CN103237648A - 构件连接方法 - Google Patents

构件连接方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103237648A
CN103237648A CN2010800704917A CN201080070491A CN103237648A CN 103237648 A CN103237648 A CN 103237648A CN 2010800704917 A CN2010800704917 A CN 2010800704917A CN 201080070491 A CN201080070491 A CN 201080070491A CN 103237648 A CN103237648 A CN 103237648A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
resin
component element
attachment
matrix resin
rivet
Prior art date
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Pending
Application number
CN2010800704917A
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English (en)
Inventor
高桥直是
河村信也
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Publication date
Application filed by Toyota Motor Corp filed Critical Toyota Motor Corp
Publication of CN103237648A publication Critical patent/CN103237648A/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/72—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by combined operations or combined techniques, e.g. welding and stitching
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/025—Setting self-piercing rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/02—Riveting procedures
    • B21J15/08—Riveting by applying heat, e.g. to the end parts of the rivets to enable heads to be formed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J15/00—Riveting
    • B21J15/10—Riveting machines
    • B21J15/36—Rivet sets, i.e. tools for forming heads; Mandrels for expanding parts of hollow rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/562—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/564—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits using extra joining elements, i.e. which are not integral with the parts to be joined hidden in the joint, e.g. dowels or Z-pins
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/56—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using mechanical means or mechanical connections, e.g. form-fits
    • B29C65/60—Riveting or staking
    • B29C65/601—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/602—Riveting or staking using extra riveting elements, i.e. the rivets being non-integral with the parts to be joined using hollow rivets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/74—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area
    • B29C65/743—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc
    • B29C65/7437—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by welding and severing, or by joining and severing, the severing being performed in the area to be joined, next to the area to be joined, in the joint area or next to the joint area using the same tool for both joining and severing, said tool being monobloc or formed by several parts mounted together and forming a monobloc the tool being a perforating tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B29C66/1312—Single flange to flange joints, the parts to be joined being rigid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/20—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines
    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
    • B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
    • B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
    • B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
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    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/532—Joining single elements to the wall of tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
    • B29C66/545—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles one hollow-preform being placed inside the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/725—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being hollow-walled or honeycombs
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Insertion Pins And Rivets (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)

Abstract

本发明的目的在于提供一种构件连接方法，涉及连接2个以上的构件、其中至少一方由树脂构件构成的连接方法，在该连接方法中应用利用自冲铆钉的接合方法的情况下，基体树脂也不会破裂，能够介由铆钉坚固地连接2个以上的构件。因而，提供了一种构件连接方法，该构件连接方法将2个以上构件的重合部位连接，其中：作为形成重合部位的至少最下层配置以热塑性树脂为基体树脂的树脂构件；在对重合部位的至少树脂构件进行热处理而使基体树脂熔化的状态下，从重合部位的最上层构件的上方钉入自冲铆钉而使其到达树脂构件的内部，通过基体树脂的固化而进行重合部位的连接。

Description

构件连接方法
技术领域
本发明涉及用于对2个以上的构件的重合部位进行连接的构件连接方法，特别涉及作为形成重合部位的至少最下层配置有以热塑性树脂为基体树脂的树脂构件、从重合部位的最上层的构件的上方钉入自冲铆钉而将构件彼此连接的方法。
背景技术
在树脂中混合强化用纤维材料而成的纤维强化塑料(FRP)轻量并且高强度，所以在汽车工业、建筑工业、航空工业等各种工业领域使用。
而且，关于FRP构件彼此的接合方法，一般使用经由粘接剂接合的方法、利用螺栓的接合方法以及将两者组合的接合方法等。
关于构件彼此的接合，在被接合构件由铝板、钢板等构成的情况下，具有点焊、摩擦搅拌接合、机械铆接、钎焊、螺纹连接等各种接合方法，其中有时采用利用自冲铆钉的接合方法。
该利用自冲铆钉的接合方法，在铆接模之上以层叠姿势载置例如2块金属板，所述铆接模在其载置面上具备凹槽，将由端面和从该端面突出的穿孔部构成的侧视呈门形的铆钉定位于金属板的上方，通过冲头将该铆钉钉入金属板，使铆钉贯穿上板，在该过程中将铆钉的2个穿孔部的顶端向外侧撇，进而将铆钉钉入，由此穿孔部的顶端在下板内被进一步撇开，在穿孔部的钉入过程中使上下的金属板塑性变形而经由穿孔部将双方互锁连接。
根据利用自冲铆钉的接合方法，不需要对例如金属上板事先进行开孔，进而3、4块金属板彼此的接合也能够进行，所以能够高效地将2块以上的金属构件彼此高强度接合。
也有人尝试了将这样具有各种优点的利用自冲铆钉的接合方法用于上述FRP构件彼此的接合，进而在作为公开技术的专利文献1中公开了该内容。这里所示的接合方法如下：在要接合的2个FRP构件之间涂布粘接剂，在该粘接剂未固化的状态下钉入自冲铆钉，使铆钉贯穿上方的FRP构件而使其顶端留在下方的FRP构件内。
但是，本发明者等确定，在将利用自冲铆钉的接合方法用于这样的被连接构件的至少一方为FRP构件的构件彼此的连接时，基体树脂会由于铆钉的顶端的扎刺而破裂，或者FRP纤维切断，铆钉与FRP构件难以向金属板那样充分固定。由此，使用专利文献1所公开的连接方法，与将FRP构件彼此的连接部位仅通过粘接剂接合的情况实质相同，不能形成自冲铆钉接合所起到的坚固的互锁连接构造，所以形成为相对于剪切、弯折等外力较弱的连接构造。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1：日本特开2007-229980号公报
发明内容
本发明是鉴于上述问题而进行的，其目的在于提供一种构件连接方法，涉及连接2个以上的构件，其中至少一方由树脂构件构成的连接方法，在该连接方法中应用利用自冲铆钉的接合方法的情况下，基体树脂也不会破裂，能够介由铆钉将2个以上的构件坚固地连接起来。
为了达成上述目的，本发明中的构件连接方法，是将2个以上构件的重合部位连接起来的构件连接方法，其中：作为形成重合部位的至少最下层配置以热塑性树脂为基体树脂的树脂构件；在对所述重合部位的至少所述树脂构件进行热处理而使基体树脂熔化的状态下，从重合部位的最上层构件的上方钉入自冲铆钉而使其到达所述树脂构件的内部，通过基体树脂的固化而进行重合部位的连接。
本发明的构件连接方法，在使用自冲铆钉将2个以上构件连接时，至少作为穿孔部的顶端所停留的最下层构件配置以热塑性树脂为基体树脂的树脂构件，在至少对该最下层的树脂构件进行热处理而使基体树脂熔化的状态下钉入自冲铆钉而连接。
将铆钉从最上层构件的上方钉入从而铆钉贯穿最下层构件以外的构件，在该过程中铆钉的顶端向外侧变位而撇开，在其顶端要留在最下层构件内部时，该最下层构件已经熔化，由此能够有效地消除铆钉钉入时最下层的树脂构件破裂的课题。
在这里，所谓“至少作为最下层配置以热塑性树脂为基体树脂的树脂构件”，除了多个构件中仅最下层构件为以热塑性树脂为基体树脂的树脂构件以外，接合构件的组合变化存在多样，有：在连接2个构件时该双方构件都由以热塑性树脂为基体树脂的树脂构件构成的形态，在连接3个构件时所有的构件都由以热塑性树脂为基体树脂的树脂构件构成的形态，3个构件中的最上层以及最下层、或者中间层以及最下层这2个构件由以热塑性树脂为基体树脂的树脂构件构成、剩下的构件是由以热固性树脂为基体树脂的树脂、或铝、铝合金、高张力钢板等金属板构成的形态等。
作为该热塑性树脂，除了聚丙烯、聚乙烯等聚烯烃树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、ABS树脂、聚氯乙烯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚酯树脂、聚缩醛树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂等以外，还能够使用具有热塑性的环氧树脂等。
通过在使2个以上构件重合时至少其最下层构件由以热固化性树脂为基体树脂的构件构成，能够在铆钉钉入时至少加热最下层构件而使基体树脂熔化。
在这里，所谓“在至少对所述树脂构件进行热处理而使基体树脂熔化的状态下”，意味着，在例如连接2个构件的情况下，除了仅使最下层构件熔化，也包含使双方的构件都熔化。
例如通过将铆钉的顶端的内侧预先加工为锥状的尖锐形状，在上层构件不熔化的状态下将该铆钉钉入时，在铆钉贯穿非熔化状态且刚性较高的上层构件的过程中，位于铆钉的内侧的高刚性的上层构件容易使铆钉的顶端向外撇，在其顶端进入熔化的最下层构件内后，使最下层构件固化，从而将其顶端配设于最下层的树脂构件内。
另一方面，即使在除了最下层构件以外上层构件也熔化的情况下，根据基体树脂的熔化程度，也有熔化状态的树脂构件能够具有仅将钉入构件内的铆钉向外侧压撇的刚性的情况。在这样熔化状态的上层构件的基体树脂具有所希望的刚性的情况下，即使使所要连接的所有的构件熔化而进行铆钉钉入，也能够使铆钉进行所希望的变形，在构件内撇开。
通过对2个以上构件进行自冲铆钉连接，能够借助在各构件内向侧方撇的铆钉与各构件之间的摩擦力将2个以上构件坚固地互锁连接。
进而，所述树脂构件也可以是由在基体树脂的内部包含纤维材料的纤维强化树脂构件构成的形态。
作为该纤维材料，能够列举作为陶瓷纤维的碳化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硅纤维，作为无机纤维的玻璃纤维、碳纤维，作为金属纤维的铜纤维、钢纤维、不锈钢纤维、铝纤维、铝合金纤维，作为有机纤维的聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、芳香族聚酰胺纤维等。
通过使用本发明的连接方法，由于在铆钉的钉入时最下层构件的基体树脂已经熔化，所以即使最下层构件为在基体树脂的内部包含纤维材料的纤维强化树脂构件的情况下，铆钉的钉入也不会造成最下层构件的基体树脂破裂，进而能够不切断纤维材料地将铆钉顶端配设于最下层构件内。
在最下层的树脂构件的熔化时，将该最下层的树脂构件载置于内置加热器的铆接模上，通过利用加热器的热处理使基体树脂熔化。
通过这样使用内置加热器的铆接模，能够有效地仅使最下层的树脂构件熔化。
另外，在例如也可以使所有的构件熔化的情况下，也能够使用将高温炉与自冲铆钉连接用的冲头一体构成的装置等，将高温炉内设为高温气氛而使所有构件的例如连接部位熔化，然后使冲头工作，进行临时固定于冲头顶端的铆钉的钉入。
进而，也可以是下述的形态：所述自冲铆钉是由端面与从该端面突出的穿孔部构成的侧视呈门形的构件，在重合部位将其钉入时穿孔部向侧方变形同时其顶端在所述树脂构件的内部互锁；在所述铆接模上的树脂构件的载置面上设有凹槽，在所述穿孔部变形时其一部分进入该凹槽内而进行重合部位的连接。
在例如在铆接模的载置面上预先设置环状的凹槽、在其上将2个以上构件连接的情况下，通过使直接载置于铆接模上的最下层的树脂构件熔化，熔化树脂进入凹槽内。而且，借助从最上层构件的上方将铆钉钉入时的按压力，最上层构件、中间构件以与在铆接模的载置面上蛇行的最下层的熔化树脂的蛇行形状相呼应的方式变形，构成被钉入的铆钉的穿孔部在该钉入的过程中向外侧变位而外撇，穿孔部的顶端进入已经有最下层的熔化树脂进入的凹槽内。
在该连接方法中，2个以上构件的连接部位的最下表面被赋予与形成于铆接模的载置面的凹槽相辅相成的形状。
从上面的说明能够理解，根据本发明的构件连接方法，作为形成所要连接的2个以上构件的重合部位的至少最下层，配置以热塑性树脂为基体树脂的树脂构件，在对其进行热处理而使基体树脂熔化的状态下，从最上层构件的上方钉入自冲铆钉而使其到达树脂构件的内部，通过基体树脂的固化而进行重合部位的连接，由此在铆钉钉入时不会使树脂构件破裂，能够以较高的连接强度将构件彼此连接起来。
附图说明
图1(a)是供自冲铆钉连接的枪筒机构与铆接模的纵剖图，(b)是(a)的b-b向视图。
图2是对2个构件的重合部位载置于铆接模的载置台上的状态进行说明的图。
图3是对通过铆接模内的加热器将下方的树脂构熔化、将铆钉钉入的状态进行说明的图。
图4是对铆钉被完全钉入、下方的树脂构件固化而将2个构件连接起来的状态进行说明的图。
图5是表示构成车辆部件的2个树脂构件通过本发明的连接方法连接起来的状态的模式图。
图6是表示对通过本发明的连接方法连接起来的2个构件(实施例)与通过以往的连接方法连接起来的2个构件(比较例)各自的连接部位的剪切强度进行测定的实验结果的图表。
符号说明
1…枪筒，2…冲头，3…铆接模，3a…载置面，3b…凹槽，4…加热器，5…铆钉，5a…穿孔部，5b…端面，6、6A…下方构件(纤维强化树脂构件)，7、7A…上方构件(纤维强化树脂构件)，8…加强构件。
具体实施方式
下面，参照附图对本发明的构件连接方法的实施方式进行说明。另外，图示例表示将2个构件连接起来的方法，但当然也可以使用图示方法将3个以上构件连接起来。
图1～4是按顺序说明本发明的构件连接方法的流程图。具体地说，图1是供自冲铆钉连接的枪筒机构与铆接模的纵剖图，图2是对2个构件载置于铆接模的载置台上的状态进行说明的图，图3是对通过铆接模内的加热器将下方的树脂构熔化、将铆钉钉入的状态进行说明的图，图4是对铆钉被完全钉入、下方的树脂构件固化而将2个构件连接起来的状态进行说明的图。
下面，对使用本发明的构件连接方法而将上下2个纤维强化树脂构件彼此连接起来的方法进行说明。
如图1a所示，准备包含用于载置使2个纤维强化树脂构件的一部分重合而成的重合部位的铆接模3、与位于铆接模3上方且冲头2在枪筒1内滑动自如的枪筒机构的制造***。
铆接模3如图1b所示其俯视为圆形，在用于载置纤维强化树脂构件的载置面3a上形成有环状的凹槽3b。
进而，在铆接模3内内置有加热器4。
在枪筒1内，在其内部滑动的冲头2的下表面上通过吸附等方式临时固定有铆钉5。
所使用的铆钉5是由俯视为圆形的端面5b和从该端面5b突出的穿孔部5a构成的侧视呈门形的构件，其坯料由铝和/或铝合金、钢等形成。
如在图2中所示，将由纤维强化树脂构件构成的上方构件7与下方构件6的重合部位定位在构成所准备的制造***的铆接模3的载置面3a上，在上方构件7上设置枪筒1。
在这里，形成上方构件7、下方构件6的纤维强化树脂构件中，至少下方构件6的基体树脂由热塑性树脂构成，在该基体树脂的内部混合有适当的纤维材料。
作为至少被当作下方构件6的基体树脂而使用的热塑性树脂，除了聚丙烯、聚乙烯等聚烯烃树脂、聚苯乙烯树脂、ABS树脂、聚氯乙烯树脂、聚酰胺树脂、聚酯树脂、聚缩醛树脂、聚碳酸酯树脂等以外，还能够使用具有热塑性的环氧树脂等中的任意一种或者将上述的2种以上混合而成的材料。
另外，作为该热塑性树脂中混入的纤维材料，能够使用作为陶瓷纤维的碳化硅纤维、氧化铝纤维、氮化硅纤维，作为无机纤维的玻璃纤维、碳纤维，作为金属纤维的铜纤维、钢纤维、不锈钢纤维、铝纤维、铝合金纤维，作为有机纤维的聚酯纤维、聚酰胺纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维中的任意一种或者将上述的2种以上混合而成的材料。
另外，下方构件6也可以是以热塑性树脂为基体树脂同时没有混入纤维材料的树脂构件。
另外，上方构件7可以是以热塑性树脂为基体树脂而混入纤维材料的纤维强化树脂构件或没有混入纤维材料的树脂构件，进而也可以是由铝或其合金、高张力钢板等金属材料构成的构件。
在将上方构件7与下方构件6的重合部位定位于载置面3a上的状态下，使内置于铆接模3的加热器4工作，介由铆接模3对下方构件6加热。更具体地说，以作为下方构件6的基体树脂使用的热塑性树脂的熔点以上的温度对下方构件6进行热处理，使其基体树脂熔化。
另外，在下方构件6的基体树脂熔化时，上方构件7的基体树脂不熔化，因此上方构件7具有比下方构件6高的刚性。
如图3所示，在仅下方构件6熔化的状态下使冲头2在枪筒1内滑动，由冲头2将铆钉5压向上方构件7侧(按压力Q)，由此铆钉5的穿孔部5a被钉入上方构件7，并将其贯穿，进而穿孔部5a的顶端进入熔化状态的下方构件6。
而且，该穿孔部5a在贯穿上方构件7的过程中从内侧受到压力q而向外侧扩大，进而在钉入熔化的下方构件6内的过程中也从内侧受到压力而向外侧撇。在铆钉5的钉入过程中2个穿孔部5a、5a这样向外侧变位是由下述各种因素引起的：穿孔部5a的顶端内侧形成为尖锐锥状，由设置于铆接模3的载置面3a的环状的凹槽3b围起来的中央部分在2个穿孔部5a、5a的内侧呈向上方凸，在2个穿孔部5a、5a的内侧存在刚性较高的构件。
而且，将铆钉5钉入直到铆钉5的端面5b与上方构件7的上表面位于同一平面，接下来使熔化状态的下方构件6固化，由此能够将上方构件7与下方构件6的重合部连接起来。
如图4所示，铆钉5的穿孔部5a以将其一部分于被收纳在铆接模3的凹槽3b内的方式向外侧撇，通过上方构件7以及下方构件6与穿孔部5a之间的摩擦力能够将双方的构件6、7坚固地连接起来。
图5是对采用上述连接方法的一个实施方式进行说明的图，是表示将构成车辆部件的2个纤维强化树脂构件连接起来的状态的模式图。
图示的实施例中，由2片纤维强化树脂构件构成的上方构件7A以及下方构件6A与存在于它们之间的加强构件8构成车辆部件，上方构件7A与下方构件6A之间、以及上方构件7A与加强构件8之间通过上述的连接方法连接。另外，在该图中图示的铆钉5的端面部位是通过上述连接方法连接的部位。
作为铆钉接合条件，将冲头的按压力设为0.6～0.8MPa左右，关于铆接模温度，在作为热塑性树脂使用聚丙烯的情况下能够调整为85～120℃，在作为热塑性树脂使用聚酰胺(PA6)的情况下能够调整为150～200℃，在使用聚酰胺(PA66)的情况下能够调整为190～250℃左右。
图示的车辆部件是将轻量并且高强度的2片纤维强化树脂构件连接而构成的。
而且，在纤维强化树脂构件彼此的连接中采用自冲铆钉接合也不会使所连接的纤维强化树脂构件产生破裂，纤维材料不会被切断，所以形成为具有较高的连接强度的轻量且高强度的车辆部件。
[对通过本发明的连接方法连接的2个构件(实施例)与通过以往的连接方法连接的2个构件(比较例)各自的连接部位的剪切强度进行测定的实验及其结果]
本发明人等准备将2块纤维强化树脂构件通过本发明的连接方法连接起来的试验片(实施例)、和不使2块纤维强化树脂构件的一方加热熔化就钉入铆钉而连接起来的试验片(比较例)，分别夹在拉伸试验机上测定以5mm/min的拉伸速度拉伸时的剪切强度。将该测定结果表示于图6。
在该图中，将比较例的剪切强度规定为1，将实施例的剪切强度表示成相对于比较例的比例。
通过图6，证实了实施例的剪切强度比比较例提高2.5倍。观察实施例以及比较例的各试验片，结果发现，比较例的试验片通过铆钉的钉入，造成下方的纤维强化树脂构件的纤维切断，与此相对，实施例的试验片没有观察到纤维的切断和纤维强化树脂构件的破裂。
从而，不将该纤维切断地将双方的纤维强化树脂构件连接起来是大幅提高连接部位的剪切强度的原因。
上面，使用附图对本发明的实施方式进行了详细叙述，但具体的结构并不限定于本实施方式，不脱离本发明的宗旨的范围内的设计变更等也包含于本发明。

Claims (5)

1.一种构件连接方法，是将2个以上构件的重合部位连接起来的构件连接方法，其中：
作为形成重合部位的至少最下层，配置以热塑性树脂为基体树脂的树脂构件；
在对所述重合部位的至少所述树脂构件进行热处理而使基体树脂熔化的状态下，从重合部位的最上层构件的上方钉入自冲铆钉使其到达所述树脂构件的内部，通过基体树脂的固化进行重合部位的连接。
2.如权利要求1所述的构件连接方法，其中：所述树脂构件为在所述基体树脂内部包含纤维材料的纤维强化树脂构件。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的构件连接方法，其中：将最下层的所述树脂构件载置于内置加热器的铆接模上，通过利用加热器的热处理使基体树脂熔化。
4.如权利要求1～3的任一项所述的构件连接方法，其中：
所述自冲铆钉是由端面和从该端面突出的穿孔部构成的侧视呈门形的铆钉，在其被钉入重合部位时穿孔部向侧方变形，同时其顶端在所述树脂构件的内部互锁；
在所述铆接模上的树脂构件的载置面上设有凹槽，在所述穿孔部变形时其一部分进入该凹槽内而进行重合部位的连接。
5.如权利要求1～4的任一项所述的构件连接方法，其中：所连接的构件全都是以热塑性树脂为基体树脂、并在基体树脂内部包含纤维材料的纤维强化树脂构件。
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