CN103270863B - Bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method - Google Patents
Bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Provided is a bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method. Fermented bark and a mixture of humus and river sand serve as a base material, the base material is laid on a seedling cultivation vessel, 1-2 layers of gauze is laid on the base material, water is poured to soak the base material, bletilla striata seeds are sown on the gauze, a transparent plastic film is utilized to wrap the seedling cultivation vessel, and the seedling cultivation vessel is placed in an artificial intelligent cultivation box to grow seedlings and strengthen the seedlings. The bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method breaks through a traditional corm planting and cultivation mode of bletilla striata, the quality degeneration problem existing in vegetative propagation is resolved, and a new path is created for sexual propagation seedling cultivation of the bletilla striata genus of orchidaceae. The bletilla striata rapid propagation seedling cultivation method is simple in operation, low in cost and short in seedling cultivation period; the germination rate reaches up to 90%, the planting percent is 70%-80%, and good practical popularization significance is provided for large-scale propagation seedling cultivation of the bletilla striata.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal plant artificial planting technique field, be specifically related to the fast seedling raising method of orchid bletilla.
Background technology
Bletilla (Bletilla striata (Thunb.ex A.Murray) Rchb) is the orchid family bletilla platymiscium, the ground such as main product Guizhou, Sichuan, Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Zhejiang, Shaanxi.Bletilla is as China's traditional Chinese medicine, and medicinal part is underground pseudobulb, has the effect of astringing to arrest bleeding, nourishing generate fluid, myogenic pain relieving.Research in recent years result shows, in bletilla pseudobulb, the chemical composition of a large amount of water-soluble polysaccharides is glucomannans, and its physicochemical property is basic similar with gum Arabic and tragacanth, alternative they be used for food and chemical field as supensoid agent and emulsifier.In addition, show according to modern pharmacological research, bletilla polysaccharide also have reduce stimulate, protection skin, the function such as delay senility, be the higher medical material of safety.
Along with deepening continuously of research, the range of application of bletilla is also more and more extensive, and the demand in market increases year by year, adds the immoderate exhaustive exploitation of people and excavates, and has caused bletilla resource once deficient.Find by research and investigation, bletilla seed is tiny, without endosperm, only has the embryo of ateliosis and the seed coat of the unicellular formation of one deck, if under field conditions (factors) or adopt conventional breeding mode, seed cannot be sprouted at all.Existing bletilla plantation is mainly bred in plant division mode, and reproduction rate is low, reproduction speed is slow, and current output can not meet the demand in market far away.Adopt aseptic fast seedling growing technology can shorten the growth cycle of bletilla seedling, significantly improve the emergence rate of seed, but its cost of investment is high, operating process complexity.And in plant tissue culture course, in regeneration plant and offspring, may occur various variations, and this variation has generality.Because mostly these variations are some bad variations, these variations will cause larger loss and harm on producing.
Show according to the study simultaneously, the well-developed bletilla of a strain, every scape can produce 8～13 pieces of fruit pods every year, and in each fruit pod, has several thousand to several ten thousand seeds.But sprouting this undisputable fact because bletilla seed is difficult is often ignored the resource of bletilla acrial part by people.As long as so break this bottleneck of seed germination of bletilla, just can start out the Novel seedling raising mode of a cost-saving synergistic.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to overcome that traditional bletilla planting patterns reproduction rate is low, reproduction speed is slow, the high shortcoming of cost, and a kind of method of saving the bletilla fast seedling raising artificial, cost is low, efficiency is high is provided.
Solving the problems of the technologies described above adopted technical scheme is made up of following step:
1, harvesting and the preservation of bletilla fruit pod
Choose and grow full and embryo and reach 18 weeks above bletilla fruit pods age and pluck, by the bletilla of harvesting really pod pack in kraft paper bag, be placed in ventilating and cooling place and dry, put into 4 ℃ of preservations of refrigerator.
2, preparation matrix
The bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting, is that 1～5:3～8:1 mix with humus, river sand according to mass ratio by the bark fermenting, and sprays carbendazim and insecticide, is mixed with matrix.
3, planting seed and growing seedlings
Fruit pod after step 1 low temperature treatment is opened along vertical rib plane, take out the seed in fruit pod, seed is mixed and mixed thoroughly for 1:500～1000 by volume with ash, the matrix that step 2 is prepared is laid in grows seedlings on ware, the thickness of matrix is 1/3～1/2 of the ware degree of depth of growing seedlings, on matrix upper berth, 1～2 layer of gauze, waters water saturates matrix, with writing brush by the seed after mixing according to 3～5/cm
2the sowing on gauze of even density, wrap with the transparent plastic film ware of growing seedlings, be placed in 28 ℃, the artificial intelligence incubator of intensity of illumination 3000Lx, illumination 12h/12h and grow seedlings.
4, strong sprout
After growing seedlings 20～30 days, throw off the plastic film of growing seedlings on ware, each 1 time of the root-inducing powder aqueous solution that the calcium chloride water that to spray respectively weekly blue precious growth-promoting liquid, mass fraction be 1% and mass fraction are 1%, the ambient humidity of growing seedlings is 70%～80%, monthly uses insecticide desinsection 1 time.
The precious growth-promoting liquid of above-mentioned orchid is made by oneself by national engineering laboratory of Shaanxi Normal University, its compound method is: add 6-benzyl aminoadenine, methyl α-naphthyl acetate to not adding in the MS liquid nutrient medium of agar and sucrose, obtain mother liquor, in every liter of medium, add 6-benzyl aminoadenine 10.0mg, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 2.5mg, by mother liquor with distilled water by volume for 1:50 mixes, be mixed with blue precious growth-promoting liquid; Root-inducing powder is provided by Zhuhai right way Bioisystech Co., Ltd.
5, transplant
Treat that seedling grows to 2～3cm, do hardening and process and transplant.
In preparation matrix step 2 of the present invention, the bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting, is that 2:4:1 mix with humus, river sand the best according to volume ratio by bark, sprays carbendazim and insecticide, is mixed with matrix.
In strong sprout of the present invention step 4, the mode that described ambient humidity adopts Fine spray shower nozzle to water regulates.
Insecticide of the present invention is that packed eupolyphage sece steleophaga is killed only, and by Wuwei County, Anhui Province, flower fertilizer factory provides, every gram of eupolyphage sece steleophaga kill and be only watered 1L after root fill with or directly spray.
The present invention has broken through the traditional bulb of bletilla and has planted the pattern of growing seedlings, and has solved the quality deterioration problem existing in vegetative propagation, grows seedlings and has started a new way for the sexual propagation of the orchid family bletilla genus.By the use of the inventive method, the germination rate of bletilla seed is up to 90%, emerge neat, planting percent is 70%～80%, and growing-seedling period is short, simple to operate, cost is lower, again in conjunction with the huge natural quality of seed amount in bletilla fruit pod, the large-scale breeding of bletilla is grown seedlings had the practical significance in economic, production.Simultaneously because the orchid family seed germination approach is basically identical, thereby the inventive method has certain versatility for the cultivation of orchid seedling, can be used for the large area scale breeding of orchid.We have adopted the inventive method orchid bletilla, dendrobium candidum to be carried out to the direct sowing and seedling of seed at present, all obtain satisfied effect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the impact of different seedling raising mannerses on bletilla seed germination rate under illumination condition.
Fig. 2 is the impact that under illumination condition, different seedling raising mannerses grow on the live seedling of bletilla.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in more detail, but the invention is not restricted to these embodiment.
Embodiment 1
1, harvesting and the preservation of bletilla fruit pod
Choose and grow full and embryo and reach 18 weeks above bletilla fruit pods age and pluck, by the bletilla of harvesting really pod pack in kraft paper bag, be placed in ventilating and cooling place and dry, put into 4 ℃ of preservations of refrigerator.
2, preparation matrix
The bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting, is that 2:4:1 mix with humus, river sand according to mass ratio by the bark fermenting, and sprays carbendazim and eupolyphage sece steleophaga and kills only, is mixed with matrix.
Above-mentioned insecticide is that packed eupolyphage sece steleophaga is killed only, and by Wuwei County, Anhui Province, flower fertilizer factory provides.
3, planting seed and growing seedlings
Fruit pod after step 1 low temperature treatment is opened along vertical rib plane, take out the seed in fruit pod, seed for mixing, is mixed thoroughly 1:500 by volume with ash, the matrix that step 2 is prepared is laid in grows seedlings on ware, the thickness of matrix is 1/3 of the ware degree of depth of growing seedlings, on matrix upper berth, 1 layer of gauze, waters water saturates matrix, with writing brush by the seed after mixing according to 3/cm
2the sowing on gauze of even density, wrap with the transparent plastic film ware of growing seedlings, be placed in 28 ℃, the artificial intelligence incubator of intensity of illumination 3000Lx, illumination 12h/12h and grow seedlings.
4, strong sprout
After growing seedlings 30 days, throw off the plastic film of growing seedlings on ware, each 1 time of the root-inducing powder aqueous solution that the calcium chloride water that to spray respectively weekly blue precious growth-promoting liquid, mass fraction be 1% and mass fraction are 1%, water with Fine spray shower nozzle, keeping the ambient humidity of growing seedlings is 70%, monthly kills water purification solution root with the eupolyphage sece steleophaga of 1g/L and fills with desinsection 1 time.
The precious growth-promoting liquid of above-mentioned orchid is made by oneself by national engineering laboratory of Shaanxi Normal University, its compound method is: do not add to 1L in the MS liquid nutrient medium of agar and sucrose and add 10.0mg6-benzyl aminoadenine, 2.5mg methyl α-naphthyl acetate, obtain mother liquor, every 20mL mother liquor adds 1L distilled water, is mixed with blue precious growth-promoting liquid; Root-inducing powder is provided by Zhuhai right way Bioisystech Co., Ltd; Eupolyphage sece steleophaga is killed only, and by Wuwei County, Anhui Province, flower fertilizer factory provides.
5, transplant
Treat that seedling grows to 2～3cm, do hardening and process and transplant.
Embodiment 2
1, harvesting and the preservation of bletilla fruit pod
Choose and grow full and embryo and reach 18 weeks above bletilla fruit pods age and pluck, by the bletilla of harvesting really pod pack in kraft paper bag, be placed in ventilating and cooling place and dry, put into 4 ℃ of preservations of refrigerator.
2, preparation matrix
The bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting, is that 1:3:1 mix with humus, river sand according to mass ratio by the bark fermenting, and sprays carbendazim and eupolyphage sece steleophaga and kills only, is mixed with matrix.
3, planting seed and growing seedlings
Fruit pod after step 1 low temperature treatment is opened along vertical rib plane, take out the seed in fruit pod, seed for mixing, is mixed thoroughly 1:1000 by volume with ash, the matrix that step 2 is prepared is laid in grows seedlings on ware, the thickness of matrix is 1/2 of the ware degree of depth of growing seedlings, on matrix upper berth, 2 layers of gauze, water water saturates matrix, with writing brush by the seed after mixing according to 5/cm
2the sowing on gauze of even density, wrap with the transparent plastic film ware of growing seedlings, be placed in 28 ℃, the artificial intelligence incubator of intensity of illumination 3000Lx, illumination 12h/12h and grow seedlings.
4, strong sprout
After growing seedlings 20 days, throw off the plastic film of growing seedlings on ware, each 1 time of the root-inducing powder aqueous solution that the calcium chloride water that to spray respectively weekly blue precious growth-promoting liquid, mass fraction be 1% and mass fraction are 1%, water with Fine spray shower nozzle, keeping the ambient humidity of growing seedlings is 80%, monthly kills water purification solution with the eupolyphage sece steleophaga of 1g/L and directly sprays desinsection 1 time.
The precious growth-promoting liquid of above-mentioned orchid is made by oneself by national engineering laboratory of Shaanxi Normal University, and its preparation method is identical with embodiment 1; Root-inducing powder is provided by Zhuhai right way Bioisystech Co., Ltd.
5, transplant
Treat that seedling grows to 2～3cm hardening, transplant.
Embodiment 3
In the preparation matrix step 2 of embodiment 1～2, the bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting, is that 5:8:1 mix with humus, river sand according to mass ratio by the bark fermenting, and sprays carbendazim and insecticide, is mixed with matrix.Other steps are identical with corresponding embodiment.
In order to determine optimised process step of the present invention, inventor has carried out a large amount of laboratory research tests, and various test situation are as follows:
Inventor is according to the investigation and analysis of the Proterozoic environment to wild bletilla, in conjunction with the distinctive habit of growth of orchid, carrying out bletilla with different seedling raising mannerses grows seedlings, concrete seedling raising manners is in table 1, every kind of seedling raising manners is tested in triplicate, different seedling raising mannerses do dark place reason check experiment simultaneously, and routine observation records the situation of emerging of different seedling raising manners bletillas.Result of the test is in table 2 and Fig. 1～2.
The different seedling raising mannerses of table 1
From table 2 and Fig. 1～2, bletilla seed is easily sprouted under illumination condition, and in the dark almost not growth of the seed under reason, illustrates that illumination is very large on the impact of bletilla seed germination.Under illumination condition, adopt seedling raising manners C, at matrix upper berth 1 metafiltration paper, effectively prevent from oozing under seed, but intercepted contacting of seedling and soil, cause seedling substantially can absorb without nutrition, thereby its seed germination rate is low, growth of seedling is slow, sows after 20 days, the emergence rate of bletilla only reaches 20% left and right, and the plant height of bletilla seedling only has 0.2cm left and right, adopt seedling raising manners D, because the ratio of river sand in its matrix is too high, be difficult for water storage, and easily form matrix and harden, be unfavorable for the growth of seedling, sow after 20 days, the emergence rate of bletilla only reaches 30% left and right, and the plant height of bletilla seedling only has about 0.3cm, adopt seedling raising manners A, top layer in matrix is covered with gauze, both can play moisturizing, draining, ventilative effect, can prevent from again oozing under bletilla seed, after seed germination, can take root in matrix by the mesh on gauze, nutrient in absorption base is to meet its normal growth needs, simultaneously owing to containing the river sand of proper proportion in matrix, be conducive to the ventilative and hydrophobic of bletilla seedling root, seedling development stalwartness and growth rate are very fast, at after planting the 10th day germination rate up to 84%, the plant height of bletilla seedling is 0.47cm left and right, compared with other seedling raising mannerses, the speed of seed germination, and final planting percent is 87%, meet the requirement of the extensive live fast seedling growing of bletilla seed, adopt seedling raising manners B, seed germination speed is relatively slow, and final percentage of green plantlets is 70%.
From above-mentioned test, in the whole seedling raising process of bletilla seed, the sprouting of different seedling raising mannerses on seed and the very large impact of growing of seedling, adopt seedling raising manners C, D, germination rate and the upgrowth situation of seed are lower, all have larger difference compared with A, B, and the resultant effect of seedling raising manners B takes second place compared with seedling raising manners A.Therefore, the present invention selects to carry out with seedling raising manners A the extensive live fast seedling growing of bletilla seed, that is: by the bark fermenting and humus, river sand is that 1～5:3～8:1 mixes in mass ratio, spray carbendazim and insecticide, be mixed with matrix, fruit pod after low temperature treatment is opened along vertical rib plane, take out the seed in fruit pod, seed is mixed and mixed thoroughly for 1:500～1000 by volume with ash, matrix is laid in and is grown seedlings on ware, the thickness of matrix is 1/3～1/2 of the ware degree of depth of growing seedlings, 1～2 layer of gauze on matrix upper berth, water water saturates matrix, with writing brush by the seed after mixing according to 3～5/cm
2the sowing on gauze of even density, wrap with the transparent plastic film ware of growing seedlings, be placed in 28 ℃, the artificial intelligence incubator of intensity of illumination 3000Lx, illumination 12h/12h and grow seedlings.
Claims (4)
1. a method for bletilla fast seedling raising, is characterized in that it is made up of following step:
(1) low temperature treatment of bletilla fruit pod
Choose and grow full and embryo and reach 18 weeks above bletilla fruit pods age and pluck, by the bletilla of harvesting really pod pack in kraft paper bag, be placed in ventilating and cooling place and dry, put into 4 ℃ of preservations of refrigerator;
(2) preparation matrix
The bark of choosing humus, river sand and fermenting, is that 1～5:3～8:1 mix with humus, river sand according to mass ratio by the bark fermenting, and sprays carbendazim and insecticide, is mixed with matrix;
(3) planting seed and growing seedlings
Fruit pod after step (1) low temperature treatment is opened along vertical rib plane, take out the seed in fruit pod, seed is mixed and mixed thoroughly for 1:500～1000 by volume with ash, the matrix of preparation in step (2) is laid in and is grown seedlings on ware, the thickness of matrix is 1/3～1/2 of the ware degree of depth of growing seedlings, on matrix upper berth, 1～2 layer of gauze, waters water saturates matrix, with writing brush by the seed after mixing according to 3～5/cm
2the sowing on gauze of even density, wrap with the transparent plastic film ware of growing seedlings, be placed in 28 ℃, the artificial intelligence incubator of intensity of illumination 3000Lx, illumination 12h/12h and grow seedlings;
(4) strong sprout
After growing seedlings 20～30 days, throw off the plastic film of growing seedlings on ware, each 1 time of the root-inducing powder aqueous solution that the calcium chloride water that to spray respectively weekly blue precious growth-promoting liquid, mass fraction be 1% and mass fraction are 1%, the ambient humidity of growing seedlings is 70%～80%, monthly uses insecticide desinsection 1 time;
The precious growth-promoting liquid of above-mentioned orchid is: add 6-benzyl aminoadenine, methyl α-naphthyl acetate to not adding in the MS liquid nutrient medium of agar and sucrose, obtain mother liquor, in every liter of medium, add 6-benzyl aminoadenine 10.0mg, methyl α-naphthyl acetate 2.5mg, by mother liquor with distilled water by volume for 1:50 mixes, be mixed with blue precious growth-promoting liquid;
(5) transplant
Treat that seedling grows to 2～3cm, do hardening and process and transplant.
2. the method for bletilla fast seedling raising according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in preparation matrix step (2), choose humus, river sand and fermentation bark later, be that 2:4:1 mix with humus, river sand according to volume ratio by the bark fermenting, spray carbendazim and insecticide, be mixed with matrix.
3. the method for bletilla fast seedling raising according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in step in strong sprout (4), the mode that described ambient humidity adopts Fine spray shower nozzle to water regulates.
4. the method for bletilla fast seedling raising according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described insecticide is that packed eupolyphage sece steleophaga is killed only, every gram of eupolyphage sece steleophaga kill and be only watered 1L after root fill with or directly spray.
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