Background technology
The development energy saving building is the important channel that solves resource, energy problem.Be example with China, in state-owned 44,000,000,000 square metres of existing buildings, energy consumption is generally higher.Architectural energy consumption generally accounts for 30% of the total power consumption of society, adds the consumption of constructional materials manufacturing process, and total accounting that consumes energy then reaches 46% to 47% in society.Wherein, the European countries that the construction unit area heating energy consumption of northern area is more close than weather conditions are high 1.5 to 2 times, because of the building energy consumption height, only the regional annual just many consumption standard coals of northern heating are several hundred million tons, more seriously, in the middle of every year nearly 2,000,000,000 square metres completed floor space, have only five, 60,000,000 square metres to be energy saving building, only account for about 3%, that is to say that 97% belongs to the highly energy-consuming building.According to present building energy consumption level development, to the year two thousand twenty, China's building energy consumption will reach 10.89 hundred million tons of standard coals.Relatively China and foreign countries' building energy consumption difference can be found, it is better that developed country builds the heat insulation effect of common building, at body of wall heat insulation layer efficiently arranged, and heat is difficult for transmitting inside and outside building.In recent years, for the needs of energy-saving and emission-reduction, China has formulated a series of code of building energy efficiency, requires new building must reach energy conservation standard, and externally body of wall must carry out outer insulation processing.External-wall heat-insulation material also must have following a few specific character except requiring outstanding heat insulation effect: 1, be non-inflammable thing, and satisfy the fire-fighting requirement.2, enough intensity is arranged, guarantee to resist the effect of various external force and internal force safely at work progress and building length of life.Application number is 200810052086.7,03140404.9 Deng patent report with the external wall insulation of foaming polymer material preparation, heat insulation effect is good, but because being main thermal insulation material with organic polymer, very easily burning also fails to make its flammability that the change of an essence is arranged even add fire retardant.Two massive losses that big fire causes of the big fire of Beijing CCTV and Jing'an District, Shanghai, it is enough prudent to remind people must have the use of organic external-wall heat-insulation material.Inorganic external-wall heat-insulation material has well solved the easy firing problem of organic external-wall heat-insulation material, most of standards that can reach A level fire protection flame retarding.But the common density of inorganic external-wall heat-insulation material is bigger, the coefficient of thermal conductivity height, and heat-insulating property has to be strengthened.For improving the heat-insulating property of inorganic external-wall heat-insulation material; reduce coefficient of thermal conductivity; usual method is for reducing the apparent density (apparent unit weight) of inorganic external-wall heat-insulation material; added light heat insulation material; be 201110168767.1 as application number; 200710304328.2 adopted foamed concrete or foaming magnesium chloride etc. to be that heat insulating material, other method adopt the low-density heat insulating material etc. patent, as materials such as asbestos, glass bead, haydite, vermiculite, expanded perlites.These material porous thermal conductive coefficients are lower, are the method insulation that 201110027771.6,200610012729.6 grades have taked to add glass bead as application number.But, these material porous, intensity is lower, with present production technology, the external wall insulation/brick intensity of making of these materials is corresponding lower, can not satisfy requirement of engineering, easily produce potential safety hazard again, for improving its intensity, need to add excessive cementitious material and supplementary cementitious material, can increase its coefficient of thermal conductivity widely again.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: when the substrate insulation layer of preparation exterior-wall heat insulation face brick, add nano material, it is carried out modification, to improve its resistance to compression, cracking resistance, shear strength and adhesive strength, utilize aluminium or plastic-aluminum combined sheet material to decorate as its external surface simultaneously, produce plastic-aluminum and compound high strength, the high adiabatic exterior-wall heat insulation face brick of nano material that the substrate insulation layer contains nano material.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: make the compound exterior-wall heat insulation face brick of a kind of plastic-aluminum and nano material, it is characterized in that being made of aluminium or aluminium-plastic panel skin, adhesive linkage and the inorganic lightweight material substrate insulation layer that added nano particle.Add nano material it is carried out modification, improved resistance to compression, cracking resistance, shear strength and adhesive strength.Wherein aluminium or aluminium-plastic panel skin are in the external surface of exterior-wall heat insulation face brick, and adhesive linkage will play bonding and levelling effect, and aluminium or aluminium-plastic panel and the inorganic lightweight material substrate insulation layer that added nano particle are bonded together.
When preparing the substrate insulation layer of the compound exterior-wall heat insulation face brick of plastic-aluminum and nano material, add nano material, exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer is carried out modification, be conducive to improve resistance to compression, cracking resistance, shear strength and adhesive strength, thereby produce plastic-aluminum and the compound exterior-wall heat insulation face brick of nano material.The main preparation technology of thermal-insulating face tile substrate insulation layer adds also evenly to mix particle diameter in nano level nano material in the mixed system of cement, supplementary cementitious material, polymer binder, inorganic light weight thermal insulation material, fiber and water, and mixed system is through extrusion forming.The moulding of exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer by high-molecular organic material cross-linking process and hydrated cementitious dry run the exterior-wall heat insulation face brick.At above-mentioned prescription, for reducing cement consumption, increase workability, add water reducing agent in the preparation.For accelerating cement initial set speed, improve early strength, the reduction of erection time can add an amount of early strength admixture.
The number average bead diameter of nano material should be below 150nm, be preferably in below the 80nm, addition can account for 0.1% to 25% of gross weight, and nano material includes but not limited to one or more mixtures in the following nano material: nano-calcium carbonate calcium powder, nano titanium dioxide powder, nano-silica powder end, nano-bentonite powder, nanometer flyash powder, nano kaoline powder, nano-calcium carbonate magnesium dust, nano oxidized magnesium dust, nano barium sulfate particulate, nanometer bonding agent particulate, nano oxidized iron granules, nano aluminium oxide particulate and nanometer calcium silicates particulate.
At the cement described in the above-mentioned prescription can be but be not limited to a kind of or their two kinds and two or more mixture such as portland cement, sulphate aluminium cement, perhafnate cement, ferrous aluminate cement, white cement.
At the supplementary cementitious material described in the above-mentioned prescription can be but be not limited to agstone, natural volcanic ash, flyash, silicon ash, slag powders and phosphorus slag powder.
Addition at the polymer binder described in the above-mentioned prescription can be between 0.05% to 3%, polymer binder can be but be not limited to polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ester, the modification polyethylene glycol oxide, the polyethylene acid esters, poly-fluorocarbon resin, polystyrene, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyacrylate, benzene emulsion, HPMA, the poly ester, polyvinyl chloride, ethene/vinyl laurate/vinyl chloride ternary polymerization rubber powder, ethene acetate/ethene bipolymer, starch and oxidized starch, starch ether, carboxylated cellulose, the hydroxylating cellulose, can be they one or more mixture or its connect skill, copolymer.Its form can be resin, can disperse micelle, emulsion, suspension, emulsion or solution.
Should be at 200kg/m in the inorganic light weight thermal insulation material apparent density described in the above-mentioned prescription
3Below, can be but be not limited to glass bead that hollow haydite, expanded vermiculite, expanded perlite, Hollow Glass Sphere can be their two or more mixtures.
Be preferably in below the 0.1mm at the fibre diameter described in the above-mentioned prescription, length is preferably in below the 70mm, can be but be not limited to organic synthesis macromolecular fibre such as nylon fiber, polypropylene fibre, polyester fiber, propionitrile fiber, Fypro, polycarbonate and natural polymer subbundle such as paper pulp fiber, wood pulp cellulose, tangerine rod fibers, viscose rayon, flaxen fiber, protein fibre and cutin fiber.Can be single fiber, also can be the mixture of two or more fiber.
The consumption of water reducing agent is less than 1%, can be but be not limited to high-efficiency water-reducing agent of poly-carboxylic acid, sodium lignin sulfonate, benzene sulfonate formaldehyde condensation products, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon sulfonate formaldehyde condensation products, melamine sulfonate and formaldehyde condensation polymer, sulfonated polystyrene, maleic acid sulfonate polyoxyethylene ester, polyalcohol sulfonate and oxirane and epoxy propane copolymer, alpha-sulfonated fatty acid polyoxyethylene ester etc., also can be the mixture of two or more water reducing agent.
Early strength admixture is used for shortening the initial setting time, improve early strength, can be but be not limited to calcium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, aluminium chloride, sodium formate, natrium nitrosum, sodium carbonate, gypsum, can be early strength water-reducing agent, also can be the mixture of two or more early strength admixture.
Be fixing compound high strength, the high adiabatic exterior-wall heat insulation face brick of plastic-aluminum and nano material, can reserve two or more anchor holes at brick, in order to before bonding material works that thermal-insulating face tile is fixing on the wall in work progress.
For strengthening the waterproof moisture-proof effect of the compound high strength of plastic-aluminum of the present invention and nano material, high adiabatic exterior-wall heat insulation face brick, can coat waterproof coating at the external surface of brick.Waterproof coating uses and includes but not limited to waterproofing agent of organosilicon.
Use the present invention, not only can prepare high strength, high adiabatic plastic-aluminum and the compound exterior-wall heat insulation face brick of nano material, can also make inorganic heat preservation panel, inorganic exterior-wall heat insulation mortar.
Below be to represent that to the testing result of embodiment 1 and with diagram detection method is reference standard method GB/T 5486, JGJ 144, JG 149 and GB/T 10294 respectively.
Fig. 1 is the raising along with the nanoparticle addition, the variation of exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer compressive strength.In exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer, by embodiment 1 formulation (but not adding nanoparticle), compressive strength is 0.171MPa, and when improving the percentage by weight of nano-calcium carbonate particles gradually, exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer compressive strength increases substantially.
Fig. 2 is the raising along with the nanoparticle addition, the change of exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer tensile strength.In exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer, by embodiment 1 formulation (but not adding nanoparticle), tensile strength is 0.171MPa, and when improving the percentage by weight of nano-calcium carbonate particles gradually, exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer tensile strength increases substantially.
Fig. 3 is the raising along with the nanoparticle addition, the change (MPa) of the tensile bond strength between exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer and the cement mortar, (the destruction face is on the foam cement plate).In exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer, by embodiment 1 formulation (but not adding nanoparticle), tensile strength is 0.153MPa, and when improving the percentage by weight of nano-calcium carbonate particles gradually, exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer tensile bond strength increases substantially.
Fig. 4 is the raising along with the nanoparticle addition, and the variation of exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer coefficient of thermal conductivity is as seen, along with the increase of nanoparticle, very little to the influence of coefficient of thermal conductivity.
To embodiment 2,3,4 testing result shows that along with the increase of nanoparticle, variation tendency and the embodiment 1 of exterior wall inorganic heat preservation face brick substrate insulation layer compressive strength, tensile strength, adhesive strength and the coefficient of thermal conductivity of obtaining are in full accord.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with the prior art is that the present invention adds nanoparticle to increase the uniformity of material, reduces the generation in crack, improves its mechanical strength.This is the hole in both shutoff cement mortar or the concrete because nanoparticle and polymer cooperatively interact, and reduces the generation of water evaporates speed and quantity inhibition microfissure by passage.Simultaneously, because nanoparticle is very little, good flowability is arranged, nanoparticle can infiltrate between the microcrack and exist, even also can permeate nanoparticle between the flat crystal of calcium hydroxide.Because of the relative sliding of nanoparticle, need add and contain nanoparticle polymer film modulus of elasticity and become lower, can improve tensile strength and fracture toughness.Simultaneously, along with hydrated cementitious absorbs moisture, the polymer after the dehydration is gathered into the continuous net structure of three dimensions gradually with nanoparticle under alkali condition, and the kind net structure penetrates mutually hands over knot to be intertwined, and forms the basal body structure of densification continuously.This nanoparticle polymeric web membrane structure is passed pore, the crack in the external-wall heat-insulation material, by the connection of shuttling back and forth, forms a rubber-like spacial framework, has disperseed stress, has increased deformability.Even under the stress effect, produce the crack, because the polymer of having filled nanoparticle strides across the crackle connection of shuttling back and forth, can suppress the development of crackle, improved fracture toughness, deformability and the crack resistance of hardenite.In addition, between nanoparticle and hydrated cementitious product, may exist the interaction of hydrogen bond, Van der Waals force, because of the nanoparticle particle diameter little, surface area is huge, and special quantum effect is arranged, some active group in the nanoparticle also may with hydrated cementitious product generation chemical action, form special bridged bond effect, improve the structure of hydrated cementitious product, alleviate internal stress, thereby reduce the generation of micro-crack in the cement slurry.This structure is not only absorption, the bonding of physics, and exists the chemical action that exists with the chemical bond form.Thereby the hardened paste structure is produced favorable influence.