CN103210244B - 动力传动系 - Google Patents

动力传动系 Download PDF

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CN103210244B
CN103210244B CN201180040598.1A CN201180040598A CN103210244B CN 103210244 B CN103210244 B CN 103210244B CN 201180040598 A CN201180040598 A CN 201180040598A CN 103210244 B CN103210244 B CN 103210244B
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pump
pwtn
freewheel
power transmission
transmission shaft
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CN103210244A (zh
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A·格茨
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H37/00—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00
    • F16H37/02—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings
    • F16H37/06—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts
    • F16H37/065—Combinations of mechanical gearings, not provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00 comprising essentially only toothed or friction gearings with a plurality of driving or driven shafts; with arrangements for dividing torque between two or more intermediate shafts with a plurality of driving or driven shafts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/383—One-way clutches or freewheel devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/26—Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles characterised by arrangement, location, of type of freewheel device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K6/485—Motor-assist type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D41/00—Freewheels or freewheel clutches
    • F16D41/06—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface
    • F16D41/08—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action
    • F16D41/086—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action the intermediate members being of circular cross-section and wedging by rolling
    • F16D41/088—Freewheels or freewheel clutches with intermediate wedging coupling members between an inner and an outer surface with provision for altering the freewheeling action the intermediate members being of circular cross-section and wedging by rolling the intermediate members being of only one size and wedging by a movement not having an axial component, between inner and outer races, one of which is cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D47/00—Systems of clutches, or clutches and couplings, comprising devices of types grouped under at least two of the preceding guide headings
    • F16D47/04—Systems of clutches, or clutches and couplings, comprising devices of types grouped under at least two of the preceding guide headings of which at least one is a freewheel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/0021—Generation or control of line pressure
    • F16H61/0025—Supply of control fluid; Pumps therefore
    • F16H61/0028—Supply of control fluid; Pumps therefore using a single pump driven by different power sources
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/262—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators the motor or generator are used as clutch, e.g. between engine and driveshaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K2025/005—Auxiliary drives driven by electric motors forming part of the propulsion unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/04—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating
    • F16H57/0434—Features relating to lubrication or cooling or heating relating to lubrication supply, e.g. pumps ; Pressure control
    • F16H57/0436—Pumps
    • F16H57/0439—Pumps using multiple pumps with different power sources or a single pump with different power sources, e.g. one and the same pump may selectively be driven by either the engine or an electric motor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19014—Plural prime movers selectively coupled to common output

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Arrangement Of Transmissions (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • One-Way And Automatic Clutches, And Combinations Of Different Clutches (AREA)
  • Control Of Transmission Device (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于汽车的动力传动系，特别是用于混合动力汽车，具有一个可与内燃机连接的传动轴和一个可通过特别是可转换的自由轮机构与传动轴联接的泵，特别是变速器油泵。此外设置一个电机用来驱动所述泵。根据本发明，电机在能量流方向串联地设置在传动轴和泵之间并且在能量流方向与自由轮机构并联地设置。这使得可以节省第二个自由轮机构，从而减小动力传动系的结构空间。

Description

动力传动系
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于汽车的动力传动系，借助于该动力传动系可以使驱动装置的转矩传递到汽车变速器以及泵上，尤其是用于汽车变速器的液压供给的变速器油泵。
背景技术
由文献WO 2006/012995 A1公开了一种动力传动系，在该动力传动系中一个内燃机与一个传动轴连接，其中，所述传动轴可通过一个第一自由轮机构与变速器油泵的一个泵轴联接。一个电机通过一个第二自由轮机构可与变速器油泵的所述泵轴联接。根据内燃机或者电机是否为泵轴提供更高的转速的情况而定，通过自由轮机构或者将内燃机或者将电机与泵轴联接，从而使得可以通过变速器油泵确保汽车变速器足够的供油。
在这种动力传动系中缺点是，变速器油泵的结构的连接要求相对高的结构空间需求并且动力传动系的能量效率还不足够。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供一种用于汽车的动力传动系，借助于该动力传动系可以结构简单地连接一个泵，尤其是变速器油泵。尤其地，本发明的任务是提高动力传动系的电机的应用可能性和/或改善动力传动系的能量效率。
根据本发明，该目的通过权利要求1的特征实现。本发明的优选结构方案在从属权利要求中给出。
根据本发明的、用于汽车的、尤其是用于混合动力汽车的动力传动系具有一个可与内燃机连接的传动轴和一个可通过一个尤其是可转换的自由轮机构与传动轴联接的泵，尤其是变速器油泵。此外，设置一个用于驱动所述泵的电机。根据本发明，电机在能量流方向上串联地设置在传动轴和泵之间并且在能量流方向上与自由轮机构并联地设置。
通过在传动轴和泵之间并联于自由轮机构地设置电机，可以只从内燃机经过自由轮机构实现能量流，只经过电机实现能量流或者既经过内燃机又经过电机实 现能量流。这实现了，尤其在具有自动启停机制的汽车中，根据工作情况将泵转速最优地并且功率最优地连接到传动轴上。附加地，动力传动系的能量效率可以通过泵转速的可变适配被改善。不必要的是，通过分别一个单独的自由轮机构将内燃机和电机连接在传动轴上，从而使得可以通过节省第二个并联连接的自由轮机构减小动力传动系的结构空间要求。此外可行的是，纯电动地驱动泵，例如在关闭内燃机时，其中，自由轮机构在这种工作状况中滚动并且中断在电机旁经过的在内燃机和泵之间的能量流。在纯机械的运行时，即当不向电机供电时，自由轮机构可以锁止并且经过自由轮机构提供能量流。在这种工作状况中，电机的转子和定子可以以基本上相同的转速一起旋转，从而使得既不从电机输出功率也不通过电机吸收功率。附加地，可进行增强运行，在该增强运行中，对内燃机附加地，电机也可以传递功率到泵上。在这种工作状况中，该工作状况可以例如在内燃机的低转速时或者在怠速运转时被使用，电机的定子可以以传动轴的转速一起旋转并且通过输出的电功率导致与泵连接的泵轴的额外的提高，泵轴与电机的转子联接。由于泵也可以在内燃机提供的一个较低的转速时被以一个相对较高的转速加载，泵可以相应地更小地被确定尺寸并且借助于提高的转速提供需要的体积流量。这实现了，制造更小的、更紧凑的泵，使得对于动力传动系需要更小的结构空间。
在一个优选实施例中，在能量流方向上与自由轮机构串联地并且在能量流方向上与电机并联地设置一个转换元件，尤其是离心式离合器。通过该离心式离合器在自由轮机构锁止时，即在机械的能量流中从内燃机流向泵时，实现在达到一定的极限转速时中断能量流。通过这种方式阻止无意地以一个过高的转速加载泵，该过高的转速例如可导致泵的损坏或者泵的不必要地高的磨损。尤其可能的是，在一个通过内燃机提供的、特别高的转速时，避免泵的不必要地高的体积流量。通过这种方式确保泵只泵送需要的体积量，以避免不必要的循环体积流量。通过这种方式减少效率损失并且提高动力传动系的能量效率。同时，当在传动轴和泵轴中相应地高的转速时，离心式离合器分离，从而使得在发电机工作状况中驱动电机(“回收利用”)。通过这种方式可以大大提高电机的功能性能并且用于不同应用范围。例如可能的是，在发电机工作状况中驱动泵的一个通常的驱动电动机，以获得电能，该电能在当前工作状况中对于泵的按规定的运行不被需要。也可以使用一种另外的转换元件替代离心式离合器，该转换元件选择性地联接或 者脱联自由轮机构。例如可以设置一个可电操作的离合器作为转换元件，其中，可以用一个与离合器连接的转速传感器测量转速并且自由轮机构可以根据预定的极限转速被联接上或者脱联。通过这种方式尤其是可以，通过一个适合的、用于不同结构类型的动力传动系的软件有区别地设置极限转速和/和根据情况在运转期间改变极限转速。
尤其是在低于传动轴的转速n极限时为了提供能量流转换元件被接合并且在高于传动轴的转速n极限时为了中断能量流转换元件被打开。构造为离心式离合器的转换元件可以根据转速转换自由轮机构。优选地，传动轴的转速n极限被这样选择，即，在传动轴的转速n极限时已达到泵的预定的最大要求的泵功率。通过这种方式可以确保泵的一个按照规定的运转，其中，用于泵的按照规定的运转不消耗不必要的机械能量，从而使得这个能量部分可以在其他方面被使用。动力传动系的效率通过这种方式被改善。自由轮机构可以通过这种方式被直接地转换。自由轮机构的转换可以例如通过电机的通电或者转矩自己实现。一个可自由转换的自由轮机构可以特别是灵活地确定自由轮机构运转点，自该运转点开始自由轮机构被解锁。
特别优选地，传动轴的转速在能量流方向上在泵之前加速或者减速。通过用于泵的转速的额外的加速或者减速，可以适配并且优化电机和泵的必要的尺寸确定。例如，额外的加速实现了用于泵的泵轴一个更高的转速，从而使得泵可以被更小地确定尺寸。此外，减速实现了在电机中更小的力矩，从而使得电机可以被更小地并且更节省结构空间地确定尺寸。
尤其是传动轴通过用于改变转速的行星齿轮传动装置与泵联接。借助于行星齿轮传动装置，可以基本上无级地改变传动轴的用于运行泵的转速，以便达到加速或者减速。
优选地，传动轴与行星齿轮传动装置的内齿圈连接，其中，电机与行星齿轮传动装置的内齿圈和太阳轮连接，其中，泵与行星齿轮传动装置的行星齿轮架连接。这实现了借助于行星齿轮传动装置加速由内燃机通过传动轴提供的转速。此外可能的是，使电机、自由轮机构和/或转换元件集成在行星齿轮传动装置中，使得需要相应地更小的结构空间需求。例如，在轴向方向上加长内齿圈和/或太阳轮就足以连接上电机的转子和定子以及自由轮机构和/或离心式离合器。
在另一个实施方式中，传动轴与行星齿轮传动装置的内齿圈连接，其中，电 机与行星齿轮传动装置的内齿圈和行星齿轮架连接，其中，泵与行星齿轮传动装置的太阳轮连接。这实现了借助于行星齿轮传动装置降低传动轴的转速。此外，可以使电机以及自由轮机构和转换元件简单地集成在行星齿轮传动装置中，其方式为例如在轴向方向上加长内齿圈和/或行星齿轮架，以便连接上电机、自由轮机构和/或离心式离合器。
特别优选地，自由轮机构和必要时与自由轮机构串联设置的转换元件并联于电机地与行星齿轮传动装置连接。因此，自由轮机构和必要时设置的转换元件可以联接在行星齿轮传动装置的相同的功能元件上如电机上。通过这种方式可以特别简单地实现电机与自由轮机构和必要时设置的离心式离合器的并联设置。为此可以，在轴向方向上相应地加长行星齿轮传动装置的相应的部件，以便可以连接上电机的转子和定子以及自由轮机构和/或离心式离合器。
尤其是，当传动轴转速低于一个通过自由轮机构可联接的轴的转速时，自由轮机构打开以中断能量流，否则自由轮机构锁止以提供能量流。通过这种方式达到，内燃机可以驱动泵，而不是泵试图驱动内燃机。尤其是，当借助于电机借助于电能驱动泵时，通过自由轮机构避免，由电机提供的电能用于动力传动系的运转，尽管内燃机提供足够的功率。
此外，本发明涉及一种汽车，尤其是混合动力汽车，具有一个内燃机和一个汽车变速器，其中，内燃机通过动力传动系与汽车变速器连接，其中，动力传动系可以如前面描述地构造或者被改进。通过动力传动系的更小的结构空间需求和改善的效率，可以更加能量高效地运行汽车并且为其他构件提供额外的结构空间。
附图说明
下面参照附图示范性地阐明本发明。附图示出了：
图1示出了在第一实施方式中根据本发明的动力传动系的示意草图；
图2示出了在第二实施方式中根据本发明的动力传动系的示意草图；
图3示出了在第三实施方式中根据本发明的动力传动系的示意草图；
图4示出了根据本发明的动力传动系的部分的示意剖面图；
图5示出了图4中的动力传动系的可转换的自由轮机构在锁止工作状态中的示意剖面图；
图6示出了图4中的动力传动系的可转换的自由轮机构在解锁工作状态中的 示意剖面图。
具体实施方式
在图1中所示的动力传动系10具有一个传动轴12，该传动轴12与一个内燃机14联接。此外，设置一个构造为变速器油泵16的泵，该泵通过一个泵轴18可与传动轴12联接。对此，泵轴18可通过一个自由轮机构20与传动轴12联接。在所示的实施例中，与自由轮机构20串联地设置一个构造为离心式离合器22的转换元件，在高于一个确定的转速时，该转换元件中断从传动轴12到变速器油泵16的能量流。此外，在能量流的方向上与自由轮机构20以及与离心式离合器22并联地设置一个电机24。自由轮机构20和离心式离合器22的顺序也可以交换。电机24具有一个定子26，该定子26无相对转动地与传动轴12连接。定子26可以例如由汽车蓄电池选择性地供电。此外，电机24还具有一个转子28，该转子28无相对转动地与变速器油泵16的泵轴18连接。通过电机24可以补充或者替代内燃机14地为变速器油泵16提供驱动能。此外，在离心式离合器22分离时，变速器油泵16可以驱动电机24以发电机运行，以产生电能。
在图2中所示的动力传动系10的实施方式中，与在图1中所示的动力传动系10的实施方式相比附加地设置一个行星齿轮传动装置30，借助于该行星齿轮传动装置30可以提高动力传动系12相对于变速器油泵16的泵轴18的转速。在所示实施例中，传动轴12与内齿圈32连接，使得电机24以及自由轮机构20和离心式离合器22也与内齿圈32联接。此外，电机24以及自由轮机构20和离心式离合器22可以与行星齿轮传动装置30的一个太阳轮34联接。自由轮机构20和离心式离合器22的排列顺序也可以交换。一个行星齿轮36与内齿圈32以及太阳轮34啮合，该行星齿轮36通过一个行星齿轮架38与变速器油泵16的泵轴18连接。
在图3中所示的动力传动系10的实施方式中与在图2中所示的动力传动系10的实施方式相比，电机24以及自由轮机构20和离心式离合器22不与太阳轮34、而与行星齿轮架38联接。变速器油泵16的泵轴18替代地与太阳轮34联接。通过这种方式与在图2中所示的动力传动系10的实施例相反，通过行星齿轮传动装置30不提供增速，而是降速。自由轮机构20和离心式离合器22的排列顺序也可以交换。
在图4中所示的动力传动系10的实施方式中与在图3中所示的动力传动系 10的实施方式相比，电机24的转子28与太阳轮34连接，而定子26通过一起旋转的壳体40与行星齿轮架38连接。变速器油泵16的泵轴18通过可转换的自由轮机构20与行星齿轮传动装置30的内齿圈32联接。代替离心式离合器22设置一个与内齿圈32连接的转换保持架42作为转换元件，该转换保持架锁止或者解锁所述可转换的自由轮机构20。
在图5和6中所示的可转换的自由轮机构20具有一个外环44和一个内环46，在外环44和内环46之间设置多个可夹紧的滚子48。每两个滚子48借助于一个在两个相邻的滚子48之间设置的弹簧50被彼此压离开，使得滚子在锁止状态中(图5)借助于一个斜坡52被夹紧在外环44和内环46之间。这使得能够实现在外环44和内环46之间的能量流。在操作电机24时，转换保持架42被相对于外环44在圆周方向上运动，使得转换保持架42在相应的圆周方向上将相应的滚子48从斜坡52上向下压，由此中断了在外环44和内环46之间的能量流(图6)。由于转换保持架42在圆周方向上会止挡在内环46上，由电机24通过转换保持架42和内环46向变速器油泵16提供能量流。
附图标记
10 动力传动系
12 传动轴
14 内燃机
16 变速器油泵
18 泵轴
20 自由轮机构
22 离心式离合器
24 电机
26 定子
28 转子
30 行星齿轮传动装置
32 内齿圈
34 太阳轮
36 行星齿轮
38 行星齿轮架
40 壳体
42 转换保持架
44 外环
46 内环
48 滚子
50 弹簧
52 斜坡。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于汽车的动力传动系，具有一个可与内燃机(14)连接的传动轴(12)，一个通过可转换的自由轮机构(20)可与所述传动轴(12)联接的泵，和一个用于驱动所述泵(16)的电机(24)，其特征在于，所述电机(24)在能量流方向上串联地设置在所述传动轴(12)和所述泵(16)之间并且在能量流方向上与所述自由轮机构(20)并联地设置，所述动力传动系还包括一个转换元件，所述转换元件在能量流方向上与所述自由轮机构(20)串联地并且在能量流方向上与所述电机(24)并联地设置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述转换元件(22)在所述传动轴(12)的转速n极限以下被接合用于提供能量流并且在所述传动轴(12)的转速n极限以上被打开以中断能量流。
3.根据权利要求2所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述传动轴(12)的转速n极限被这样选择，即，在所述传动轴(12)的转速n极限时，所述泵(16)已达到预定的最大要求的泵功率。
4.根据上述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，在能量流方向上在所述泵(16)之前所述传动轴(12)的转速被增速或者减速。
5.根据上述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述传动轴(12)通过一个用于转速变换的行星齿轮传动装置(30)与所述泵(16)联接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述传动轴(12)与所述行星齿轮传动装置(30)的一个内齿圈(32)连接，其中，所述电机( 24)与所述行星齿轮传动装置(30)的所述内齿圈(32)和一个太阳轮(34)连接，其中，所述泵(16)与所述行星齿轮传动装置(30)的一个行星齿轮架(38)连接。
7.根据权利要求5所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述传动轴(12)与所述行星齿轮传动装置(30)的一个内齿圈(32)连接，其中，所述电机(24)与所述行星齿轮传动装置(30)的所述内齿圈(32)和一个行星齿轮架(38)连接，其中，所述泵(16)与所述行星齿轮传动装置(30)的一个太阳轮(34)连接。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述自由轮机构(20)和必要时一个与所述自由轮机构(20)串联设置的转换元件(22)与所述电机(24) 并联地与所述行星齿轮传动装置(30)连接。
9.根据上述权利要求1所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，当所述传动轴(12)的转速低于一个可通过所述自由轮机构(20)联接的轴(18)的转速时，所述自由轮机构(20)打开以中断能量流，否则，自由轮机构锁止以提供能量流。
10.根据上述权利要求1至3中任一项所述的动力传动系，其特征在于，所述转换元件是离心式离合器。
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CN103210244A (zh) 2013-07-17
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DE102011079800A1 (de) 2012-02-23
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US9017202B2 (en) 2015-04-28
US20130274047A1 (en) 2013-10-17

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