CN103189254A - 车辆液压制动*** - Google Patents
车辆液压制动*** Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
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- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/48—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure, e.g. traction control systems
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
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- B60T13/12—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid
- B60T13/16—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with fluid assistance, drive, or release the fluid being liquid using pumps directly, i.e. without interposition of accumulators or reservoirs
- B60T13/161—Systems with master cylinder
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- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
- B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
- B60L7/26—Controlling the braking effect
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/26—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/26—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels
- B60T8/266—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels using valves or actuators with external control means
- B60T8/267—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force characterised by producing differential braking between front and rear wheels using valves or actuators with external control means for hybrid systems with different kind of brakes on different axles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/40—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition comprising an additional fluid circuit including fluid pressurising means for modifying the pressure of the braking fluid, e.g. including wheel driven pumps for detecting a speed condition, or pumps which are controlled by means independent of the braking system
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/32—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration
- B60T8/34—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition
- B60T8/48—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force responsive to a speed condition, e.g. acceleration or deceleration having a fluid pressure regulator responsive to a speed condition connecting the brake actuator to an alternative or additional source of fluid pressure, e.g. traction control systems
- B60T8/4809—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems
- B60T8/4827—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems
- B60T8/4863—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems
- B60T8/4872—Traction control, stability control, using both the wheel brakes and other automatic braking systems in hydraulic brake systems closed systems pump-back systems
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种液压的车辆制动***、优选地具有防滑控制功能的车辆制动***,其具有两个制动回路I、II,前轮的车轮制动器(3、4)连接到这两个制动回路I、II上。本发明提出另一制动回路III,其未连接到所述主制动缸(1)上,而是具有用于外力操纵的液压泵(13)。可通过电动机(16)驱动的车轮的车轮制动器(12)连接到所述另一制动回路III上。如果在制动时使所述电动机(16)在发电机工作模式下运行以产生电流,在所述另一制动回路III中对在此产生的制动力矩进行补偿。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1前序部分所述特征的车辆液压制动***。
背景技术
用于机动车辆的车辆液压制动***通常具有双回路主制动缸,液压的车轮制动器连接到该主制动缸上。在此,已知不同的制动回路分配,其中,制动回路分配意味着将各个车轮制动器连接到两个制动回路上。具有防滑控制功能的车辆制动***具有制动压力增压阀和制动压力减压阀,通过这些阀可控制或调节在车轮制动器中的车轮制动压力。此外,在具有防滑控制功能的车辆制动***中,在每个制动回路中设有一个液压泵。实现了防抱死制动***、驱动防滑控制***和行驶动态调节***(对于这些***常用的是缩写ABS、ASR、FDR和ESP)。这些控制***对于本领域技术人员来说是已知的并且在此不再赘述。
发明内容
根据本发明的具有权利要求1所述特征的车辆液压制动***具有三个制动回路,其中两个制动回路连接到双回路主制动缸上,并且第三制动回路具有用于建立制动压力的液压泵。这并不排除,连接到主制动缸上的制动回路也具有液压泵。连接到主制动缸上的制动回路也可理解为人力制动***或助力制动***,未连接到主制动缸上的另一制动回路可理解为外力制动回路。虽然不是强制的,然而优选地设有防滑控制功能。一个车轴的车轮制动器连接到两个连接到主制动缸上的制动回路上,即,一个车轴的左车轮的车轮制动器连接到一个制动回路上并且相同车轴的右车轮的车轮制动器连接到主制动缸的另一制动回路上。另一车轴的车轮的至少一个车轮制动器连接到所述另一制动回路上,优选地,该另一车轴的所有车轮制动器连接到所述另一制动回路上。
可通过对传统的、具有防滑控制功能的车辆制动***的相对简单的改进实现根据本发明的车辆制动***。根据本发明的车辆制动***特别是设置成用于电动车或混合动力车,即,用于具有一个(或多个)驱动电动机或通常一个(或多个)电机、准确地说旋转电机的机动车辆,所述电机可作为发电机运行并且在此产生电能,该电能被储存在蓄电池中并且用于驱动车辆。除了电动机,发电机也属于电机。在制动时,使电机作为发电机运行并且产生制动力矩。可以的是,车辆驾驶员平衡电机的制动力矩。对于更为舒适的***来说,在发电机工作模式下,通过减小车辆制动***的制动力,部分地或完全地补偿该电机的制动力矩。通过车辆制动***的制动力减小对在发电机工作模式下的电机的制动力矩进行补偿也被称为掩饰(Verblenden)。高质量的掩饰(车辆驾驶员不会或几乎不会察觉到在发电机工作模式下的电机的作用)为高成本且困难的。本发明相对简单地通过控制或调节在未连接到主制动缸上的另一、外力制动回路中的制动压力使高质量的掩饰成为可能。
从属权利要求的内容为在权利要求1中给出的本发明的有利设计方案和改进方案。
附图说明
下面根据在附图中示出的实施例详细解释本发明。唯一的附图示出了根据本发明的车辆制动***的液压线路图。
具体实施方式
在附图中示出的根据本发明的车辆液压制动***具有双回路主制动缸1,两个制动回路I、II通过隔离阀2连接到该双回路主制动缸1上。在这两个制动回路I、II的每一个上连接有一个车轴的液压的车轮制动器3、4。在该实施例中,前轴的车轮制动器3、4连接到这两个制动回路I、II上,这两个制动回路I、II连接到主制动缸1上。然而,对于本发明来说并非强制性的是,前车轴的车轮制动器连接到主制动缸1上。制动回路I、II对于每个车轮制动器3、4分别具有制动压力增压阀5和制动压力减压阀6,车轮制动器3、4通过所述制动压力增压阀5与隔离阀2相连接,并且车轮制动器3、4通过所述制动压力减压阀6连接到液压泵7的吸入侧上和液压蓄能器8上。在连接到主制动缸1上的两个制动回路I、II中的每一个中都设有一个液压泵7,其可通过共同的电动机9驱动。液压泵7的压力侧连接在隔离阀2和制动压力增压阀5之间。
隔离阀2、制动压力增压阀5和制动压力减压阀6为二位二通电磁阀,其中,隔离阀2和制动压力增压阀5在其断电的初始位置上打开并且制动压力减压阀6在其断电的初始位置上关闭。隔离阀2和制动压力减压阀6为比例阀,止回阀10、11液压地与其并联,其中,隔离阀2的止回阀10在从主制动缸1到车轮制动器3、4的方向上可通流,并且制动压力增压阀5的止回阀11相反地从车轮制动器3、4向主制动缸1的方向上可通流。
制动压力增压阀5和制动压力减压阀6形成车轮制动压力调制阀组件,利用该车轮制动压力调制阀组件和液压泵7可实现单个车轮的制动压力调制以用于防滑控制。这种防滑控制***例如作为防抱死制动***、驱动防滑控制***和/或行驶动态调节***已知并且在此不再赘述。对于这些防滑控制***,常用的是缩写ABS、ASR、FDR和ESP。
另一车轴、在该实施例中即后车轴的车轮制动器12连接到另一制动回路III上,该制动回路III不连接到主制动缸1上。该另一制动回路III通过外力操纵,该制动回路III具有用于建立制动压力的液压泵13。该液压泵13通过与制动回路I、II的液压泵7相同的电动机9驱动。也可设想的是,用于该另一制动回路III的液压泵13的独有的电动机(未示出)。本发明的所示出的实施例具有带有五个泵活塞的多活塞泵作为液压泵7、13,其中,各有一个泵活塞分别形成连接到主制动缸1丄的制动回路I、II的液压泵7,并且另外三个活塞泵彼此液压地并联并且共同形成未连接到主制动缸1上的另一制动回路III的液压泵13。
该另一制动回路III的液压泵13的吸入侧连接到(无压力的)制动液储备容器14上,该制动液储备容器14可例如被装到主制动缸1上。在液压泵13的压力侧上通过在此同样用附图标记5表示的制动压力增压阀连接有车轮制动器12。车轮制动器12通过制动压力减压阀6与液压泵13的吸入侧相连接。与在制动回路I、II中不同,在制动回路III中在制动压力减压阀6的远离车轮的一侧上和活塞泵13的吸入侧上未设置液压蓄能器,尽管如此本发明不排除设置蓄能器的方案。制动压力增压阀5和制动压力减压阀6形成车轮制动压力调制阀组件,利用该车轮制动压力调制阀组件与液压泵13一起可以以已知的方式实现防滑控制。制动压力增压阀5和制动压力减压阀6为二位二通电磁阀,制动压力增压阀5在其断电的初始位置上打开,制动压力减压阀6在其断电的初始位置上关闭,制动压力增压阀5为比例阀。
该另一制动回路III的液压泵13的压力侧通过制动压力调节阀15连接到制动液储备容器14上。该制动压力调节阀15为在其初始位置上打开的二位二通比例电磁阀。在没有防滑控制的情况下制动时或者还在防滑控制期间,利用该制动压力调节阀15共同地调节连接到另一制动回路III上的多个车轮制动器12的车轮制动压力。
连接到该另一制动回路III上的车轮制动器12的车轮具有驱动电动机16,其通常也可理解为电机。在制动时,使该电动机16作为发电机运行以产生电流,该电流被储存在蓄电池中并且可用于驱动车辆。车轮制动器12的制动力相应于在发电机工作模式下的电动机16的制动力矩减小,即,补偿在发电机工作模式下的电动机16的制动力矩,从而对于车辆驾驶员来说不可或几乎不可感觉到,一部分制动功率由在发电机工作模式下的电动机16产生并且在相对应的该另一制动回路III中的制动力相应地减小。为了调节制动压力,在液压泵13的压力侧上连接有压力传感器17。
两个连接到主制动缸1上的制动回路I、II通过连接阀18连接到制动液储备容器14上。液压蓄能器8、液压泵7的吸入侧和制动压力减压阀6的远离车轮制动器3、4的一侧连接到连接阀18上。该连接阀18为在其初始位置上关闭的二位二通电磁阀。通过打开连接阀18,连接到主制动缸1上的制动回路I、II的液压泵7的吸入侧与制动液储备容器14相连接,从而即使当未操纵主制动缸1时,也可以通过在连接到主制动缸1上的制动回路I、II中的液压泵7建立制动压力。这例如对于驱动防滑控制来说是必要的,并且对于行驶动态调节来说是部分必要的。
为了防止在主制动缸1的小的操纵行程(在此称为踏板行程)的情况下操纵连接到主制动缸1的制动回路I、II的车轮制动器3、4,在制动开始时打开制动回路I、II的制动压力减压阀6。同样地,打开连接阀18。因此,车轮制动器3、4保持无压力,通过在发电机工作模式下的电动机16和/或通过连接到另一制动回路III(其未连接到主制动缸1上)上的车轮制动器12的外力操纵进行减速。制动压力通过该另一制动回路III的液压泵13建立。从一定的预先规定的踏板行程起,才关闭连接到主制动缸1上的制动回路I、II的制动压力减压阀6并且液压地通过主制动缸1操纵车轮制动器3、4。通过打开在连接到主制动缸1上的制动回路I、II中的制动压力减压阀6延长了主制动缸1的空行程、即在制动开始时的踏板行程,在此期间在主制动缸1中不建立压力并且因此不操纵车轮制动器3、4。在控制电子***故障或失效时,制动压力减压阀6保持关闭,从而不延长主制动缸1的空行程。为了控制和调节该空行程设有踏板行程传感器19。
Claims (8)
1.一种车辆液压制动***,所述车辆液压制动***具有双回路主制动缸(1),在一个车轴的一侧上的车轮制动器(3)连接到所述双回路主制动缸(1)的一个制动回路I上,并且在所述车轴的另一侧上的车轮制动器(4)连接到所述双回路主制动缸(1)的另外一个制动回路II上,其特征在于,所述车辆制动***具有未连接到所述主制动缸(1)上的另一制动回路III,并且所述另一制动回路III具有液压泵(13),另一车轴的至少一个车轮制动器(12)连接到所述液压泵(13)上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆液压制动***,其特征在于,车辆的前轴的车轮制动器(3、4)连接到所述主制动缸(1)上并且后轴的车轮制动器(12)连接到所述另一制动回路III的液压泵(13)上。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆液压制动***,其特征在于,其车轮能通过电机(16)制动的车轴的车轮制动器(12)连接到所述另一制动回路III的液压泵(13)上。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆液压制动***,其特征在于,所述液压泵(13)为多活塞泵,以及所述液压泵(13)的至少两个泵活塞被分配给所述另一制动回路III并且所述另一车轴的至少一个车轮制动器(12)连接到所述至少两个泵活塞上。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆液压制动***,其特征在于,所述一个车轴的连接到主制动缸(1)上的车轮制动器(3、4)中的至少一个通过连接阀(18)连接到所述未连接到所述主制动缸(1)上的另一制动回路III的液压泵(13)上。
6.根据权利要求1所述的车辆液压制动***,其特征在于,所述车辆制动***具有用于所述车轮制动器(3、4、12)的制动压力增压阀(5)和制动压力减压阀(6)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的车辆液压制动***,其特征在于,在制动操纵开始时,所述连接阀(18)和/或连接到所述主制动缸(1)上的车轮制动器(3、4)的制动压力减压阀(6)打开。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车辆液压制动***,其特征在于,未连接到所述主制动缸(1)上的所述另一制动回路III具有制动压力调节阀(15)。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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DE102010043403A DE102010043403A1 (de) | 2010-11-04 | 2010-11-04 | Hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage |
DE102010043403.5 | 2010-11-04 | ||
PCT/EP2011/065319 WO2012059261A1 (de) | 2010-11-04 | 2011-09-05 | Hydraulische fahrzeugbremsanlage |
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CN103189254A true CN103189254A (zh) | 2013-07-03 |
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US (1) | US9061670B2 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP2675671B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5632974B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101902162B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103189254B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102010043403A1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2012059261A1 (zh) |
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CN111491834A (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2020-08-04 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于车辆的液压制动***以及相应的运行方法 |
CN112224189A (zh) * | 2019-12-18 | 2021-01-15 | 北京新能源汽车技术创新中心有限公司 | 电控油压制动***及车辆 |
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DE102012223325A1 (de) | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schlupfgeregelte hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage |
DE102012223319A1 (de) * | 2012-12-17 | 2014-06-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Schlupfgeregelte hydraulische Fahrzeugbremsanlage |
DE102013200604A1 (de) * | 2013-01-16 | 2014-07-17 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben eines Bremssystems |
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CN115095618B (zh) * | 2022-06-27 | 2023-07-28 | 浙江师范大学 | 一种复合式线控制动器、制动***及控制方法 |
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KR20130133770A (ko) | 2013-12-09 |
JP5632974B2 (ja) | 2014-11-26 |
CN103189254B (zh) | 2016-02-24 |
JP2013540643A (ja) | 2013-11-07 |
US20130292997A1 (en) | 2013-11-07 |
EP2675671A1 (de) | 2013-12-25 |
KR101902162B1 (ko) | 2018-11-22 |
EP2675671B1 (de) | 2017-01-18 |
DE102010043403A1 (de) | 2012-05-10 |
WO2012059261A1 (de) | 2012-05-10 |
US9061670B2 (en) | 2015-06-23 |
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