层包含选自乙烯性不饱和硅烷化合物、乙烯性不饱和硅烷化合物与α-烯烃的共聚物和硅烷改性树脂中的至少一种树脂,
所述着色树脂层包含选自乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、硅树脂、环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯和聚丙烯中的至少一种树脂。
2.如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池模块,其特征在于:
所述透明树脂层的MFR比所述着色树脂层的MFR小0.7g/10分钟以上。
3.如权利要求1所述的太阳能电池模块,其特征在于:
所述透明树脂层的MFR比所述着色树脂层的MFR小1.0g/10分钟以上。
4.一种太阳能电池模块的制造方法,其特征在于:
形成依次层叠有透明基板、透明树脂板、太阳能电池单元、着色树脂板和背板的层叠体,所述太阳能电池单元的受光面朝向所述透明树脂板侧,所述太阳能电池单元的背面朝向所述着色树脂板侧,
所述透明树脂板具有比所述着色树脂板高的粘度,
在对所述层叠体进行加热的同时进行层压,
所述透明树脂层包含选自乙烯性不饱和硅烷化合物、乙烯性不饱和硅烷化合物与α-烯烃的共聚物和硅烷改性树脂中的至少一种树脂,
所述着色树脂层包含选自乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、硅树脂、环氧树脂、聚乙烯醇缩丁醛、乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物、丙烯酸树脂、聚乙烯和聚丙烯中的至少一种树脂。
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