CN103225527A - A piston-cylinder unit and a method for supplying lubricant to a piston of the piston-cylinder unit - Google Patents
A piston-cylinder unit and a method for supplying lubricant to a piston of the piston-cylinder unit Download PDFInfo
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- CN103225527A CN103225527A CN2013100312085A CN201310031208A CN103225527A CN 103225527 A CN103225527 A CN 103225527A CN 2013100312085 A CN2013100312085 A CN 2013100312085A CN 201310031208 A CN201310031208 A CN 201310031208A CN 103225527 A CN103225527 A CN 103225527A
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- piston
- cylinder
- lubricant aperture
- lubricant
- oiling agent
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 176
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000008041 oiling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 118
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002000 scavenging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000019628 coolness Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000659 freezing mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/18—Other cylinders
- F02F1/20—Other cylinders characterised by constructional features providing for lubrication
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
- F01M1/14—Timed lubrication
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F5/00—Piston rings, e.g. associated with piston crown
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
- F01M11/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01M1/00 - F01M9/00
- F01M11/02—Arrangements of lubricant conduits
- F01M2011/022—Arrangements of lubricant conduits for lubricating cylinders
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F3/00—Pistons
- F02F3/16—Pistons having cooling means
- F02F3/20—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
- F02F3/22—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
- F02F3/225—Pistons having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid the liquid being directed into blind holes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a piston-cylinder unit and a method for supplying lubricant to a piston of the piston-cylinder unit for a reciprocating piston combustion engine. The reciprocating piston combustion engine is especially a large diesel engine operating at low speed. In order to effectively lubricate the piston (112), a lubricant opening (141) is arranged in a cylinder liner (111) so that the piston (112) is positioned on an OT position of the piston (112) at a top dead center (OT). The piston (112) is arranged between a piston upper edge (129) and a piston lower edge (130). According to the method of the invention, lubricant is arranged in the cylinder liner (111) so that the first lubricant opening (141) is arranged at a radial position between the piston upper edge (129) and the piston lower edge (130). And the speed of the piston (112) is less than 2.5m/s and especially less than 1m/s.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cylinder piston unit that is used for the reciprocating piston type combustion engine, described reciprocating piston type combustion engine is the large-sized diesel motor of low cruise especially, and relating to a kind of oiling agent Supply Method of piston of the cylinder piston unit that is used for the reciprocating piston type combustion engine, described reciprocating piston type combustion engine is the large-sized diesel motor of low cruise especially.
Background technique
Large-sized diesel motor for example, is used to drive the high-rating generator that produces electric energy usually with the driver element that acts on ship or Fixed Point Operation.In this, diesel engine is moved in the mode of permanent operation in the quite long period usually, and this has very high requirement to operating security and usability.Particularly, therefore the economic treatment of long maintenance intervals, low wearing and tearing and fuel and operative material is the major criterion that is used to operate machines for the operator.The piston operation action of this macropore low cruise diesel engine is that the length for maintenance intervals, usability, over-lubrication agent except that other factors consumes, and for running cost and also directly be determinant factor for operating efficiency therefore.Therefore the lubricated challenge of large-sized diesel motor has increasing significance.
In large-sized diesel motor, but not only in them, the piston that in cylinder (so-called cylinder sleeve), moves back and forth lubricated by piston in or the lubricating fitting in the cylinder wall carry out.For this reason, oiling agent (lubricant oil particularly) therefore be introduced into and be applied in cylinder wall the operation surface so that minimise friction between piston and the operation surface and the wear of piston-rings that therefore makes the operation surface and be arranged in the piston periphery minimize.Modern motor (such as
RTA) under the situation of motor, the wearing and tearing on operation surface so today were less than 1000 hour operation cycle 0.05mm.Under the situation of this motor, the about 1.0g/kWh of lubricant delivery amount or lower and under possible situation even further reduced, especially because of the cost reason, wherein wearing and tearing are minimized simultaneously.
The metering of oiling agent is a vital point in the oiling agent supply.The amount that per time unit and unit of area are applied to the oiling agent on operation surface can depend on a plurality of different parameters in operation reciprocating piston type combustion engine.For example, the chemical composition of employed fuel (especially its sulphur content) is for example being played the part of important role.Remove lubrication of cylinders, that is to say and reduce between piston and the cylinder operation surface, or rather outside the friction between the operation surface of piston ring and cylinder wall, oiling agent also is used for except that other purposes and erodibility acid, especially in and sulfur-bearing and appear at acid in the combustion process of firing chamber of motor.Depend on employed fuel, therefore can use different types of oiling agent, except that other differences, the difference of these oiling agents is their neutralising capacity, and the so-called BN value of oiling agent is a tolerance for this reason.Therefore compare with situation about having than the fuel of low sulfur content, have at fuel that to use the oiling agent with higher BN value under the high-sulphur situation be favourable, this is to have for the stronger neutralization of acid because of the oiling agent with higher BN value.Oiling agent also for example with the tackiness agent that acts on water, can be by scavenging air or enters in another way in the cylinder of large-sized diesel motor by water.
Yet usually also possible is that identical oiling agent kind must be used for the fuel of different quality.In this case, or high or low acid content can be for example the corresponding increase or reduce of amount by employed oiling agent in products of combustion, compensated.
The known the whole bag of tricks of determining the amount of the oiling agent introduced by the particular lubricants nozzle at special time.Under simple scenario, amounts of lubrication depends on that the serviceability of reciprocating piston type combustion engine is controlled, may consider the quality of employed fuel and lubricant simultaneously, for example, wherein can consider to move relatively the state of wear of mating member based on the hours run of known execution as load or function of speed.
Except that the metering of oiling agent, the mode that applies oiling agent also is that important, very different scheme is called as about lubricating fitting and about both lubrication systems that is used for lubricated operation surface of the specific implementations of lubricating method.
Therefore lubricating fitting is known, and wherein oiling agent is by being applied to operation by on the piston of lubricant aperture along a plurality of lubricant aperture that circumferentially are accommodated in the cylinder wall, and oiling agent circumferentially and is vertically distributed by the piston ring edge.This cylinder lubrication equipment has for example been described in EP2199549A1.
In another notion of lubricating fitting, a plurality of oiling agent nozzles that can reach the surface by its oiling agent are accommodated in the mobile piston.Therefore possible usually is that oiling agent can roughly be applied to any desired some place in the surperficial total height scope of operation.
Except that the amount and its distribution of lubricant oil, the position of piston in cylinder also is very important for the effectively lubricating of realizing piston unit in the cylinder when introducing.
This position is also described by the so-called crankangle of the bent axle of motor.Because of above-mentioned former thereby strain gets under the situation of more and more littler a small amount of oiling agent, importantly oiling agent is applied to the correct point at the piston place that is in correct piston position in the cylinder particularly.Only thereby can guarantee that in a small amount the utilization of oiling agent is effective as far as possible.
In the notion of the lubricating fitting of the oiling agent nozzle in having mobile piston, oiling agent must be transported to the oiling agent nozzle in long and complicated feeding line, and therefore this feeding line stands tolerance, utilizes crank-connecting rod usually simultaneously.Because of the structure space reason and since cylinder in condition, the valve that is used for the metered lubrication agent only can be arranged on outside the cylinder.Feeding line between valve and the oiling agent nozzle has several meters length, and has structure very complicated in the large-sized diesel motor.The control of valve can very accurately be carried out admittedly, but the delay between the actual introducing of control and oiling agent can not accurately be duplicated and therefore can not accurately be determined in advance.In addition, what can not guarantee in this progress material pipeline is, also in fact arrives the oiling agent nozzle and is introduced in the in check amounts of lubrication in valve place.In the time during actual introducing cylinder and the therefore piston position in the cylinder and the amounts of lubrication of being introduced thereby can not accurately be set with oiling agent.
In the notion of the lubricating fitting with the lubricant aperture that is arranged in cylinder wall, the actual time of introducing oiling agent can very accurately be set.It is fairly simple that oiling agent is supplied to lubricant aperture, thereby can be lubricated the supply of agent about introducing time and introducing amount reproduciblely.Yet in this conception of species, there are the following problems, and piston moves through lubricant aperture with common very high speed.If oiling agent should be applied in the specified point place of piston now, the available so for this reason time is considerably less.This time is so few, so that the possible control accuracy of lubricating fitting is not enough to apply oiling agent reliably and reproduciblely at the predetermined point place of piston.
EP652426A1 has described the cylinder piston unit of the reciprocating piston type combustion engine of the form that is used for being large-sized two-stroke diesel engine.Piston unit comprises the cylinder lubrication device with at least one lubricant aperture in this cylinder.Lubricant aperture is axial arranged, make it in upper dead center (OT) position of piston between upper piston edge and lower piston edge, in the OT position, piston is positioned at top dead center.
Summary of the invention
Under this background, the objective of the invention is to propose a kind of oiling agent Supply Method of piston that is used for the cylinder piston unit of reciprocating piston type combustion engine and is used for the cylinder piston unit of reciprocating piston type combustion engine, this method allows effective lube pistons.
Have the cylinder that is the cylinder sleeve form according to piston unit in the cylinder of the present invention, in described cylinder, piston can move around between upper dead center and lower dead centre along piston axis in the axial direction.Described piston has upper piston edge and lower piston edge, and wherein said upper piston edge is limited by the uppermost point along the direction of outlet valve on the cover surface of described piston.The minimum point of the direction in the so-called lower piston side space that described lower piston edge is oppositely arranged by the edge on described cover surface and described outlet valve limits.The piston of large-sized diesel motor is usually designed to two-part.They have for the so-called piston head of arranging that piston ring is used.So-called piston skirt is screwed onto described piston head along the direction in described lower piston side space.In this case, described lower piston edge is limited by the minimum point of the part of described piston skirt.Described upper dead center is therefore corresponding with the axial position at described upper piston edge, and in described axial position, described piston has the interval apart from described outlet valve minimum.Described lower dead centre is therefore corresponding with the axial position at described upper piston edge, and in described axial position, described piston has apart from the interval of described outlet valve maximum and therefore has apart from the interval of described lower piston side space minimum.
Also have the cylinder lubrication device according to piston unit in the cylinder of the present invention, this cylinder lubrication device has at least one first lubricant aperture that is arranged on the cylinder sleeve.Especially, a plurality of lubricant aperture (for example six to ten, especially eight) are arranged on the periphery of described cylinder sleeve equably at the axial position of described first lubricant aperture.Described cylinder lubrication device is designed so that the oiling agent that is sent to via the oiling agent pipeline can be introduced in the described cylinder sleeve.Oiling agent especially is manufactured to lubricant oil, and can comprise solid lubricant.Described lubricant aperture can be designed and be arranged such that oiling agent can be tangentially or radially introduce in the described cylinder sleeve.Especially, the interior casing wall of described cylinder sleeve can have groove, and oiling agent can be introduced in the described groove and therefore make better oiling agent distribute becomes possibility.Specified groove has axial position identical on whole periphery, perhaps, especially, can form zigzag pattern.
The axial arranged one-tenth of described first lubricant aperture make it in the OT position of piston between upper piston edge and lower piston edge, in described OT position, described piston is positioned at upper dead center (OT) and locates.Especially, described first lubricant aperture is axially located into feasible, in the described OT position of described piston, the interval between described upper piston edge and the described lubricant aperture reach interval between described upper piston edge and the described lower piston edge 35% to 65% between, especially 50%.
At top dead center, the moving direction of described piston is reverse; Before described upper dead center, it moves up along the direction of outlet valve; After described upper dead center, it is mobile along being directed downwards of described lower piston side space.Therefore described piston slows down near described upper dead center the time, and quickens once more after this upper dead center.Therefore described piston has zero velocity at described top dead center; After described before top dead center, only has low-down speed.Especially, being introduced in when described piston is positioned at the OT position or is positioned at before the OT position slightly of oiling agent taken place.Very accurately the oiling agent of amount can be by being arranged in lubricant aperture in the cylinder sleeve and by the described lubricant aperture of axially locating and by the low-down speed of the described piston that is associated with it when introducing oiling agent or the desired locations place that non-existent speed very accurately is applied to described piston according to the present invention.This allows only to introduce very small amount of oiling agent, and this is because oiling agent can be applied directly to the place that needs it, and therefore only considerably less oiling agent keeps not using.
According to the present invention, piston has the circumferential notch that is arranged in as lower area, and in this zone, first lubricant aperture is positioned in the OT position of described piston.Therefore oiling agent can tangentially be injected into cylinder sleeve and do not hindered by described piston, makes especially effectively distributing of oiling agent become possibility.
In embodiments of the present invention, uppermost first piston ring (so-called apical ring) is arranged in the cover surface of piston, and the second other piston ring is arranged between described first piston ring and the described lower piston edge.Especially, described piston has at least one the 3rd piston ring between described first piston ring and described lower piston edge.The axial arranged one-tenth of first lubricant aperture make it in the OT position of described piston between two adjacent piston rings, especially between described first piston ring and described second piston ring after it.Between two piston rings, introduce oiling agent, make oiling agent vertically and even especially along the distribution of peripheral direction.Therefore, can realize special effective lubricating by a spot of oiling agent.Illustrate, when oiling agent is introduced between described first piston ring and described second piston ring after it, can obtain best result.
In embodiments of the present invention, the axial arranged one-tenth of first lubricant aperture make it in the OT position of piston between upper piston edge and first piston ring.Therefore oiling agent can be applied to the following zone of piston, and this zone is connected to the combustion space that is arranged in above this piston in the OT position of piston or under the situation that not hindered by piston ring.Oiling agent therefore can be especially effectively in and the acid that in fuel combustion, occurs, and therefore can prevent the damage of sour countercylinder cover and piston.
In embodiments of the present invention, the storage piston ring with the otch that is used to absorb oiling agent is arranged in the cover surface of piston.Described otch for example is designed to the circumferential groove that radially outward opens wide.Described otch can receive oiling agent and can be during the piston motion and therefore between moving period oiling agent is outputed to the operation surface of cylinder sleeve at the storage piston ring.Especially, described storage piston ring is loaded by spring element (for example annular spring), and this spring pushes described storage piston ring with the power that can limit towards the described operation surface of described cylinder sleeve.In addition, the oiling agent in the described otch can easily be distributed on the periphery of described storage piston ring especially.The axial arranged one-tenth of first lubricant aperture makes it be positioned at the level of described storage piston ring in the described OT position of described piston.Therefore oiling agent can be in the described OT position of described piston or is transported in the described otch of described storage piston ring via described lubricant aperture before described piston just is positioned at described OT position the time.Therefore, can on described operation surface, obtain oiling agent vertically and along the good especially of peripheral direction and distribute uniformly.
In embodiments of the present invention, piston unit has second lubricant aperture that is arranged in cylinder sleeve in the described cylinder, this second lubricant aperture and the axially spaced layout of described first lubricant aperture.Especially, a plurality of lubricant openings (for example six to ten, especially eight) are evenly distributed on the periphery of described cylinder sleeve in identical axial positions.Oiling agent can be sent to described first lubricant aperture and described second lubricant aperture via shared lubricant feed pipeline or via independent lubricant feed pipeline.Via shared lubricant feed pipeline supply of lubricant the time, the zones of different on piston or cylinder operation surface can be via two lubricant aperture by the while lubricant supply.In this respect, the effort that lubricant aperture is supplied is especially little.If described first lubricant aperture and described second lubricant aperture can be via independent oiling agent pipelines and therefore also are supplied oiling agent via the oiling agent pipeline that loads respectively, can obtain oiling agent device especially flexibly so.The location on described piston or described cylinder operation surface can by select described lubricant aperture be supplied oiling agent time point and by direct lubricant supply.Can also be to twice of the same area lubricant supply.
In embodiments of the present invention, the also axial arranged one-tenth of second lubricant aperture make it in the OT position of piston between upper piston edge and lower piston edge.Therefore the advantage of pointing out at first lubricant aperture also is suitable for second lubricant aperture.
In embodiments of the present invention, more lubricant aperture is distributed in the axial positions of first lubricant aperture and second lubricant aperture on the periphery of cylinder sleeve and along peripheral direction and is offset each other.In this respect, especially, lubricant aperture is evenly distributed on the periphery.Six to ten lubricant aperture (especially eight) for example are distributed on the periphery two axial positions.Therefore, can guarantee the oiling agent introduced vertically with the distributing especially uniformly of peripheral direction.
In method according to the oiling agent supply of the piston of the cylinder piston unit that is used for the reciprocating piston type combustion engine of the present invention, carrying out the first time introduces oiling agent in the cylinder sleeve, make the lubricant aperture of winning in the upper piston edge of described piston and the axial positions between the lower piston edge, and make the speed of piston less than 2.5m/s, especially less than 1m/s.Use the method according to this invention, under the situation with the low-down speed of piston or non-existent speed when introducing oiling agent, the oiling agent of point-device amount very accurately can be applied to the desired locations of piston.This allows only to introduce very small amount of oiling agent, and this is because oiling agent can be applied directly to the place that needs it, and therefore only considerably less oiling agent keeps not using.
The reciprocating piston type combustion engine has cylinder sleeve and piston, and this piston has upper piston edge and lower piston edge, and wherein said piston can move around along piston axis between upper dead center and lower dead centre in cylinder sleeve in the axial direction.Described reciprocating piston type combustion engine is specifically designed to two-stroke large diesel engine.Described reciprocating piston type combustion engine has the cylinder lubrication device, and this cylinder lubrication device has at least one first lubricant aperture, and described first lubricant aperture is arranged in the described cylinder sleeve and is designed so that oiling agent can be introduced in this cylinder sleeve.
Depend on the velocity of piston of the axial position of piston can be measured or based on geometrical property (such as stroke) from measured speed calculation.
Velocity of piston can utilize following formula to determine:
Wherein
The angular velocity of ω=bent axle
R=receives the radius (corresponding with half of the stroke of piston) of the track that the crank pin of the bent axle of connecting rod describes
The length of λ .=r/ piston rod.
On the one hand, by selecting the introducing time, the introducing of oiling agent can be subjected to the influence of velocity of piston.Yet introducing should be carried out when lubricant aperture is between upper piston edge and lower piston edge.Because the limited distance between described upper piston edge and the described lower piston edge, the influence of introducing the time may be very little.The axial position of lubricant aperture has much bigger influence to velocity of piston when introducing oiling agent.The position of described lubricant aperture in described cylinder sleeve must be in described cylinder be fixed in the design of piston unit and the structure.Therefore described lubricant aperture must be located such that when introducing oiling agent velocity of piston is positioned under the appointment limit value of relevant speed band of reciprocating piston type combustion engine.The low cruise large-sized diesel motor for example has the approximately top speed of 130r.p.m.
In the mode of execution of the method according to this invention, carry out the first time oiling agent introduced in the cylinder sleeve, make the lubricant aperture of winning at axial position at the top of the cover surface of piston first piston ring with along between the direction at upper piston edge second piston ring adjacent with this first piston ring.When oiling agent being introduced between two piston rings, cause in axial direction and the distributing especially uniformly of the oiling agent of peripheral direction.Therefore can realize special effective lubricating by minor amounts of lubricants.Illustrate, when oiling agent being introduced between first piston ring and second piston ring after it, can obtain best result.
In the mode of execution of the method according to this invention, carrying out the first time introduces oiling agent in the cylinder sleeve, make the lubricant aperture of winning be positioned at axial positions, be positioned at the level place of the storage piston ring of the cover surface that is arranged in piston, and have the otch that is used to receive oiling agent.Therefore oiling agent can be transported in the otch of storage piston ring via lubricant aperture.Therefore can in axial direction and along peripheral direction obtain oiling agent lip-deep good especially and uniform distribution of operation.
In the mode of execution of the method according to this invention,, carry out the second time oiling agent is introduced in the cylinder sleeve via second lubricant aperture except that introducing the oiling agent from first lubricant aperture.Described second lubricant aperture and the axially spaced layout of described first lubricant aperture.Carry out the second time and introduce, make described second lubricant aperture be between upper piston edge and the uppermost first piston ring at axial position.Introduce the oiling agent except that being mainly used in the lubricated first time, the oiling agent of the acid that is used for and occurs in when burning therefore can by means of introduce for the second time be applied to piston as lower area, this zone is being connected to the combustion space that is arranged in above the piston under the situation that not hindered by piston ring.Oiling agent therefore can by means of introduce for the second time special effectively in and the acid that in fuel combustion, occurs, and therefore can prevent sour countercylinder cover and to the destruction of piston.
The axial spacing that is located such that this lubricant aperture and upper piston edge with respect to piston when second lubricant aperture is about 66% the time corresponding to the spacing at uppermost first piston ring and upper piston edge, and introduce the second time that is lubricated agent particularly.
With reference to the following description of mode of execution and with reference to accompanying drawing, can obtain more advantage of the present invention, feature and details, element identical in the accompanying drawings or that have identical function is provided with identical reference character.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the cylinder unit of large-sized two-stroke diesel engine;
Fig. 2 is the piston that is arranged in the cylinder sleeve and has lubricant supply device;
Fig. 3 is the diagram of the layout of lubricant aperture in second mode of execution of lubricant supply device;
Fig. 4 is the diagram of the layout of lubricant aperture in the 3rd mode of execution of lubricant supply device;
Fig. 5 is the diagram of the layout of lubricant aperture in the 4th mode of execution of lubricant supply device;
Fig. 6 is the diagram of the layout of lubricant aperture in the 5th mode of execution of lubricant supply device;
Fig. 7 is the diagram of the layout of lubricant aperture in the 6th mode of execution of lubricant supply device and details with piston of storage piston ring;
Fig. 8 is the diagram in the longitudinal section of the layout of two lubricant aperture in the 7th mode of execution of lubricant supply device; And
Fig. 9 is the diagram of the cross section of the layout of two axially spaced lubricant aperture in the 7th mode of execution of lubricant supply device.
Embodiment
According to Fig. 1, cylinder unit has piston unit 10 in the cylinder, and this unit 10 has cylinder and the piston 12 that is cylinder sleeve 11 forms.Cylinder unit also has fresh air supply system 13.
The cylinder unit of Fig. 1 is a typical devices, such as the large-sized two-stroke diesel motor of way flow scavenging known in the prior art own.
Piston 12 is arranged in the cylinder sleeve 11, can move around along the casing wall 14 of this cylinder sleeve 11.Piston 12 moves back and forth between two rollback points (being upper dead center (OT) and lower dead centre (UT)), and wherein upper dead center (OT) is arranged between lower dead centre (UT) and the outlet valve 16.
Piston 12 comprises piston-ring packing 15, this piston-ring packing here schematically is depicted as only has two piston rings, promptly, uppermost first piston ring 18 and be arranged in second piston ring 19 below the first piston ring 18 with respect to outlet valve 16, uppermost first piston ring 18 also is called as apical ring, and is arranged to the most close outlet valve 16 and therefore also is configured to the most close combustion space 17.
Referring to accompanying drawing, by cylinder head 20 limited boundaries, this cylinder head 20 has nozzle 21 at the top in combustion space 17, fuel can be injected combustion space 17 by means of this nozzle, and this cylinder head 20 also has be illustrated the outlet valve 16 that is shown in an open position in Fig. 1.
Piston 7 is connected to crosshead via piston rod 22 in a manner known way, this crosshead is not shown in Fig. 1, and in large-sized diesel motor operation period, moving back and forth of piston 12 is passed to the bent axle (not shown equally) of large-sized diesel motor from this crosshead.Referring to accompanying drawing, piston rod 22 is guided through lower piston side space 23, for outlet valve 16, the bottom that cylinder sleeve 11 is adjoined in this lower piston side space, and piston rod 22 also is guided through Stuffing box 24, this Stuffing box comes lower piston side space 23 and crankshaft space 25 sealing that is arranged under it, make not by the fresh air shown in the arrow 26 (by same unshowned worm wheel pressure booster under high pressure (for example under the pressure of four bar) be fed to lower piston side space 23) can escape into the crankshaft space 25 from lower piston side space 23.
Details with piston unit 110 in the cylinder of cylinder lubrication device 127 is shown in Figure 2.Piston unit 110 has the suitable structure of piston unit in the cylinder with Fig. 1 10 in the cylinder.Yet, in Fig. 2, only show the relevant parts of the description with cylinder lubrication device 127 of piston unit 110 in the cylinder.
Piston 112 is designed to the piston 112 by cold oil 128 inside coolings, and wherein cold oil 128 is supplied and removed via unshowned supply line.
The piston 112 of piston unit 110 is shown as in Fig. 2 and is in the OT position that piston is positioned at upper dead center (OT) in the cylinder, and in this OT position, and piston therefore also do not move and therefore have a zero velocity in the operation of large-sized diesel motor by moment.In this respect, upper dead center (OT) is relevant with upper piston edge 129.Upper piston edge 129 is limited by the uppermost point along the direction of outlet valve (not shown among Fig. 2) on the cover surface 131 of piston 112.Piston 112 is arranged to and can moves around along the direction of the unshowned lower dead centre of Fig. 2 in the axial direction along piston axis A in cylinder sleeve 111.
Piston 112 is designed to be made of two-part.It comprises so-called piston head 132 and is screwed to so-called piston skirt 133 on the piston head 132 by unshowned screw thread that wherein piston head 132 is arranged in the direction of outlet valve, and piston skirt 133 is arranged in the direction in the unshowned lower piston side of Fig. 2 space.Piston skirt 133 has the cylindrical sleeve surface, and the minimum point on the direction in lower piston side space on this cover surface limits lower piston edge 130.
131 places, cover surface in piston head 132 are furnished with three piston rings: along the uppermost first piston ring 118 of outlet valve direction; Adjacent and along second piston ring 119 of the direction at lower piston edge 130; And it is adjacent with second piston ring 119 and along the 3rd piston ring 134 of the direction at lower piston edge 130.
Time point and amount that control gear 139 mainly assigns to determine to introduce oiling agent according to the operating point and the based on fuel one-tenth of reciprocating piston type combustion engine.
The axial position 143 of lubricant aperture 141 is important for the present invention.Select axial position 143, make lubricant aperture 141 in the OT position of piston shown in Figure 2 112 between the uppermost first piston ring 118 and adjacent second piston ring 119.When piston 112 is positioned at the OT position or just before or after the OT position time, therefore oiling agent can be introduced into via the lubricant aperture 141 between the piston ring 118,119 of two appointments.In this respect, owing to the little or non-existent spacing apart from upper dead center (OT), the speed of piston 112 is very little; Especially less than 1m/s.Therefore oiling agent can be introduced between the piston ring 118,119 of two appointments with big aimed at precision.
When the axial position 143 of described selection lubricant aperture 141, in the OT position of piston 112, the spacing between upper piston edge 129 and the lubricant aperture 141 reaches about 50% of spacing between upper piston edge 129 and the lower piston edge 130.
In the upper area that the directional correlation with outlet valve joins, cylinder sleeve 111 has cooling collar 142, is furnished with the cooling channel (not shown) that freezing mixture flows through in this cooling collar.Cooling collar 142 is used for the cylinder sleeve 111 in the zone in cooling combustion space.Lubricant aperture 141 is arranged in the zone of cooling collar 142.Lubricant aperture also can be arranged in below the cooling collar.
Fig. 3 shows the details of second mode of execution of piston unit in the cylinder.In this embodiment, the axial position 242 of lubricant aperture 241 in cylinder sleeve 211 be selected such that lubricant aperture 241 in OT position shown in the piston 212 between second piston ring 219 and the 3rd piston ring 234, wherein second piston ring 129 is adjacent to be arranged under the first piston ring 218, and the 3rd piston ring 234 is adjacent to be arranged under second piston ring 219.
Fig. 4 shows the details of the 3rd mode of execution of piston unit in the cylinder.Lubricant aperture 141 in the image pattern 2 is such, first lubricant aperture 341 be arranged such that its shown in the OT position of piston 312 between the uppermost first piston ring 318 and adjacent second piston ring 319.Piston 312 has the periphery otch 347 between the first piston ring 318 and second piston ring 319.When otch 347 and first lubricant aperture 341 are positioned on the level, be lubricated the introducing of agent.Therefore can pass piston 312 under unencumbered situation tangentially injects cylinder sleeve 311 to oiling agent.
When being lubricated the introducing of agent between two other piston rings, piston also can have the corresponding periphery otch between these two piston rings.
Fig. 5 shows the details of the 4th mode of execution of piston unit in the cylinder.In this embodiment, in the cylinder sleeve 411 axial position 443 of lubricant aperture 441 be selected such that lubricant aperture 441 in the OT position of piston 412 between upper piston edge 429 and uppermost first piston ring 418.
Fig. 6 shows the details of the 5th mode of execution of piston unit in the cylinder.In this embodiment, the axial position 543 of lubricant aperture 541 is selected such that between the 3rd piston ring 543 and lower piston edge 530 that lubricant aperture 541 is provided with at the most close lower piston edge 530 in OT position shown in the piston 512 in the cylinder sleeve 511.
Fig. 7 shows the details of the 6th mode of execution of piston unit in the cylinder.In this embodiment, the axial position 643 of lubricant aperture 641 in cylinder sleeve 611 is selected such that lubricant aperture 641 is positioned at the level of storage piston ring 619 in OT position shown in the piston 612, and storage piston ring 619 is arranged as three central piston rings in the piston ring.Storage piston ring 619 has the periphery otch 644 that can receive oiling agent.Oiling agent can be transported in the otch 644 of storage piston ring 619 via lubricant aperture 641, so oiling agent can be output and therefore be distributed between piston 612 and further moving period that therefore storing piston ring 619.Storage piston ring 619 is promoted by radially outward by means of the spring type mechanical accumulator of the spring 645 forms in the shape of a spiral direction along cylinder sleeve 611.
Fig. 8 shows the details of the 7th mode of execution of piston unit in the cylinder.In this embodiment, lubricant supply device has two lubricant aperture 741 and 746.Lubricant aperture 141 in the image pattern 2 is such, first lubricant aperture 741 be arranged such that its shown in the OT position of piston 712 between the uppermost first piston ring 718 and adjacent second piston ring 719.Lubricant aperture 241 in the image pattern 3 is such, second lubricant aperture 746 be arranged such that its shown in the OT position of piston 712 between upper piston edge 729 and uppermost first piston ring 718.In this case, therefore second lubricant aperture 746 also is positioned between upper piston edge 729 and the lower piston edge 730.Lubricant aperture 741,761 is independent of via independent lube oil feedstocks pipeline and is supplied oiling agent each other.Therefore can be via introducing oiling agent on 741,761 whiles of two lubricant aperture or time with departing from.
Not only corresponding one first lubricant aperture 741 and second lubricant aperture 746 are set at the periphery of cylinder sleeve 711, and have a plurality of lubricant aperture to be evenly distributed on the periphery.In this respect, among first lubricant aperture and second lubricant aperture are not arranged in each other, but depart from each other along peripheral direction.Corresponding four lubricant aperture 741,761 being distributed among Fig. 9 on periphery illustrates with the cross section of cylinder sleeve 711 at the level place of second lubricant aperture 746.First lubricant aperture 741 is by shown in broken lines, and second lubricant aperture 746 is illustrated with solid line.First lubricant aperture 741 is respectively to arrange at an angle of 90 each other.This forms corresponding 45 equally also applicable to second lubricant aperture 746 between first lubricant aperture 741 and second lubricant aperture 746.
By what the described layout of lubricant aperture 141,241,341,441,541,641,741 and 746 was guaranteed be, under the possible rotating speed of the institute of reciprocating piston type combustion engine, when introducing oiling agent, piston 112,212,312,412,512,612 and 712 speed is reliably less than 1m/s, and therefore also less than 2.5m/s.The structural design that depends on the reciprocating piston type combustion engine, especially with respect to stroke and with respect to the structural design of crankshaft designs, when lubricant aperture is arranged such that it in the OT position of piston not between upper piston edge and lower piston edge the time, the velocity constraint of appointment also can be observed under all rotating speeds.It also is possible carrying out the method according to this invention in this case.
Claims (14)
1. cylinder piston unit that is used for the reciprocating piston type combustion engine, described reciprocating piston type combustion engine is large-sized two-stroke diesel engine especially, and piston unit has in the described cylinder:
Cylinder sleeve (11,111,211,311,411,511,611,711) and piston (12,112,212,312,412,512,612,712), described piston has upper piston edge (129,429,729) and lower piston edge (130,530,730), wherein said piston (12,112,212,312,412,512,612,712) being arranged to can be at described cylinder sleeve (11,111,211,311,411,511,611,711) between upper dead center (OT) and lower dead centre (UT), move around in the axial direction in along piston axis (A); And
Cylinder lubrication device (127), described cylinder lubrication device have at least one first lubricant aperture (141,241,341,441,541,641,741), described first lubricant aperture is arranged in cylinder sleeve (11,111,211,311,411,511,611,711) in and be designed so that oiling agent can be introduced into described cylinder sleeve (11,111,211,311,411,511,611,711)
Wherein, described first lubricant aperture (141,241,341,441,541,641,741) axial arranged one-tenth makes it at described piston (12,112,212,312,412,512,612,712) upper dead center position is positioned at described upper piston edge (129,429,729) and between described lower piston edge (130,530,730), at described upper dead center position, described piston (12,112,212,312,412,512,612,712) being positioned at described upper dead center (OT) locates
Piston unit is characterised in that in the described cylinder,
Described piston (312) has periphery otch (347) as lower area, described zone is the zone at described first lubricant aperture of the described upper dead center position of described piston (312) (341) place.
2. piston unit in the cylinder according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described first lubricant aperture (141,241,341,641,741) axially locating becomes to make at described piston (12,112,212,312,612,712) in the described upper dead center position, described upper piston edge (129,729) and described first lubricant aperture (141,241,341,641,741) spacing between reaches described upper piston edge (129,729) and the spacing between the described lower piston edge (130,730) 35% to 65%, especially 50%.
3. piston unit in the cylinder according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that,
At described piston (12,112,712) uppermost first piston ring (18 is located to be furnished with in cover surface (131), 118,718), and between described first piston ring (18,118,718) and described lower piston edge (129,729) be furnished with second piston ring (19,119,719), and the axial arranged one-tenth of described first lubricant aperture (141,741) make it at described piston (12,112,712) described upper dead center position is positioned at described first piston ring (18,118,718) and described second piston ring (19,119,719) between.
4. piston unit in the cylinder according to claim 3 is characterized in that,
At described piston (12,112,212,312,712) the 3rd piston ring (134,234) is located to be furnished with in described cover surface (131), and the axial arranged one-tenth of described first lubricant aperture (141,241,741) makes it at described piston (12,212,312,112,512) described upper dead center position is positioned at two adjacent piston rings (18,118,219,318,718; 19,119,234,319,719) between.
5. piston unit in the cylinder according to claim 4 is characterized in that,
Described the 3rd piston ring (134) is arranged in described second piston ring (19,119,319,719) and between the described lower piston edge (129,729), and described first lubricant aperture (141,341,741) axial arranged one-tenth makes it at described piston (12,112,312,512) described upper dead center position is positioned at described first piston ring (18,118,318,718) and described second piston ring (19,119,319,719) between.
6. piston unit in the cylinder according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that,
The axial arranged one-tenth of described first lubricant aperture (441) makes its described upper dead center position at described piston (412) be positioned between described upper piston edge (429) and the described first piston ring (418).
7. piston unit in the cylinder according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that,
Locate to be furnished with storage piston ring (619) at described piston (612), this storage piston ring has the otch (644) that is used to receive oiling agent, and the axial arranged one-tenth of described first lubricant aperture (641) makes its described upper dead center position at described piston (612) be positioned at the level place of described storage piston ring (619).
8. according to piston unit in each the described cylinder in the aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that,
Comprise second lubricant aperture (746) in the described cylinder sleeve (711), this second lubricant aperture is arranged to described first lubricant aperture (741) axially spaced.
9. piston unit in the cylinder according to claim 8 is characterized in that,
The axial arranged one-tenth of described second lubricant aperture (746) makes its described upper dead center position at described piston (712) be positioned between described upper piston edge (729) and the described lower piston edge (730).
10. piston unit according to Claim 8 or in the 9 described cylinders is characterized in that,
Axial positions in described first lubricant aperture (741) and described second lubricant aperture (746), on the periphery of described cylinder sleeve (711), be distributed with other lubricant aperture, and described other lubricant aperture is arranged to relative to each other depart from along peripheral direction.
11. the oiling agent Supply Method of the piston of a cylinder piston unit that is used for the reciprocating piston type combustion engine, described reciprocating piston type combustion engine is the large-sized two-stroke diesel engine machine especially, and piston unit has in the described cylinder:
Cylinder sleeve (11,111,211,311,411,511,611,711) and piston (12,112,212,312,412,512,612,712), described piston has upper piston edge (129,429,729) and lower piston edge (130,530,730), wherein said piston (12,112,212,312,412,512,612,712) being arranged to can be at described cylinder sleeve (11,111,211,311,411,511,611,711) between upper dead center (OT) and lower dead centre (UT), move around in the axial direction in along piston axis (A); And
Cylinder lubrication device (127), described cylinder lubrication device have at least one first lubricant aperture (141,241,341,441,541,641,741), described first lubricant aperture is arranged in described cylinder sleeve (11,111,211,311,411,511,611,711) in and be designed so that oiling agent can be introduced into described cylinder sleeve (11,111,211,311,411,511,611,711) in
Wherein, carry out the first time oiling agent is introduced described cylinder sleeve (11,111,211,311,411,511,611,711), make described first lubricant aperture (141,241,341,441,541,641,741) be positioned at described upper piston edge (129,429,729) and described lower piston edge (130,530,730) axial position between (143,243,343,443,543,643) locate, and described piston (12,112,212,312,412,512,612,712) speed is less than 2.5m/s, especially less than 1m/s.
12. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that,
Carry out the described first time oiling agent is introduced described cylinder sleeve (11,111,311,711), make described first lubricant aperture (141,341,741) be positioned at uppermost first piston ring (18,118,318,718) and second piston ring (19,119,319,719) axial position (143 between, 343) locate, described uppermost first piston ring is arranged in described piston (12,112,312,712) cover surface (131) is located, described second piston ring is along the direction and the described first piston ring (18,118 at described lower piston edge (130,730), 318,718) adjacent.
13. method according to claim 11 is characterized in that,
Carry out the described first time oiling agent is introduced described cylinder sleeve (611), make described first lubricant aperture (641) be positioned to be in the axial position (643) at level place of storage piston ring (619) to be located, described storage piston ring is arranged in the described cover surface (631) of described piston (612) and locates, and has the otch (644) that is used to receive oiling agent.
14. according to claim 11,12 or 13 described methods, it is characterized in that,
Except carry out the oiling agent introducing first time from described first lubricant aperture (741), also carry out the second time oiling agent is introduced described cylinder sleeve (711) via second lubricant aperture (746), described second lubricant aperture is arranged to described first lubricant aperture (741) axially spaced, and carries out introducing for the second time making described second lubricant aperture (746) be positioned at the axial positions between described upper piston edge (729) and the described uppermost first piston ring (718).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP12153003 | 2012-01-30 | ||
| EP12153003.4 | 2012-01-30 |
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| CN103225527A true CN103225527A (en) | 2013-07-31 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2013100312085A Pending CN103225527A (en) | 2012-01-30 | 2013-01-28 | A piston-cylinder unit and a method for supplying lubricant to a piston of the piston-cylinder unit |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2620607B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2013155740A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20130088076A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103225527A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103628948A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-03-12 | 北京理工大学 | Jet lubrication device for free piston type internal combustion engine generator |
| CN103628945A (en) * | 2013-11-04 | 2014-03-12 | 北京理工大学 | Differential pressure type lubricating device for free piston type internal combustion engine generator |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113250782B (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2022-11-29 | 长沙光华航空科技有限公司 | Engine |
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| CN103628948A (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2014-03-12 | 北京理工大学 | Jet lubrication device for free piston type internal combustion engine generator |
| CN103628948B (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2015-11-18 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of free piston IC generator jet lubrication device |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2620607A1 (en) | 2013-07-31 |
| KR20130088076A (en) | 2013-08-07 |
| EP2620607B1 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
| JP2013155740A (en) | 2013-08-15 |
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