A kind of special conditioner for facilities soil secondary salinization and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to the soil improvement technical field, be specifically related to a kind of facility soil secondary salinization modifying agent that causes because of artificial action and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with the development of facility cultivation, the utilization of protection ground soil has become the important component part of China's agricultural development.The mode of production that this land consolidation utilizes has not only been enriched China people's vegetable basket, and has become mainstay industry in many areas, has greatly increased peasant's income.
Facility cultivation is the ferocious Land-Use of a kind of artificial action, is characterized in adopting the artificial measures to change local ecotope, takes full advantage of luminous energy and heat energy, builds an environment that is suitable for plant growth.Facility cultivation is at the year-round supply of realizing vegetables, interracial balanced listing important role, but because its specific envrionment conditions, planting type and partially execute the heavy dressing chemical fertilizer, cause soil quality to worsen, Soil-sickness Problem is day by day serious, has seriously restricted the Sustainable development that vegetables produce.Especially the soil salt accumulation phenomenon is obvious, and soil secondary salinization has become the main limiting factor that facilities vegetable is produced.
The excessive input of chemical fertilizer is to cause the principal element of soil secondary salinization.The child is promising and Chen Danfei (1991) reports the Them In Vegetable-growing Region of Shanghai glasshouse and the interior upper soll layer salification of plastic greenhouse is all more serious, and total salt content is respectively 11.8 times and 4.0 times of open country.The survey showed that for Xiang Yuying etc. (2006), and Taizhou District of Zhejiang Province open country soil salt content is 0.06%~0.09%, and 1~2 year average saltiness of plastic shed soil of the facility cultivation time limit is 0.24%; The average saltiness of plastic shed soil was 0.45% in 3~4 years; The average saltiness of plastic shed soil is 0.51% more than 7 years, and the booth continuous cropping just obviously shows soil secondary salinization more than 3 years.Yu Haiying etc. (2005) studies show that to Shouguang, Shandong facility soil salt facility soil plough horizon salt content is 2.69gKg
-1, and corresponding open country only is 0.61gKg
-1, NO
3-A large amount of accumulation and badly influenced local groundwater quality to lower floor migration.The facility soil salinization has popularity, ubiquity, and generation is arranged all over the world, becomes a global technical barrier.
Chinese medicine slag is the waste behind pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine's extracting effective components, and N content is 0.964% after measured, available phosphorus (P
2O
5) be 0.492%, effective potassium (K
2O) be 0.658%, raw material is extensive.Along with countries in the world to the concern of the traditional Chinese medical science and affirming the unique curative effect of Chinese materia medica, the Chinese medicinal material industry development is very fast, the planting scale of herbal medicine and the industrial scale of the pharmaceutical factory of traditional Chinese medicine also increase thereupon, meanwhile, the discarded amount of the Chinese medicine slag of each large Chinese medicine pharmaceutical factory of the whole nation increases day by day, and the annual emissions of national Chinese medicine slag reaches more than 3,000 ten thousand tons.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be directed to the situation that facility cultivation soil constantly worsens, provide a kind of and improve soil organic matter content, improve soil aggregate, increase soil permeability, suppress the facility soil secondary salinization modifying agent that salinity rises, for vegetables provide a good rhizosphere growing environment, support facility cultivation sustainable development.
Technical scheme of the present invention is discarded Chinese medicine slag 40~60 weight parts, feces of livestock and poultry 20~30 weight parts, slag 10~20 weight parts, full nutrition element 0.2~0.5 weight part, complex ferment microbial inoculum 0.01~0.05 weight part and mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum; Described complex ferment microbial inoculum comprises yeast, actinomycetes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria, and described mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is the mix bacterium agent of Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum.
According to facility soil secondary salinization modifying agent of the present invention, in a preferred embodiment, described full nutrition element comprises: saltpetre 40~50 weight parts, sal epsom 30~40 weight parts, potassium primary phosphate 10~15 weight parts, manganous sulfate 0.13~0.15 weight part, boric acid 0.14~0.16 weight part, zinc sulfate 0.013~0.015 weight part, copper sulfate 0.013~0.015 weight part, Sodium orthomolybdate 0.01~0.015 weight part and Sytron 1~1.2 weight part.The full nutrition element is mainly crop full nutrition is provided, and prevents the generation of vegetable crop nutritional deficiency disease.
According to facility soil secondary salinization modifying agent of the present invention, be preferably, described yeast is selected from sporotrichum thermophile (Sporotricchum thermophile), described actinomycetes are selected from Jingyang streptomycete (Streptomyces jingyanggesis), described phosphate solubilizing bacteria is selected from bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), and described potassium solubilizing bacteria is selected from colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillus mucilaginosus); The mass ratio of yeast, actinomycetes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria is (40~60) in the described complex ferment microbial inoculum: (20~30): (10~20): (3~10).
。The purpose that adds microbial inoculum is to accelerate fermenting speed, shortens fermentation time, improves the raw material degree of becoming thoroughly decomposed, and allows simultaneously the phosphorus of bound state and potassium fully discharge for the plant absorbing utilization.
According to facility soil secondary salinization modifying agent of the present invention, be preferably, the weight ratio of described mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum and other raw materials is (5-10): 100; Described mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is the mix bacterium agent of Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum.The mass ratio that described mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum mix is (1~4): (2~6)
Mycorhiza is root system of plant and the formed reciprocal symbiosis body of fungi in the nature soil.Mycorrhizal fungi one end extend in the root system of plant, and the other end extend in the soil.Widely distributed at occurring in nature.The symbiosis fungi mainly obtains nutritive substance from host plant, and host plant also can obtain inorganic nutrients and moisture there from the symbiosis fungi.The effect that adds mycorrhizal fungi mainly is to enlarge root absorbing area, increases the outer element absorption ability of primitive root hair absorption region.Simultaneously, mycorrhizal fungi also has the ability of synthesis of biologically active material, improves the anti-adversity ability of plant.Above-mentioned Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum are from the branch endophyte.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of this facility soil secondary salinization soil improvement agent, and the method is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) will discard Chinese medicine slag 40~60 weight parts, feces of livestock and poultry 20~30 weight parts, slag 10~20 weight parts, full nutrition element 0.2~0.5 weight part, complex ferment microbial inoculum 0.01~0.05 weight part and water mix, the fermentation of banking up;
(2) (5-10) pressed in the mycorrhizal fungi agent: 100 mass ratio adds in the above-mentioned tunning, mixes, and natural air drying gets final product.
The using method of facility soil secondary salinization modifying agent is to use before ploughing as base manure, evenly spreads on the ground 1000~1500 kilograms every mu of consumptions.
Feces of livestock and poultry is the waste of plant, contains a large amount of nitrogen, phosphoric, can be chicken manure, cow dung, pig manure etc., according to local circumstances, selects different raw materials; Slag unit weight is little, and ventilation property is strong, contains abundant mineral element, mainly improves the gas permeability of soil.
The purpose that adds moisture in the fermenting process is to guarantee normally carrying out of fermenting process.On the basis of determining prescription, raw material is mixed, add the water that accounts for raw material total mass 50%~60%, build up trapezoidal heap fermentation, trapezoidal heap is gone to the bottom and is grown 4~6m, wide 2~3m, long 2.5~the 3.5m of upper base, wide 1~1.5m, high 1.5~2.5m, fermentation time 25~40d, during carry out stirring 2~3 times.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, compare with existing soil improvement agent, the present invention is specially for NO in the facility soil secondary salinization
3 -And Ca
2+The characteristics of too high levels and the soil improvement agent developed is with strong points.
2, the present invention is take discarded Chinese medicine slag as main, add full nutrition element and fermenting agent, improved soil organic matter content, in and facility soil in salinity, add the mycorrhizal fungi agent after the fermentation, apply the soil after, the absorption that has greatly improved the Plant To Nutrient element, regulate ionic equilibrium in the plant body, solved to a certain extent facility soil secondary salinization problem.
3, the present invention can improve soil organic matter content, improve soil aggregate, increase soil permeability, suppress salinity and rise, a kind of solution of facility soil secondary salinization not only is provided, ensured the facility cultivation Sustainable development, simultaneously, utilize Chinese medicine slag to produce soil improvement agent and not only can improve soil, also solid waste can be recycled, alleviate environmental stress and Chinese medicine manufacturing enterprise pollution treatment burden.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Feed composition is: discarded Chinese medicine slag 60 weight parts, feces of livestock and poultry 20 weight parts, slag 20 weight parts, full nutrition element 0.4 weight part, complex ferment microbial inoculum 0.02 weight part.
After above-mentioned raw materials mixed, add water by 55% of its total mass, build trapezoidal heap fermentation.Fermentation 30d carries out stirring 3 times, and for the first time stirring was built heap after 20 days, and stirring is apart from the stirring 5 days first time for the second time, and stirring is apart from the stirring 10 days first time for the third time.
In above-mentioned raw materials, described complex ferment microbial inoculum comprises yeast, actinomycetes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria, yeast is sporotrichum thermophile (Sporotricchum thermophile) in the complex ferment microbial inoculum, actinomycetes are Jingyang streptomycete (Streptomyces jingyanggesis), phosphate solubilizing bacteria is bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), and potassium solubilizing bacteria is colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillus mucilaginosus); Its blending ratio is 40: 20: 10: 5; Consisting of of above-mentioned full nutrition element: saltpetre 40 weight parts, sal epsom 35 weight parts, potassium primary phosphate 10 weight parts, manganous sulfate 0.13 weight part, boric acid 0.14 weight part, zinc sulfate 0.013 weight part, copper sulfate 0.013 weight part, Sodium orthomolybdate 0.01 weight part and 1 weight part of Sytron.
After the fermentation ends, the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum that adds above-mentioned fermentation material total mass 5%, described mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is by mixing by 1: 1 mass ratio from branch endophyte Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum, fermentation material and mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum are mixed, dry and namely get the soil improvement agent finished product.
Evenly spread on the ground by every mu of 1000kg, then plowed soils gets final product.
Embodiment 2
Feed composition is: discarded Chinese medicine slag 55 weight parts, feces of livestock and poultry 25 weight parts, slag 20 weight parts, full nutrition element 0.2 weight part, complex ferment microbial inoculum 0.01 weight part, yeast is sporotrichum thermophile (Sporotricchum thermophile) in the complex ferment microbial inoculum, actinomycetes are Jingyang streptomycete (Streptomyces jingyanggesis), phosphate solubilizing bacteria is bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), and potassium solubilizing bacteria is colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillus mucilaginosus); Its blending ratio is 45: 20: 15: 8.
After above-mentioned raw materials mixed, add water by 55% of its total mass, build trapezoidal heap fermentation.Fermentation 40d carries out stirring 2 times, and for the first time stirring was built heap after 30 days, and stirring is apart from the stirring 10 days first time for the second time.
After the fermentation ends, the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum that adds fermentation material total mass 8%, the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum mixes raw material by mixing by 1: 2 mass ratio from branch endophyte Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum, both dries to get the modifying agent finished product.
Evenly spread on the ground by every mu of 1200kg, then plowed soils gets final product.All the other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 3
Feed composition is: discarded Chinese medicine slag 60 weight parts, feces of livestock and poultry 25 weight parts, slag 15 weight parts, full nutrition element 0.3 weight part, complex ferment microbial inoculum 0.02 weight part, yeast is sporotrichum thermophile (Sporotricchum thermophile) in the complex ferment microbial inoculum, actinomycetes are Jingyang streptomycete (Streptomyces jingyanggesis), phosphate solubilizing bacteria is bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), and potassium solubilizing bacteria is colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillus mucilaginosus); Its blending ratio is 50: 25: 15: 10; Consisting of of above-mentioned full nutrition element: saltpetre 50 weight parts, sal epsom 40 weight parts, potassium primary phosphate 15 weight parts, manganous sulfate 0.15 weight part, boric acid 0.16 weight part, zinc sulfate 0.014 weight part, copper sulfate 0.014 weight part, Sodium orthomolybdate 0.012 weight part and 1.2 weight parts of Sytron.The mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is by mixing by 2: 1 mass ratio from branch endophyte Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum.
All the other are with embodiment 1.
Embodiment 4
Feed composition is: discarded Chinese medicine slag 40 weight parts, feces of livestock and poultry 30 weight parts, slag 10 weight parts, full nutrition element 0.5 weight part, complex ferment microbial inoculum 0.04 weight part.
After above-mentioned raw materials mixed, add water by 60% of its total mass, build trapezoidal heap fermentation.Fermentation 35d carries out stirring 3 times, and for the first time stirring was built heap after 20 days, and stirring is apart from the stirring 5 days first time for the second time, and stirring is apart from the stirring 10 days second time for the third time.
In above-mentioned raw materials, described complex ferment microbial inoculum comprises yeast, actinomycetes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria, yeast is sporotrichum thermophile (Sporotricchum thermophile) in the complex ferment microbial inoculum, actinomycetes are Jingyang streptomycete (Streptomyces jingyanggesis), phosphate solubilizing bacteria is bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), and potassium solubilizing bacteria is colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillus mucilaginosus); Its blending ratio is 60: 25: 12: 5; Consisting of of above-mentioned full nutrition element: saltpetre 45 weight parts, sal epsom 30 weight parts, potassium primary phosphate 12 weight parts, manganous sulfate 0.14 weight part, boric acid 0.15 weight part, zinc sulfate 0.015 weight part, copper sulfate 0.015 weight part, Sodium orthomolybdate 0.015 weight part and 1.1 weight parts of Sytron.
After the fermentation ends, the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum that adds above-mentioned fermentation material total mass 10%, described mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is by mixing by 2: 3 mass ratio from branch endophyte Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum, fermentation material and mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum are mixed, dry and namely get the soil improvement agent finished product.
Evenly spread on the ground by every mu of 1000kg, then plowed soils gets final product.
Embodiment 5
Feed composition is: discarded Chinese medicine slag 45 weight parts, feces of livestock and poultry 28 weight parts, slag 17 weight parts, full nutrition element 0.5 weight part, complex ferment microbial inoculum 0.05 weight part, yeast is sporotrichum thermophile (Sporotricchum thermophile) in the complex ferment microbial inoculum, actinomycetes are Jingyang streptomycete (Streptomyces jingyanggesis), phosphate solubilizing bacteria is bacillus megaterium (Bacillus megaterium), and potassium solubilizing bacteria is colloid bacillus cereus (Bacillus mucilaginosus); Its blending ratio is 55: 20: 18: 9.After above-mentioned raw materials mixed, add water by 60% of its total mass, build trapezoidal heap fermentation.Fermentation 25d carries out stirring 2 times. and after the fermentation ends, add the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum of above-mentioned fermentation material total mass 7%, the mycorrhizal fungi microbial inoculum is by mixing by 1: 2 mass ratio from branch endophyte Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum.All the other are with embodiment 1.
Special conditioner for facilities soil secondary salinization of the present invention can improve soil organic matter content, improve soil aggregate, increase soil permeability, suppressing salinity rises, a kind of solution of facility soil secondary salinization not only is provided, ensure the facility cultivation Sustainable development, found simultaneously the approach that utilizes of a resource utilization for discarded Chinese medicine slag.