CN103149094B - The measuring method of tensile creep of early-age concrete - Google Patents
The measuring method of tensile creep of early-age concrete Download PDFInfo
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- CN103149094B CN103149094B CN201310069909.8A CN201310069909A CN103149094B CN 103149094 B CN103149094 B CN 103149094B CN 201310069909 A CN201310069909 A CN 201310069909A CN 103149094 B CN103149094 B CN 103149094B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring method and device of tensile creep of early-age concrete.This measurement mechanism comprises coaxial and horizontally disposed stiff end assembly and mobile terminal assembly, constraint framework and support thereof, mobile terminal assembly is connected with the punching lifting jack be coaxially set by loading axle, and have displacement transducer in the arranged outside of mobile terminal assembly, for measuring test specimen mobile terminal or/and load the displacement of axle in drawing process; The inventive method applies to tensile creep test specimen load of creeping to carry out active constraint test; And creep load and loading that record applies move forward and backward the reading of sensor; Utilize compensate for shrinkage test specimen to carry out self-constriction test according to a conventional method simultaneously; Arrive termination test after test design length of time, active constraint trial value deducts self-constriction trial value and is tensile creep deformation values.Apparatus of the present invention structure is simple, and its detection method is easy, testing cost is low, and accuracy of detection is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydro-structure experiment, observation and analysis technical field, be specifically related to a kind of measuring method and device of tensile creep of early-age concrete.
Background technology
In the hydraulic structures such as concrete dam, factory building, pumping plant, distress in concrete is one of subject matter affecting engineering construction quality and permanance, very outstanding, hard to guard against so far, is indisputable fact.In order to deeply seek concrete Cracking Mechanism, improve the work of anti-cracking concrete Simulation Analysis, this just needs deeply to pay close attention to some early stage characteristic parameters of concrete.Find in the research of relevant temperature controlled anticracking simulation calculation, early stage in hydraulic large-volume concrete construction, adopt different creep model to cause having the difference of 20% ~ 80%, thus think that the creep result of counter stress is one of structure crack major influence factors of can not ignore.
Early-age concrete tensile creep performance is one of key issue determining concrete bracing.The test method various countries of creeping about Analysis of Concrete Tensile there is no unified standard, different researchers selects different measuring methods according to actual conditions, thus have also been developed some and measure Analysis of Concrete Tensiles method of creeping, the measuring method of Analysis of Concrete Tensile Xu can be divided into these three kinds of methods of axial tension, end restraint contraction and hoop tensile test.Wherein researchers use maximum methods to be axial tension test and end restraint shrinkage test two kinds of methods, but the tensile creep measuring method used cuts both ways.
Conventional axial tension creep test method has some limitations, as advised in the concrete for hydraulic structure testing regulations DLT 5150-2001 of China, the test method of the tensile creep be suitable for is that end applies pulling force by pre-buried pulling force built-in fitting, the measurement of concrete deformation is the distortion of being measured the concrete time by pre-buried strainometer, and this method should not ensure the axis coinciding of displacement transducer and concrete sample; End restraint test unit is expensive; Hoop tensile creep test method is complicated, and measurement mechanism occupied ground is larger etc.
Each researcher because usually designing different test methods, still has very large research space according to the research purpose of oneself and laboratory condition etc.Mainly there is the connection of concrete end and the selection of surveying instrument in tensile creep test and place the problem of two aspects.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the measurement mechanism of the tensile creep of early-age concrete that a kind of structure is simple, measuring error is little, testing cost is cheap, and disclose that a kind of method of operating is simple, the measuring method of result tensile creep of early-age concrete accurately and reliably.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Design a kind of measurement mechanism of tensile creep of early-age concrete, comprise coaxial and horizontally disposed stiff end assembly and mobile terminal assembly, constraint framework and support thereof, described mobile terminal assembly is connected with the punching lifting jack be coaxially set by loading axle, and have displacement transducer in the arranged outside of described mobile terminal assembly, for measuring test specimen mobile terminal or/and load the displacement of axle in drawing process.
Institute's displacement sensors is linear differential formula displacement transducer (LVDT), selects the displacement transducer LVDT of high precision (measuring accuracy reaches more than 1 μm) (linear differential formula displacement transducer) to carry out displacement measurement.Because concrete tensile creep deformation ratio compression time deformation is much smaller, usually only has tens to more than 100 microstrains, thus except requiring concrete deformation measurement instrument and will having higher precision, also require reliable and stable measuring method.Clock gauge or the displacement meter method of differential type strain ga(u)ge and vibrating wire strain gauge method, adhering resistance strain sheets method and external is buried in current time deformation measuring instrument mainly contains.Inside bury differential type strain ga(u)ge and the most obvious weak point of vibrating wire strain gauge is difficult to when building test specimen ensure its final position and concrete longitudinal axes coincident exactly.The method of adhering resistance strain sheets, technical solution of the present invention also can not, early-age concrete is after form removal, and its outside surface humidity is comparatively large, not easily adhering resistance strain sheets.So adopt the mode of external LVDT to measure the distortion of early-age concrete test specimen in apparatus of the present invention.This displacement meter is relatively simple, the resolution of the very fine that can work in wide temperature range, have, reliability are high, not fragile, the very applicable measurement from micron order to several centimetres of intrinsic displacements.
Described punching lifting jack is self-locking punching lifting jack.Due to larger to the stress of concrete axial tension test, and only apply tension by tighting a bolt and be not enough to apply enough stress, therefore apparatus of the present invention adopt punching lifting jack to load, and common lifting jack is along with the growth of time, the phenomenon unloaded may be there is, therefore can further adopt self-locking punching lifting jack to load.
The bearing carrier corresponding with described mobile terminal assembly carries described mobile terminal by rolling mechanism.When applying tension, produce larger friction force between the mobile terminal of end and the bearing carrier of bottom, if effectively can not eliminate friction, the prestretching stress of applying is just inaccurate.In order to reduce friction, the measure of employing has: reserve semicircular groove in the bottom of mobile terminal assembly of measurement mechanism and the top of bearing carrier, and place steel ball at an upper portion thereof, these steel balls can reduce friction between the two.
Utilize above-mentioned measurement mechanism to carry out the measuring method of tensile creep of early-age concrete, comprise the following steps:
(1) dog bone shape concrete sample is prepared:
1. coat release agent in the die trial inside of dog bone shape, and then lay layer of polyethylene film above, and then be coated with last layer release agent;
2. the reinforcement of concrete perching knife good for mixing is loaded in die trial, with plastic sheeting sealing after vibration compacting is floating, to prevent water evaporates, then the temperature in concrete creep laboratory is controlled at 20 ± 2 DEG C;
3. prepare tensile creep test specimen and compensate for shrinkage test specimen as stated above simultaneously, form removal after specimen molding maintenance 20 ~ 24h, tensile creep test specimen after form removal and compensate for shrinkage test specimen use foil sealing immediately, that divides to prevent water scatters and disappears, and compensate for shrinkage test specimen starts when the length of time is 24h to measure concrete self-constriction distortion according to a conventional method;
When 4. arriving the load age of design, randomly draw a dog bone shape concrete sample and carry out tensile splitting strength test according to a conventional method, to determine the size of concrete creep test specimen load application;
(2) test: tensile creep test specimen is arranged on the measurement mechanism of tensile creep of early-age concrete described in claim 1, its displacement transducer is installed and is connected on loading axle;
(3) install, load: load of creeping is applied to tensile creep test specimen and carries out active constraint test, namely first screw and the fuel outlet valve on the matching used hand oil pump of punching lifting jack, slow shake oil pump handle loads test specimen, and whole process completes within 5min; And creep load and loading that record applies move forward and backward the reading of sensor; Utilize compensate for shrinkage test specimen to carry out self-constriction test according to a conventional method simultaneously; After arriving test design length of time, termination test;
(4) record, calculate:
The test figure that collection, record self-constriction test and active constraint are tested; Active constraint trial value deducts self-constriction trial value and is tensile creep deformation values.
The present invention has actively useful effect:
(1) mode of horizontal positioned concrete sample is adopted; Early the concrete tensile strength in the length of time is lower, and the pretension that can apply is less, conducts oneself with dignity comparatively large to the stress of concrete generation, therefore adopts horizontal positioned concrete sample can eliminate the impact of deadweight on concrete sample diverse location place stress;
(2) the measurement gauge length selected is comparatively large, can reduce the error of strain measurement; Because concrete tensile creep distortion is relatively little, under the prerequisite of same displacement measurement errors, the gauge length of measurement is larger, and the strain error of measurement is less;
(3) apparatus of the present invention structure is simple, and its detection method is simple to operate, and testing cost is low, and accuracy of detection is high, can be applied to engineering practice.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of vertical view of measurement mechanism of tensile creep of early-age concrete;
Fig. 2 is a kind of side view of measurement mechanism of tensile creep of early-age concrete;
Fig. 3 is the trend map of tensile creep of early-age concrete.
In figure, 1 is self-locking punching lifting jack, and 2 is linear differential formula displacement transducer, 3 is mobile terminal assembly, and 4 is base plate, and 5 is waling, 6 is dog bone shape concrete sample, and 7 is stiff end assembly, and 8 is longitudinal I-shaped steel part, 9 is horizontal I-shaped steel part, and 10 is longitudinal I-shaped steel part, and 11 is guardrail, 12 is waling, and 13 is cross reinforcing, and 14 is horizontal I-shaped steel part, 15 is support, and 16 is side plate.
Embodiment
The present invention is set forth further below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
The measurement mechanism of embodiment 1 one kinds of tensile creep of early-age concrete, see Fig. 1, Fig. 1, comprise coaxial and horizontally disposed stiff end assembly 7 and mobile terminal assembly 3, constraint framework is (by longitudinal I-shaped steel part 8, 10, waling 5, 12, be positioned at the horizontal I-shaped steel part 9 of two ends horizontally set, 14, and base plate 4 and side plate 16 are formed, overall deformation quantity≤1 μm), and support 15, described mobile terminal assembly 3 is connected with the self-locking punching lifting jack 1 be coaxially set by loading axle, and at the linear differential displacement sensor (LVDT of the arranged outside of described mobile terminal assembly 3, measuring accuracy reaches 1 μm) 2, for measuring the displacement of test specimen mobile terminal in drawing process.Semicircular groove is reserved on the top of the bearing carrier corresponding in the bottom of the mobile terminal assembly 3 of measurement mechanism, and places steel ball at an upper portion thereof, to reduce friction between the two.
Utilize above-mentioned measurement mechanism to carry out the measuring method of tensile creep of early-age concrete, comprise the following steps:
(1) dog bone shape concrete sample (length is 1000mm, cross-sectional sizes 100mm × 100mm) is prepared
1. coat release agent in the die trial inside of dog bone shape, and then lay layer of polyethylene film above, and then be coated with last layer release agent;
2. the reinforcement of concrete perching knife good for mixing is loaded in die trial, with plastic sheeting sealing after vibration compacting is floating, to prevent water evaporates, then the temperature in concrete creep laboratory is controlled at 20 ± 2 DEG C;
3. prepare tensile creep test specimen and the compensate for shrinkage test specimen of some as stated above simultaneously, form removal after concrete sample blanks and moulding and conserving 20 ~ 24h, creep test specimen and compensate for shrinkage test specimen of form removal after stretching uses foil sealing immediately, that divides to prevent water scatters and disappears, and compensate for shrinkage test specimen starts when the length of time is 24h to measure concrete self-constriction distortion;
When 4. arriving the load age of design, carry out tensile splitting strength test, and determine the size of concrete creep test specimen load application;
(2) test: tensile creep test specimen is arranged on the measurement mechanism of tensile creep of early-age concrete described in claim 1, the movable end of its displacement transducer (LVDT) is connected and installed in and loads on axle;
(3) install, load: load of creeping is applied to tensile creep test specimen and carries out active constraint test, namely first screw and the fuel outlet valve on the matching used hand oil pump of punching lifting jack, slow shake oil pump handle loads test specimen, and whole process completes within 5min; And creep load and loading that record applies move forward and backward the reading of sensor; Utilize compensate for shrinkage test specimen to carry out self-constriction test according to a conventional method simultaneously; After arriving test design length of time, termination test;
(4) record, calculate:
The test figure that collection, record self-constriction test and active constraint are tested; Active constraint trial value deducts self-constriction trial value and is tensile creep deformation values.
Choose a kind of normal concrete match ratio, by changing water cement ratio, prepared the concrete sample of 5 assembly composition and division in a proportion (as shown in table 1) as stated above, match ratio is as following table.By campaign, obtain with interior creep degree numerical value in length of time morning (7d), as shown in Figure 3, codomain and the rule of the reaction of this trial curve meet scientific law, be consistent, and test accuracy are highly improved with the interval of similar tension creep test detected value.
The concrete match ratio of table 1 Different Water-Cement Ratio
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a measuring method for tensile creep of early-age concrete, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) dog bone shape concrete sample is prepared:
1. coat release agent in the die trial inside of dog bone shape, then lay layer of polyethylene film above, and then be coated with last layer release agent;
2. the reinforcement of concrete perching knife good for mixing is loaded in die trial, with plastic sheeting sealing after vibration compacting is floating, to prevent water from dividing evaporation, then the temperature in concrete creep laboratory is controlled at 18 ~ 22 DEG C;
3. prepare some dog bone shapes concrete sample as stated above simultaneously, respectively as tensile creep test specimen and compensate for shrinkage test specimen, form removal after specimen molding maintenance 20 ~ 24h, foil sealing tensile creep test specimen and compensate for shrinkage test specimen is used immediately after form removal, that divides to prevent water scatters and disappears, and compensate for shrinkage test specimen starts when the length of time is 24h to measure concrete self-constriction distortion;
When 4. arriving the load age of design, randomly draw a dog bone shape concrete sample and carry out tensile splitting strength test, to determine the size of tensile creep test specimen load application;
(2) test: tensile creep test specimen is arranged on the measurement mechanism of tensile creep of early-age concrete, by the movable end of displacement transducer and mobile terminal assembly or load axle and install and dock;
(3) install, load: load of creeping is applied to tensile creep test specimen and carries out active constraint test; And creep load and loading that record applies move forward and backward the reading of sensor; Utilize compensate for shrinkage test specimen to carry out self-constriction test according to a conventional method simultaneously, after arriving test design length of time, termination test;
(4) record, calculate: the test figure that collection, record self-constriction test and active constraint are tested; Active constraint trial value deducts self-constriction trial value and is tensile creep deformation values;
The measurement mechanism of described tensile creep of early-age concrete, comprise coaxial and horizontally disposed stiff end assembly and mobile terminal assembly, constraint framework and support, described mobile terminal assembly is connected with the punching lifting jack be coaxially set by loading axle, and have displacement transducer in the arranged outside of described mobile terminal assembly, for measuring test specimen mobile terminal or/and load the displacement of axle in drawing process;
Institute's displacement sensors is linear differential formula displacement transducer;
Described punching lifting jack is self-locking punching lifting jack;
The below corresponding with described mobile terminal assembly is provided with bearing carrier, and this bearing carrier connects via rolling mechanism and described mobile terminal assembly, to reduce force of sliding friction between the two;
Deformation quantity≤1 μm of described constraint framework.
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