CN103210756A - High-yield planting method of simultaneously ripe five-spike ricinus communis - Google Patents
High-yield planting method of simultaneously ripe five-spike ricinus communis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-yield planting method of simultaneously ripe five-spike ricinus communis, solving the problems of low acre yield, simultaneously ripe recovery failure, difficult mechanical harvesting and the like of the existing ricinus communis planting method. At first, organic fertilizer and ternary compound fertilizer are applied; next, seeds are sowed; when growing out three to four main leaves, each seedling is fixed; when each seedling grows out five to six main leaves, a terminal bud is removed, and five main leaves are kept; moreover, paclobutrazol is sprayed onto the seedlings; when four to five class-one branch spikes of each seedling grow out flower buds, the intertillage ditching is performed at the flowering stage; furthermore, topdressing carbamide and diammonium phosphate are applied; after seven to ten days since pollination on all class-one branches of the ricinus communis seedlings, a chemical solution formed by blending pidine, 83% of maleic hydrazide, washing powder and water is sprayed onto the ricinus communis seedlings; and finally, when 80% to 85% of fruit in the ricinus communis plant is in dark brown, the fruit can be picked and harvested. With the adoption of the planting method provided by the invention, the simultaneously ripe harvesting is realized; the acre yield, the grain weight and the oil ratio are improved; and the mechanical harvesting can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the proportion of crop planting field, relate to a kind of castor-oil plant high-yield planting method that promotes precocity, disposable maturation, adapts to mechanized harvest, specifically is a kind of once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods.
Background technology
Castor-oil plant is that a kind of purposes is many, the less demanding crop of planting conditions, because kind in the past is not good, yield poorly, planting technology falls behind, plantation can not form scale, generally all be to utilize on soil, corner or the dykes and dams slope or crowded behind the house kind the before the room, therefore the total output of Chinese castor-oil plant is very low, causes the castor-oil plant shortage that processes raw material, main dependence on import.
The high stalk castor-oil plant kind of existing plantation, every mu of plantation 600-800 strain, plant strain growth is tall and big, general plant height is a 1.8-2.5 rice, and two, three grades of branches are many, the branches and leaves overgrowing, it is prosperous to nourish and grow, and nutrition too disperses, and it is not full to set seeds, oil content is low, per mu yield is not high, and the branch maturing stage at different levels is inconsistent, can not disposablely gather, be difficult for carrying out mechanical harvest, the results cost of labor is than higher.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is that existing method for cultivating castor-oil plant per mu yield is low in order to solve, branch's at different levels maturing stage inconsistently causes can not disposablely gathering, be difficult for to carry out problem such as mechanical harvest, and provides a kind of once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods.This method is a kind of high-yield culture technique that promotes that reproductive growth, reduction plant height are nourished and grown, concentrated in the disposable maturation of castor-oil plant, control.After adopting the inventive method plantation castor-oil plant, every strain castor-oil plant is only received five castor-oil plant fringes, and it is heavy to increase seed, improves the oil content of castor bean seed, has reduced plant height, increases output, realizes disposable results, satisfies the condition of mechanical harvest.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
A kind of once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods comprise the steps:
(a) sow at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April when ground temperature is 10-12 ℃, prior to seeding in conjunction with plowing first organic fertilizer 2-3m
3/ mu, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30-40kg/ mu (compound fertilizer that three elements complex fertilizer is produced with regard to being meant phosphorus, phosphorus, three kinds of elements of potassium to mix granulation), carry out deep placement during fertilising, apply fertilizer and finish the back covering with plastic film and carry out the sowing of castor-oil plant seed, every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, seed level 5-6cm adopt line-spacing 70-80cm, spacing in the rows 60cm;
(b) castor-oil plant went out seedling in after planting 12-15 days, and seedling shows the row back and in time sprays decis (decis: a kind of efficient, low toxicity, low-residual, the novel pesticide that insecticidal spectrum is wide and the longevity of residure is long), pest control (for example cutworm insect pest etc.); After seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, carry out final singling, one strain of every cave, and intertill, weeding and ridging, keep no weeds not have lodging;
(c) when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet true leaf, the manual removal top heart stays 5 true leaves; After all having beaten the top heart, growth for the lateral bud that promotes the castor-oil plant seedling, spray one time paclobutrazol, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 50PPM, the dosage on every mu of ground is 15kg, every mu ground sprays 15kg paclobutrazol (paclobutrazol: be chemical agent, after it is converted water rice shoot is sprayed that is:, can stop rice shoot apical growth advantage, promote lateral bud (tillering) to grow; The agriculture using value of paclobutrazol is its control effect to plant growth.Have the plant growing of delaying, suppress the cane elongation, shorten internode, promote that plant tillers, promotes flower bud differentiation, increase the plant stress-resistance performance, improve effects such as output);
(d) budding when blooming when 4-5 one-level branched ear of castor-oil plant young plant, intertillage, trench digging, spraying fertilizer urea 10kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 3-5kg/ mu, and in conjunction with watering once;
(e) when the one-level branch of castor-oil plant young plant after all pollination is finished 7-10 days, spray the growth regulating soup one time; (have another name called mepiquat chloride, be a kind of plant growth regulator of low toxicity to the growth regulating soup by the pyridine of first croak.Major function is to suppress the growth of young plant stem, it not only has inhibitory action to the height of young plant, reduce top fruit branch number, and the cross growth of young plant fruit branch also there is inhibitory action), 83% maleic hydrazide (is a kind of bud agent that presses down, can enter plant by the blade face cuticula, reduce photosynthesis, osmotic pressure and transpiration, the growth of inhibition bud that can be strong), washing powder (main effect is to improve the adhesive force of soup on the young plant blade face) and water are blent and are formed, every mu of ground sprays the consumption of forming each raw material of growth regulating soup and is: the pyridine of 2-3 gram first croak, 15 milliliter 83% maleic hydrazide (maleic hydrazide concentration is 83%), 1-2g washing powder is converted the water of 30-40kg; In order to the internode elongation and the lateral bud growth of control castor-oil plant young plant, finally control the castor-oil plant plant height in the scope of 1.1-1.4m;
(f) when the fruit of 80-85% on the castor-oil plant young plant is dark brown, can pluck fruit or, dry threshing, seed warehouse-in preservation with the disposable results of castor-oil plant harvest machinery.
Further, the present invention plants and selects the strong castor-oil plant seed of branch capability as the plantation seed in the method step (a).Because have only the strong castor-oil plant kind of branch principal stresses, the growth fast of its cotyledon and first and second axil bud, synchronous with top blade axillalry bud.
Plant breeding hybridized castor " through doing castor-oil plant No. 10 " the conduct plantation seed of selecting Shanxi Jingzuo Castor-Oil Plant Science And Technology Co., Ltd's seed selection in the method step (a) in the present invention, the breeding hybridized castor of " through doing castor-oil plant No. 10 " has superpower branch capability, the per mu yield height of this seed, set seeds full, oil content is high.
The present invention has simple, the convenient management of kind of method for planting, control nourishes and grows, concentrates reproductive growth, the excision top heart to reduce plant height in planting process, every strain castor-oil plant is only received five castor-oil plant fringes, make castor-oil plant output improve, seed is fuller, kernel weight increases, improve seed material oil content, reach the advantage and the effect of disposable ripe results, and can realize mechanized harvest.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
2011,12 mu of Shanxi province Taiyuan city Qingxu County Xi Huaiyuancun plantation castor-oil plants, that wherein adopts the once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods plantation of the present invention had 8 mu, and that adopts the conventional method plantation has 4 mu.Wherein, selected castor-oil plant seed is the strong castor-oil plant seed of branch capability, has selected the breeding hybridized castor " through doing castor-oil plant No. 10 " of Shanxi Jingzuo Castor-Oil Plant Science And Technology Co., Ltd's seed selection when specifically implementing for use.
When adopting the once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods of the present invention to plant, specifically comprise the steps:
(a) select the strong castor-oil plant seed of branch capability as the plantation seed, April 5 the pouring soil, April 16 organic fertilizer 2.5 m
3(N:P:K, 15-15-10) 30kg/ mu carry out deep placement during fertilising, the covering with plastic film that finishes applies fertilizer for/mu, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium; April 25 was sowed, and when ground temperature was 12 ℃ at that time, every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, seed level 5cm adopted line-spacing 80cm, spacing in the rows 60cm;
(b) castor-oil plant after planting 15 days, go out seedling when being May 10, seedling shows the row back and in time sprays a decis, pest control; After seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, carry out final singling, one strain of every cave, and intertill, weeding and ridging, keep no weeds not have lodging;
(c) June 15, the manual removal top heart stayed 5 true leaves when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet true leaf; After all having beaten the top heart, for the growth of the lateral bud that promotes the castor-oil plant seedling, spray one time paclobutrazol, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 50PPM, every mu dosage be 15kg;
(d) buddingged when blooming when 4-5 one-level branched ear of castor-oil plant seedling July 10, intertillage, trench digging, spraying fertilizer urea 10kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 4kg/ mu, and pouring horse race water once (bleeds off after promptly irritating a water at once; When the limit, field begins to turn white, irritate water again one time, the mode that bleeds off again.It is wet to keep the field to do like this, based on wet, can guarantee the demand of late plant to moisture, can guarantee the needs of root system to air again);
(e) August 10,, spray the growth regulating soup one time when the one-level branch of castor-oil plant seedling after all pollination is finished 7 days; The growth regulating soup is blent by the pyridine of first croak, 83% maleic hydrazide, washing powder and water and is formed, and every mu of ground sprays the consumption of forming each raw material of growth regulating soup and is: 3 gram first croak pyridines, 15 milliliter 83% maleic hydrazide, 1g washing powder, convert the water of 35kg; In order to the internode elongation and the lateral bud growth of control castor-oil plant seedling, finally control the castor-oil plant plant height in the scope of 1.1-1.4m;
(f) about September 18 when the fruit of 80-85% on the castor-oil plant seedling is dark brown the disposable results of available castor-oil plant harvest machinery, dry threshing, September 20 warehouse-in is preserved.
And 4 mu of castor-oil plants of adopting the conventional method plantation, after August stem fringe on the 25th maturation, results once, airing.Once gather in the crops airing, threshing on October 20 warehouse-in after first frost October 5.
Carried out the output accounting at last, the result is as follows:
Conclusion is as follows:
Adopt the present invention to plant the castor-oil plant of method for planting plantation, on average reduced by 66 centimetres of plant heights, though ripe number and capsule number have reduced, 100-grain weight has increased by 4.5 grams, and per mu yield has increased by 38.3 kilograms, and amount of increase in production has reached 18.8%, and has realized once results.And the castor-oil plant of employing conventional method plantation, when the stem fringe was ripe, results were once gathered in the crops once after the last second branch maturation again.
Embodiment 2
2012, adopt the present invention to plant 150 mu of concrete method for planting of planting of method for planting plantation castor-oil plant in Yi Li Xinyuan County, Xinjiang and comprise the steps:
(a) select the strong castor-oil plant seed of branch capability as the plantation seed, April 24 organic fertilizer 3 m
3(N:P:K, 15-15-10) 35kg/ mu carry out deep placement during fertilising, the covering with plastic film that finishes applies fertilizer for/mu, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium; May 2 was sowed, and when ground temperature was 10 ℃ at that time, every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, seed level 5.5cm adopted line-spacing 70cm, spacing in the rows 60cm, after sowing is finished, sprayed Acetochlor;
(b) castor-oil plant after planting 18 days, go out seedling when being May 20, seedling shows the row back and in time sprays a decis, pest control; After seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, carry out final singling, one strain of every cave, and intertill, weeding and ridging, keep no weeds not have lodging;
(c) June 21, the manual removal top heart stayed 5 true leaves when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet true leaf; After all having beaten the top heart, for the growth of the lateral bud that promotes the castor-oil plant seedling, spray one time paclobutrazol, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 50PPM, every mu dosage for 15kg;
(d) buddingged when blooming when 4-5 one-level branched ear of castor-oil plant seedling July 18, intertillage, trench digging, spraying fertilizer urea 10kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 4kg/ mu, and in conjunction with watering once;
(e) August 20,, spray the growth regulating soup one time when the one-level branch of castor-oil plant seedling after all pollination is finished 10 days; The growth regulating soup is blent by the pyridine of first croak, 83% maleic hydrazide, washing powder and water and is formed, and every mu of ground sprays the consumption of forming each raw material of growth regulating soup and is: 2 gram first croak pyridines, 15 milliliter 83% maleic hydrazide, 2g washing powder, convert the water of 30kg; In order to the internode elongation and the lateral bud growth of control castor-oil plant seedling, finally control the castor-oil plant plant height in the scope of 1.1-1.4m;
(f) when the fruit of 80-85% on the castor-oil plant seedling is dark brown, can pluck September 30 really, dry, threshing on October 10 warehouse-in, results are finished.
Adopt the present invention to plant the castor-oil plant of method for planting plantation, average plant height is 140 centimetres, 72 centimetres have been reduced than normal plant height, though ripe number and capsule number have reduced, 100-grain weight has increased by 5.4 grams, and per mu yield has reached 346.2 kilograms, than 41.6 kilograms of same kind conventional method volume increase, amount of increase in production has reached 13.7%, and has realized that castor-oil plant machinery once gathers in the crops, and has obtained liking of peasant.And the castor-oil plant of adopting conventional method to plant, when the stem fringe was ripe, artificial results were once manually gathered in the crops once after the last second branch maturation again, greatly reduced artificial results cost.
Embodiment 3
2012, adopt the present invention to plant 30 mu of method for planting plantation castor-oil plants at Shanxi province Taiyuan city Qingxu County Xi Huaiyuancun, specifically plant method for planting and comprise the steps:
(a) select common castor-oil plant seed as the plantation seed, April 20 organic fertilizer 2 m
3(N:P:K, 15-15-10) 40kg/ mu carry out deep placement during fertilising, the covering with plastic film that finishes applies fertilizer for/mu, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium; April 30 was sowed, and when ground temperature was 11 ℃ at that time, every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, seed level 6cm adopted line-spacing 75cm, spacing in the rows 60cm;
(b) castor-oil plant after planting 12 days, go out seedling when being May 12, seedling shows the row back and in time sprays a decis, pest control; After seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, carry out final singling, one strain of every cave, and intertill, weeding and ridging, keep no weeds not have lodging;
(c) June 20, the manual removal top heart stayed 5 true leaves when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet true leaf; After all having beaten the top heart, for the growth of the lateral bud of promotion castor-oil plant seedling, spray one time paclobutrazol, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 50PPM, and the dosage on every mu of ground is 15kg;
(d) buddingged when blooming when 4-5 one-level branched ear of castor-oil plant seedling July 15, intertillage, trench digging, spraying fertilizer urea 10kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 3kg/ mu, and in conjunction with watering once;
(e) August 20,, spray the growth regulating soup one time when the one-level branch of castor-oil plant seedling after all pollination is finished 9 days; The growth regulating soup is blent by the pyridine of first croak, 83% maleic hydrazide, washing powder and water and is formed, and every mu of ground sprays the consumption of forming each raw material of growth regulating soup and is: 2.5 gram first croak pyridines, 15 milliliter 83% maleic hydrazide, 1.5g washing powder, convert the water of 40kg; In order to the internode elongation and the lateral bud growth of control castor-oil plant seedling, finally control the castor-oil plant plant height in the scope of 1.1-1.4m;
(f) October 1 the disposable results of available castor-oil plant harvest machinery when the fruit of 80-85% on the castor-oil plant seedling is dark brown, dry threshing, October 6 warehouse-in is preserved.
Adopt the present invention to plant the castor-oil plant of method for planting plantation, average plant height is 115 centimetres, 85 centimetres have been reduced than normal plant height, though ripe number and capsule number have reduced, but 100-grain weight has increased by 4.8 grams, and per mu yield has reached 250.6 kilograms, than 40.5 kilograms of same kind conventional method volume increase, and realized that castor-oil plant machinery once gathers in the crops, obtained liking of peasant.And the castor-oil plant of adopting conventional method to plant, when the stem fringe was ripe, artificial results were once manually gathered in the crops once after the last second branch maturation again, greatly reduced artificial results cost.
Claims (3)
1. once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(a) sow at the beginning of 5 months by the end of April when ground temperature is 10-12 ℃, prior to seeding in conjunction with plowing first organic fertilizer 2-3m
3/ mu, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 30-40kg/ mu carry out deep placement during fertilising, apply fertilizer to finish the back covering with plastic film and carry out the sowing of castor-oil plant seed, and every bunch planting 1-2 grain seed, seed level 5-6cm adopt line-spacing 70-80cm, spacing in the rows 60cm;
(b) castor-oil plant went out seedling in after planting 12-18 days, and seedling shows the row back and in time sprays a decis, pest control; After seedling grows 3-4 sheet true leaf, carry out final singling, one strain of every cave, and intertill, weeding and ridging, keep no weeds not have lodging;
(c) when seedling grows to 5-6 sheet true leaf, the manual removal top heart stays 5 true leaves; After all having beaten the top heart, for the growth of the lateral bud of promotion castor-oil plant seedling, spray one time paclobutrazol, the concentration of paclobutrazol is 50PPM, and the dosage on every mu of ground is 15kg;
(d) budding when blooming when 4-5 one-level branched ear of castor-oil plant seedling, intertillage, trench digging, spraying fertilizer urea 10kg/ mu, diammonium phosphate 3-5kg/ mu, and in conjunction with watering once;
(e) when the one-level branch of castor-oil plant seedling after all pollination is finished 7-10 days, spray the growth regulating soup one time; The growth regulating soup is blent by the pyridine of first croak, 83% maleic hydrazide, washing powder and water and is formed, and every mu of ground sprays the consumption of forming each raw material of growth regulating soup and is: the pyridine of 2-3 gram first croak, 15 milliliter 83% maleic hydrazide, 1-2g washing powder, convert the water of 30-40kg; Internode elongation and lateral bud growth in order to control castor-oil plant seedling;
(f) when the fruit of 80-85% on the castor-oil plant seedling is dark brown, can pluck fruit or, dry threshing, seed warehouse-in preservation with the disposable results of castor-oil plant harvest machinery.
2. once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods according to claim 1 is characterized in that: select the strong castor-oil plant seed of branch capability as the plantation seed in step (a).
3. once sexually matured five fringe castor-oil plant high-yield planting methods according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: the breeding hybridized castor " through doing castor-oil plant No. 10 " of selecting Shanxi Jingzuo Castor-Oil Plant Science And Technology Co., Ltd's seed selection in step (a) is as the plantation seed.
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Cited By (2)
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| CN108575501A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-28 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of castor-oil plant cuts a method for toothing regeneration Multiple harvests |
| CN108575594A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-28 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of method for cultivating castor-oil plant of suitable mechanized harvest |
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| CN108575501A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-09-28 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of castor-oil plant cuts a method for toothing regeneration Multiple harvests |
| CN108575594A (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-09-28 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | A kind of method for cultivating castor-oil plant of suitable mechanized harvest |
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Owner name: SHANXI ZHONGZE HENGYUAN BIO-TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD. Free format text: FORMER OWNER: SHANXI JINZUO CASTOR-OIL PLANT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LTD. Effective date: 20150113 |
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Effective date of registration: 20150113 Address after: 030006 room 1902B, 9 science and Technology Street, hi tech Zone, Shanxi, Taiyuan Patentee after: Shanxi Hengyuan Ze Biotechnology Co. Ltd. Address before: 420, room 280, block A, Changzhi Road, Taiyuan hi tech Development Zone, Shanxi 030006, China Patentee before: Shanxi Huifeng Machine Industry Co., Ltd. |