CN103288509A - Agaricus bisporus compost and stacking fermentation method - Google Patents
Agaricus bisporus compost and stacking fermentation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to agaricus bisporus compost and a stacking fermentation method. The compost is composed of pleurotus eryngii mushroom residues, chicken manure, straws, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, lime and gypsum, wherein the percentages by weight of the pleurotus eryngii mushroom residues, the chicken manure and the straws in the compost are as follows: 48-52% of pleurotus eryngii mushroom residues, 31-35% of chicken manure and 15-19% of straws, the total dosage of the pleurotus eryngii mushroom residues, the chicken manure and the straws serves as datum quantity, the calcium superphosphate accounts for 1.5% of the datum quantity, the potassium chloride accounts for 0.25% of the datum quantity, the lime accounts for 2% of the datum quantity and the gypsum accounts for 2% of the datum quantity, and all raw materials are performed with active ventilation, oxygen supply and stacking fermentation through a centrifugal fan and a PVC (polyvinyl chloride) tube to prepare the compost. The stacking fermentation method disclosed by the invention is beneficial to mechanical operation of the agaricus bisporus compost. Active ventilation, oxygen supply and stacking fermentation technology is adopted in the invention to save a large amount of labor in the stacking fermentation process of the compost and solve the defect of needing a large amount of labor in the current fermentation technology so as to quickly prepare high-quality compost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the arviculture field, be specifically related to a kind of material culture of agaricus bisporus based on Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag and the fermentation process of banking up.
Background technology
Twospore Mushroom is as a kind of edible mushrooms, and protein content is 35%-38%, contains 6 necessary seed amino acids of human body, also contains abundant VITMAIN B1, Wei ShengsuB2, and vitamin PP, the nuclear dry acid, nicotinic acid, xitix and vitamins D etc., nutritive value is very abundant.The lentinan that Twospore Mushroom contains and M-band have certain antitumour activity, can suppress the generation of tumour; Its tyrosine oxidase that contains can dissolve certain cholesterol, to certain effect that brought high blood pressure down; Its trypsinase that contains, barley-sugar enzyme etc. all help the digestion of food.Therefore, Twospore Mushroom is not only a kind of delicious flavour, the mushroom class vegetables that nutrition is complete, and be heath food with health role.
Traditional material culture of agaricus bisporus fermentation technique needs lot of manpower and material resources, mainly is because adopt the content height of straw, wheat straw in the two-part fermenting process, has increased the difficulty of turning, is unfavorable for mechanized operation.
Contain crude protein, xylogen, robust fibre and the calcium constituent of high level in the Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag, carbon-nitrogen ratio is between 47:1 to 50:1.Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag is through after drying, and its particle proterties is comparatively soft, uniform particles, and water-absorbent is moderate, can assurance and straw, possess air permeability and good when chicken manure ferments, and be convenient to power operation.By initiatively adding the muck increase wherein behind the nitrogen content at planting almond abalone mushroom bacterium slag, just can obtain to satisfy carbon source required in the Twospore Mushroom growth and development process, nitrogenous source, create suitable carbon-nitrogen ratio, suitable to the cultivation material of producing Twospore Mushroom.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of material culture of agaricus bisporus based on Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag and the fermentation process of banking up, overcome in problems such as the environmental pollution of handling the existence of planting almond abalone mushroom bacterium slag and the wastings of resources, be convenient to the mechanized operation of material culture of agaricus bisporus.The invention provides the initiatively ventilation oxygen-supplying fermentation technique of banking up of a kind of employing simultaneously, can save a large amount of labours during fermentation carrying out banking up of culture material, solve and have the shortcoming that fermentation technique need a large amount of labor forces now, to realize obtaining fast the culture material of high-quality.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is:
A kind of material culture of agaricus bisporus, it is characterized in that: culture material is by Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag, chicken manure, straw, calcium superphosphate, Repone K, lime, gypsum is formed, Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag in the culture material, chicken manure, each composition of straw by weight percentage, Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag 48-52%, chicken manure 31-35%, straw 15-19%, with Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag, chicken manure, the straw total amount is datum quantity, calcium superphosphate is 1.5% of datum quantity, Repone K is 0.25% of datum quantity, lime is that 2% and gypsum of datum quantity is 2% of datum quantity, adopts centrifugal blower and pvc pipe that all raw materials active ventilation oxygen-supplyings are banked up to ferment and forms.
The whole carbon-nitrogen ratio of culture material is between 30:1~33:1.
The material culture of agaricus bisporus fermentation process of banking up is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag and the straw of prewetting fully mixed, banked up 40-48 hour;
(2) one group of PVC ventpipe is positioned over the central authorities on windrow base, the compound of first layer overlay Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag and straw is spread chicken manure more in the above, and alternately stone is built heap; Every layer of compound and chicken manure all want loose moderate, and it is thick to remain on 15cm, and whole stockpile is 12 layers-13 layers of windrows altogether; The watering of windrow limit, limit guarantees that stockpile fully absorbs water, and is sprinkled upon the stockpile top after excessive moisture is reclaimed; Whole stockpile proterties is the freight container shape, top curvature of the spinal column dress;
(3) build heap and finish after, four temperature senses probe is placed on four fermentation zones of stockpile respectively, outside four fermentation zones are respectively anaerobic zone, fermentation zone, actinomycetes behaviour area, cooling zone successively from the stockpile center;
(4) according to the leavening temperature of the different zones of temperature sense probe monitoring, guarantee to build the 2-3 days anaerobic zone temperature in heap back at 35-40 ℃, the fermentation zone temperature is at 65-70 ℃, and actinomycetes behaviour area temperature is at 55-65 ℃, and the outermost cooling zone of stockpile temperature is at 30-40 ℃; If the temperature of fermentation zone and actinomycetes behaviour area is lower than the said temperature scope, should opens centrifugal blower and send oxygen by the ventilation of PVC ventpipe; After temperature progressively tends towards stability in raw material, every 3 hours, starting fan 5 minutes; The water content of raw material is lower than at 65% o'clock simultaneously, should add moisture;
(5) at 3-5 days that build heap, should guarantee raw material pH value between 7-8.5, during fermentation, be lower than 7 usefulness liming as the pH value and adjust, be higher than 8.5 usefulness calcium superphosphate water and adjust;
Turning for the first time: build behind the heap the 5th day and carry out the turning first time; The purpose of turning is fully to mix the raw material of the different degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and gets rid of ammonia; Method is: will about, inside and outside raw material transposition, shake up, tremble diffusingly, evenly mix and stir, and be transferred on nearby another group PVC ventpipe; Spread earlier the thick raw material of 30cm on the ground, half amount, total amount calcium superphosphate, the total amount Repone K of gypsum total amount in the prescription are mixed, be divided into ten equal portions, get a evenly being sprinkled on the former charge level of paving, repave the raw material of 15cm, successively raw material is piled up 10 layers and sprinkle calcium superphosphate, Repone K and gypsum mixture equably at every interlayer; Also should detect fermentation material water content during turning, moisture content can be advisable by following 6-7 Rhizome of Cordate Pinellia to hold tight raw material, otherwise moisturizing; After turning for the first time finishes, according to every 3 hours, the mode of ventilating 5 minutes, the oxygen supply that the increase stockpile of discontinuity is interior;
Turning for the second time: carried out the turning second time on the 4th day after the turning for the first time, raw material is moved on one group of PVC ventpipe nearby; Except the material difference of adding, other step is the same with the turning first time, the material of interpolation: 50% of the lime total amount and 25% the mix gypsum total amount in will filling a prescription, be divided into ten equal portions, and when turning, successively add;
Turning for the third time: carried out for the second time last turning after the turning on the 3rd day, raw material is moved on one group of PVC ventpipe nearby, identical with turning second time step, this turning is mainly observed actinomycetes and whether has been spread all over whole stockpile, if still skewness needs to continue aerobic fermentation two days after this turning; This turning also will be observed moisture content and pH value, moisture content can be advisable by following 4-5 Rhizome of Cordate Pinellia to hold tight raw material, the pH value is advisable with 7.5-8, moisture content and potential of hydrogen do not reach the liming that standard should extract in the Calcified pond and adjust, take the method for turning limit, limit water spray to carry out, till mending making the grade; After the fermentation ends, obtain the culture material of Twospore Mushroom.
The standard of described fermentation ends: 1. straw and Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag bacterium are all moistening glossy, are dun, hold flexible; 2. fermentation material has stickiness, hold have particulate matter adhere to on hand; 3. multidraw in whole fermentation stockpile a little after the drying, is all seen the actinomycetes hickie with culture material; 4. water content is 70%, and nitrogen content is 1.5%-1.8%.
Culture material of the present invention is main raw material with Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag and chicken manure, adopts initiatively the ventilation oxygen-supplying fermentation technique of banking up, and is convenient to build technologies such as heap, fermentation, turning and stone and realizes the power operation process.The present invention adopts centrifugal blower and pvc pipe to realize ventilating, and temperature sense equipment is installed simultaneously, with monitoring fermentation material temperature inside.By aeration type fermentation and repeatedly turning, realize the production of material culture of agaricus bisporus at last.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is schema of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples the present invention is further described.Table 1 is each raw material consumption of each embodiment.
Table 1 units
Embodiment 1 | Embodiment 2 | Embodiment 3 | Embodiment 4 | |
Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag | 600 | 576 | 624 | 600 |
Chicken manure | 400 | 420 | 396 | 372 |
Straw | 200 | 204 | 180 | 228 |
Calcium superphosphate | 18 | 18 | 18 | 18 |
Repone K | 3 | 3 | 3 | 3 |
Lime | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
Gypsum | 24 | 24 | 24 | 24 |
Each embodiment handles following steps:
1. pre-treatment of raw material
Carry out different pre-treatment at different starting material:
Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag: adopt the fresh bacterium slag that nothing is gone mouldy, anacidity is smelly, the oven dry back is standby; Fully prewet before building heap.
Chicken manure: adopt the fermentation of EM bacterium until odorless, soft, viscosity is lower.
Straw: every batch fermentation material adopts semilate rice or the late rice in same season, adopts cal rolling broken, stores for future use after drying.A few days ago prewet building heap, its water content reaches 70%.
2. build ground, stockyard
Construction is built ground, stockyard and is required: build the long 1m in heap back according to 1 ton of compost and calculate the length in used place.Around building ground, stockyard, offer discharge conduit, collect the excessive moisture of building in the heap and carry out recycle.Before and after stockpile, stop enough places for the running of stirring equipment.Add a cover open rain shade on the place, awning is built area than long 10m around the maximum windrow area.Build and reserve half buried underground pipeline in the ground, stockyard.Internal diameter 12cm, the embedding PVC ventpipe of semicircle pipeline groove of the dark 7.5cm of radius vertically runs through the whole ground, stockyard of building.Every heap windrow uses one group of (two) pipe-line tank, spacing 0.5m.Every group of pipe-line tank spacing 4m.2~3 groups of pipe-line tanks are offered on the whole ground, stockyard of building at least.
3. installation aeration equipment
Ventilation oxygen-supplying equipment is installed: the pipe-line tank on ground is partly imbedded pvc pipe on ground in the middle of stockpile, the pvc pipe mouth docks with the centrifugal blower of 1.5~2kw power, about pvc pipe top, the inside 50cm of stockpile end, locate to begin to beat the hole of diameter 1~2cm, to increasing far gradually, far-end is to locate the shutoff air flue from about heap end 50cm by near in the aperture;
The installation of fermentation material temperature sense equipment: be monitoring fermentation material temperature inside, anaerobic zone, the suitableeest fermentation zone, actinomycetes behaviour area and cooling zone in the fermentation material are selected two points respectively, the laying temperature inductive probe.Monitor the temperature variation in different fermentations zone in real time by temperature sense probe.
4. build heap
It is wide for 1.5m to build the heap size, the 1.8m height, and length is 15m at least.Culture material evenly is stacked on the dump ground, guarantees that one group of PVC ventpipe is positioned at the central authorities on windrow base.Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag and the straw of prewetting are fully mixed, banked up 2 days.The compound of shop Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag and straw is spread chicken manure more thereon earlier, and alternately stone is built heap.Every layer of compound and chicken manure all want loose moderate, and it is thick to remain on 15cm, and whole stockpile is 12 layers-13 layers of windrows altogether.The watering of windrow limit, limit guarantees that stockpile fully absorbs water, and is sprinkled upon the stockpile top after excessive moisture is reclaimed.Whole stockpile proterties is the freight container shape, top curvature of the spinal column dress.
After building heap and finishing, the laying temperature inductive probe is placed on four of stockpile fermentation zones, and outside four fermentation zones are respectively anaerobic zone, fermentation zone, actinomycetes behaviour area, cooling zone successively from the stockpile center.
5. aeration type fermentation and turning
This project has reduced the scope of anaerobic fermentation zone greatly by increasing the air flow in the stockpile, has guaranteed the oxygen supply of microorganism in the stockpile, has strengthened the scope of aerobic zone, has reduced the temperature difference in different fermentations zone in the stockpile.Hold the honest material temperature and can greatly promote the beneficial microorganism breeding, beneficial microorganism (comprising thermophilic bacteria and actinomycetes) degradable Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag, straw and chicken manure, making nutritive substance dissociate out becomes the form that mushroom absorbs.In addition, the high temperature that produces through microbial activities can endanger harmful organisms such as nematode, fly maggot and mould spores.So the ferment effect of aeration type fermentation technique obviously is better than traditional Secondary Fermentation technology.
Built heap back 1 day, core temperature can rise to more than 60 ℃ in the material.Leavening temperature according to the different zones of temperature sense probe monitoring guarantees to build the 2-3 days anaerobic zone temperature in heap back at 35-40 ℃, and the suitableeest fermentation zone temperature is at 65-70 ℃, and actinomycetes behaviour area temperature is at 55-65 ℃, and the outermost cooling zone of stockpile temperature is at 30-40 ℃.If the temperature of the suitableeest fermentation zone and actinomycetes behaviour area is lower than the said temperature scope, should opens centrifugal blower and send oxygen by the ventilation of PVC ventpipe.After temperature progressively tends towards stability in material, every 3 hours, starting fan 5 minutes.
Because ventilation increases, moisture loss speed increases, and the water content that should note observing raw material this moment is lower than at 65% o'clock, should add moisture.
Build the heap back the 3rd day, and detected the pH value of different zones in the material.The pH value can progressively reduce with the decomposition of the breeding of microorganism, raw material, therefore will add gypsum and lime in follow-up turning process.At 3-5 days that build heap, should guarantee that the pH value is between 7-8.5.During fermentation, be lower than 7 usefulness liming as the pH value and adjust, be higher than 8.5 usefulness calcium superphosphate water and adjust.
Whole fermentation process is total to turning three times, as shown in Figure 1:
Turning for the first time: build behind the heap the 5th day and carry out the turning first time.The purpose of turning is fully to mix the raw material of the different degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and gets rid of ammonia.Method is: will about, inside and outside raw material transposition, shake up, tremble diffusingly, evenly mix and stir, and be transferred on nearby another group PVC ventpipe.Spread earlier the thick raw material of 30cm on the ground, half amount, total amount calcium superphosphate, the total amount Repone K of gypsum total amount in the prescription are mixed, be divided into ten equal portions, get a evenly being sprinkled on the former charge level of paving, repave the material of 15cm, successively raw material is piled up 10 layers and sprinkle calcium superphosphate, Repone K and gypsum equably at every interlayer.Turning requires to pile equally with building, and the height and the width of heap can not change, and the length of heap can shorten one meter.Also should detect fermentation material water content during turning, holding the fermentation material has following of 6-7 Rhizome of Cordate Pinellia to be advisable, if do not reach the moisturizing successively of should drawing water when containing the water quality standard turning from Calcified pond.After turning for the first time finished, according to every 3 hours, the oxygen supply in the mode of ventilating 5 minutes, the increase stockpile of discontinuity guaranteed the breeding of thermoactinomyces, reduces the temperature difference in the raw material, guarantees to build the raw material that does not become thoroughly decomposed when piling and is fully fermented.
Turning for the second time: carried out the turning second time on the 4th day after the turning for the first time, raw material is moved on one group of PVC ventpipe nearby.Except the material difference of adding, other step is the same with the turning first time, the material of interpolation: 50% of the lime total amount and 25% the mix gypsum total amount in will filling a prescription successively add when turning.Guarantee that still height, width after the turning remain unchanged, length can shorten.During turning, check the water content of every layered material, hold and see that tightly webs have following of 5-6 Rhizome of Cordate Pinellia to be advisable that moisture should successively spray a small amount of liming at least, can only spray and can not water, in case moisture content is overweight.
Turning for the third time: carried out for the second time last turning after the turning on the 3rd day, raw material is moved on one group of PVC ventpipe nearby, identical with turning second time step, this turning is mainly observed actinomycetes and whether has been spread all over whole stockpile, if still skewness needs to continue aerobic fermentation two days after this turning.This turning also will be observed moisture content and pH value, moisture content can be advisable by following 4-5 Rhizome of Cordate Pinellia to hold tight raw material, the pH value is advisable with 7.5-8, moisture content and potential of hydrogen do not reach the liming that standard should extract in the Calcified pond and adjust, take the method for turning limit, limit water spray to carry out, till mending making the grade.
Standard during fermentation ends: 1. straw and Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag bacterium are all moistening glossy, are dun, hold flexible; 2. fermentation material has stickiness, hold have particulate matter adhere to on hand; 3. multidraw in whole fermentation stockpile will expect that grass a little after the drying, all sees the actinomycetes hickie; 4. water content is about 70%, and nitrogen content is 1.5%-1.8%;
After the fermentation ends, can obtain the culture material of Twospore Mushroom.
Claims (4)
1. material culture of agaricus bisporus, it is characterized in that: culture material is by Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag, chicken manure, straw, calcium superphosphate, Repone K, lime, gypsum is formed, Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag in the culture material, chicken manure, each composition of straw by weight percentage, Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag 48-52%, chicken manure 31-35%, straw 15-19%, with Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag, chicken manure, the straw total amount is datum quantity, calcium superphosphate is 1.5% of datum quantity, Repone K is 0.25% of datum quantity, lime is that 2% and gypsum of datum quantity is 2% of datum quantity, adopts centrifugal blower and pvc pipe that all raw materials active ventilation oxygen-supplyings are banked up to ferment and forms.
2. material culture of agaricus bisporus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the whole carbon-nitrogen ratio of culture material is between 30:1~33:1.
3. the material culture of agaricus bisporus according to claim 1 and 2 fermentation process of banking up is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
(1) Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag and the straw of prewetting fully mixed, banked up 40-48 hour;
(2) one group of PVC ventpipe is positioned over the central authorities on windrow base, the compound of first layer overlay Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag and straw is spread chicken manure more in the above, and alternately stone is built heap; Every layer of compound and chicken manure all want loose moderate, and it is thick to remain on 15cm, and whole stockpile is 12 layers-13 layers of windrows altogether; The watering of windrow limit, limit guarantees that stockpile fully absorbs water, and is sprinkled upon the stockpile top after excessive moisture is reclaimed; Whole stockpile proterties is the freight container shape, top curvature of the spinal column dress;
(3) build heap and finish after, four temperature senses probe is placed on four fermentation zones of stockpile respectively, outside four fermentation zones are respectively anaerobic zone, fermentation zone, actinomycetes behaviour area, cooling zone successively from the stockpile center;
(4) according to the leavening temperature of the different zones of temperature sense probe monitoring, guarantee to build the 2-3 days anaerobic zone temperature in heap back at 35-40 ℃, the fermentation zone temperature is at 65-70 ℃, and actinomycetes behaviour area temperature is at 55-65 ℃, and the outermost cooling zone of stockpile temperature is at 30-40 ℃; If the temperature of fermentation zone and actinomycetes behaviour area is lower than the said temperature scope, should opens centrifugal blower and send oxygen by the ventilation of PVC ventpipe; After temperature progressively tends towards stability in raw material, every 3 hours, starting fan 5 minutes; The water content of raw material is lower than at 65% o'clock simultaneously, should add moisture;
(5) at 3-5 days that build heap, should guarantee raw material pH value between 7-8.5, during fermentation, be lower than 7 usefulness liming as the pH value and adjust, be higher than 8.5 usefulness calcium superphosphate water and adjust;
Turning for the first time: build behind the heap the 5th day and carry out the turning first time; The purpose of turning is fully to mix the raw material of the different degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and gets rid of ammonia; Method is: will about, inside and outside raw material transposition, shake up, tremble diffusingly, evenly mix and stir, and be transferred on nearby another group PVC ventpipe; Spread earlier the thick raw material of 30cm on the ground, half amount, total amount calcium superphosphate, the total amount Repone K of gypsum total amount in the prescription are mixed, be divided into ten equal portions, get a evenly being sprinkled on the former charge level of paving, repave the raw material of 15cm, successively raw material is piled up 10 layers and sprinkle calcium superphosphate, Repone K and gypsum mixture equably at every interlayer; Also should detect fermentation material water content during turning, moisture content can be advisable by following 6-7 Rhizome of Cordate Pinellia to hold tight raw material, otherwise moisturizing; After turning for the first time finishes, according to every 3 hours, the mode of ventilating 5 minutes, the oxygen supply that the increase stockpile of discontinuity is interior;
Turning for the second time: carried out the turning second time on the 4th day after the turning for the first time, raw material is moved on one group of PVC ventpipe nearby; Except the material difference of adding, other step is the same with the turning first time, the material of interpolation: 50% of the lime total amount and 25% the mix gypsum total amount in will filling a prescription, be divided into ten equal portions, and when turning, successively add;
Turning for the third time: carried out for the second time last turning after the turning on the 3rd day, raw material is moved on one group of PVC ventpipe nearby, identical with turning second time step, this turning is mainly observed actinomycetes and whether has been spread all over whole stockpile, if still skewness needs to continue aerobic fermentation two days after this turning; This turning also will be observed moisture content and pH value, moisture content can be advisable by following 4-5 Rhizome of Cordate Pinellia to hold tight raw material, the pH value is advisable with 7.5-8, moisture content and potential of hydrogen do not reach the liming that standard should extract in the Calcified pond and adjust, take the method for turning limit, limit water spray to carry out, till mending making the grade; After the fermentation ends, obtain the culture material of Twospore Mushroom.
4. according to the described material culture of agaricus bisporus of claim 1 fermentation process of banking up, it is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps: the standard of described fermentation ends: 1. straw and Pleurotus eryngii bacterium slag bacterium are all moistening glossy, are dun, hold flexible; 2. fermentation material has stickiness, hold have particulate matter adhere to on hand; 3. multidraw in whole fermentation stockpile a little after the drying, is all seen the actinomycetes hickie with culture material; 4. water content is 70%, and nitrogen content is 1.5%-1.8%.
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CN108184545A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-06-22 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of Resistant White mushroom culture material and preparation method thereof and application |
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