CN108267365B - Test equipment and method for tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions - Google Patents
Test equipment and method for tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A test device for tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions comprises a template system, a temperature system, a loading system, an acquisition system, a control system and a computer system; the template system comprises an upper template, a lower template, side templates and end templates, and a pouring space is formed by enclosing; a round hole is formed in the center of the end template, reinforcing steel bars are arranged in the round hole, and a separation steel plate is arranged between the top and bottom ends of the middle parts of the two side templates; two quartz rods penetrate through the upper template, and a displacement sensor is arranged between the two quartz rods; the temperature system comprises a water tank with a water pump, and the water tank is provided with a water outlet pipe and a water return pipe; the loading system comprises a driving device and a transmission shaft, and the tail end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the outer end of the steel bar; the input end of the acquisition system is connected with the displacement sensor, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the load sensor, and the output end of the control system is connected with the driving device, the temperature control device and the water pump; the acquisition system and the control system are both connected with the computer system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of water conservancy and hydropower, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions.
Background
Concrete is a multiphase brittle material with a much lower tensile strength than compressive strength. The hydraulic concrete structure has thick section, so that the cement hydration heat is difficult to dissipate, and the concrete generates tensile stress under the conditions of overlarge temperature difference and internal and external constraint states. Once the tensile stress exceeds its tensile strength, the concrete cracks, which has a serious impact on the safety of the hydraulic structure during construction and operation.
Parameters such as tensile strength, creep coefficient and the like of the concrete are acquired by means of relevant axial loading equipment in a laboratory and are used for numerical simulation calculation of a large-volume concrete structure, so that a decision is provided for dam construction.
The axial tension acting on the concrete specimen center shaft is a key factor influencing the uniaxial constraint test result. However, it is difficult to completely avoid eccentricity in the axial tension test due to the discreteness of the concrete material and the limitation of the test conditions. Once eccentricity occurs, the measured intensity error is large. At present, the concrete uniaxial constraint test is one of the test methods mainly used in the test for evaluating the creep characteristic and the cracking characteristic of the concrete, but the method still has room for improvement:
(1) pre-embedding a pull rod at the end part: force is transferred to the end part of the concrete through the pull rod. The number of the pull rods is generally one, and a plurality of pull rods can be symmetrically pre-embedded in order to ensure that enough adhesive force exists between the pull rods and concrete. The measurement of the test piece is measured by a displacement sensor mounted in the middle of the test piece.
(2) An external clamping type clamp: the two ends of the test piece are designed into a dumbbell shape, the shape of the test piece template is similar to that of the test piece, and the force is transferred to the test piece through the expansion end. In the preparation, the mould size is required to be accurate, strict symmetry to guarantee that the test piece is installed on the testing machine, apply tensile direction and test piece axial coincidence. The external clamping type is simple and easy to implement, but the good axial pulling effect is difficult to achieve: on one hand, when pressure and tension are transmitted, the contact surface of the external clamp type clamp and a test piece is changed, and non-axial loading is easy to occur; on the other hand, the size of the test piece is changed, so that stress concentration is easily generated at the variable cross section, and the cracking test result of the test piece is invalid.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device and a method for testing the tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions, which can accurately evaluate the cracking risk of the concrete under different curing conditions and provide a parameter foundation for the temperature control optimization design of a large-volume concrete structure.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a test device for tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions comprises a template system, a temperature system, a loading system, an acquisition system, a control system and a computer system;
the template system comprises an upper template with a temperature control channel, a lower template and two symmetrical side templates, and a cylinder with a rectangular cross section is formed; end templates with temperature control channels are respectively arranged at two ends of the side template, and a sealed pouring space is enclosed among the upper template, the lower template, the side template and the end templates; a circular hole is formed in the center of the end part template, a steel bar parallel to the length direction of the pouring space is arranged in the circular hole, and two ends of the steel bar are respectively positioned inside and outside the end part template; barrier steel plates are arranged between the top and bottom ends of the middle parts of the two side templates; the upper template is provided with two quartz rods in a penetrating way and is respectively positioned at two sides of the blocking steel plate, and a displacement sensor is arranged between the two quartz rods; the upper template, the lower template, the side templates, the end templates and the center of the pouring space are provided with first temperature sensors;
the temperature system comprises a water tank with a water pump, the water tank is provided with a water outlet pipe and a water return pipe, the water outlet pipe is respectively connected to the water inlet ends of the temperature control channels of the upper template, the lower template, the side template and the end template, and the water return pipe is respectively connected to the water outlet ends of the temperature control channels of the upper template, the lower template, the side template and the end template; a temperature control device and a second temperature sensor are arranged in the water tank;
the loading system comprises a driving device, a loading device and a control device, wherein the driving device is connected with a transmission shaft and can push and pull the transmission shaft; the tail end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the outer end of the steel bar, and a load sensor is arranged between the steel bar and the tail end of the transmission shaft;
the input end of the acquisition system is connected with the displacement sensor, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the load sensor, and the output end of the acquisition system is connected with the input end of the computer system;
the input end of the control system is connected with the output end of the computer system, and the output end of the control system is connected with the driving device, the temperature control device and the water pump.
Furthermore, the driving device is connected with the transmission shaft through a universal hinge.
Furthermore, the tail end of the steel bar, which is positioned in the pouring space, is connected with a plurality of oblique reinforcing ribs.
Furthermore, heat insulation layers are arranged on the outer sides of the upper template, the lower template, the side templates and the end templates.
Furthermore, the upper template is detachable.
Further, the driving device is a motor.
A test method for concrete tensile strength under different curing conditions utilizes the test equipment for the concrete tensile strength under different curing conditions, and comprises the following steps:
pouring the stirred concrete into the pouring space to form a concrete test piece; covering the upper template, and enabling a lead of the pre-embedded first temperature sensor to penetrate out of a preformed hole of the upper template and be connected with the acquisition system;
the computer system sets the preset temperature of the concrete test piece and the load of the loading system, starts a test, enables water in the water tank to reach the preset temperature through the temperature control device, enables the water to circulate in the temperature control channel through the water pump, regulates and controls the temperatures of the upper template, the lower template, the side templates and the end template, and finally enables the temperature of the concrete test piece to reach the preset temperature T; measuring temperature data through the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, and measuring deformation data through the displacement sensor;
after the curing age is reached, removing the upper template, the lower template, the side templates and the end template, connecting the steel bars pre-embedded in the test piece with a transmission shaft of a loading system, applying axial load to the steel bars through a driving device until the concrete test piece is broken, and measuring displacement and load data of the test piece;
substituting the load and the section area of the restrained concrete sample into a formula (1) to calculate the tensile strength of the concrete:
wherein P (t) is the cracking load of the concrete sample; a. thecIs the effective fracture cross-sectional area of the concrete specimen.
Further, the history of the predetermined temperature is calculated as follows:
aiming at the local conditions of the experiment, the monthly average temperature data are fitted into a cosine curve, and the following formula (2) is a calculation formula after fitting:
in the formula, TaIs air temperature, TamIs the average annual temperature, AaThe annual variation of air temperature, tau is time (month), tau0The time (month) when the air temperature is highest;
taking the daily change of the air temperature into consideration, the calculation is carried out by adopting the following formula (3):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the daily temperature, TaThe average temperature per month, A is the daily variation range of the temperature, and t is the time (time) in 1 day, which is determined according to different seasons in different regions.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the test equipment and the test method for the tensile strength of the concrete under different curing conditions can accurately evaluate the cracking risk of the concrete under different curing conditions, and provide a parameter basis for the temperature control optimization design of a large-volume concrete structure.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the concrete tensile strength testing equipment under different curing conditions.
FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the apparatus for testing tensile strength of concrete under various curing conditions according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the test equipment for testing the tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions.
Detailed Description
The following description is given by way of example only, and not by way of limitation, of the scope of the invention.
As shown in figures 1-3, the invention provides a test device for concrete tensile strength under different curing conditions, which comprises a template system, a temperature system, a loading system, a collecting system, a control system and a computer system.
The template system comprises an upper template 1 with a temperature control channel, a lower template 2 and two symmetrical side templates 3, and the upper template and the lower template form a cylinder shape with a rectangular cross section. The two ends of the side template 3 are respectively provided with an end template 4 with a temperature control channel, and a sealed pouring space A is formed by enclosing the upper template 1, the lower template 2, the side template 3 and the end template 4. The center of the end part template 4 is provided with a round hole, a steel bar 5 parallel to the length direction of the pouring space A is arranged in the round hole, the two ends of the steel bar 5 are respectively positioned inside and outside the end part template 4, and in order to increase the contact area of the steel bar 5 and concrete, the tail end of the steel bar 5 positioned in the pouring space A is connected with a plurality of oblique reinforcing ribs 6. All be equipped with separation steel sheet 7 between the top end both ends at two side form 3 middle parts, the purpose makes this position cross-section weakening appear, guarantees that the concrete test piece breaks at this position, improves the cracked success rate of test sample. Two quartz rods 8 penetrate through the upper template 1 and are respectively positioned on two sides of the separation steel plate 7, and a displacement sensor 9 is arranged between the two quartz rods 8. As shown in fig. 3, the displacement control method adopted by the present invention is: the displacement sensor 9 is fixed at one end of the quartz rod 8 (the thermal expansion coefficient of the quartz rod is smaller and is about 1 mu m/DEG C), the quartz glass rod 8 is directly embedded into the end part of the concrete test piece 10 by adopting an embedded part, so that the quartz rod 8 drives the displacement sensor 9 to deform synchronously with the concrete test piece 10, the actual deformation of the concrete test piece 10 measured by the displacement sensor 9 is ensured, unnecessary measurement errors are avoided, the limitation of the aggregate particle size of the concrete test piece 10 is avoided, and the measurement method is reasonable. The upper template 1, the lower template 2, the side templates 3, the end templates 4 and the center of the pouring space A are all provided with a first temperature sensor. This cope match-plate pattern 1 is detachable, and this cope match-plate pattern 1, lower bolster 2, side form 3 and the 4 outsides of tip templates are equipped with the heat preservation.
The temperature system comprises a water tank 11 with a water pump, the water tank 11 is provided with a water outlet pipe and a water return pipe, the water outlet pipe is respectively connected to the water inlet ends of the temperature control channels of the upper template 1, the lower template 2, the side templates 3 and the end templates 4, and the water return pipe is respectively connected to the water outlet ends of the temperature control channels of the upper template 1, the lower template 2, the side templates 3 and the end templates 4. A temperature control device and a second temperature sensor are arranged in the water tank 11. The temperature system of the invention is based on a computer control system, and can carry out temperature closed-loop control on a temperature control device (a heating and refrigerating device) according to a set temperature course: sending liquid into the water tank, utilizing the heating and refrigerating assembly to adjust the liquid to the required temperature, utilizing the pressurizing assembly (water pump) to input the liquid into the temperature control channel, and enabling the temperature of the concrete test piece to develop according to a preset curve. In order to ensure uniform temperature transfer, the same-stroke circulating liquid is arranged in the temperature control channel; PID accurately calculates and controls the heating and refrigerating device, ensures fine cold and hot compensation, and controls the flow of the circulating liquid of the input temperature control channel, so that the temperature of the circulating liquid meets various requirements of tests. The template is internally divided into two layers, a water layer is arranged on the concrete test piece contact layer, a heat insulation layer is arranged on the air contact part, the heat insulation layer can isolate the temperature of the test piece from the temperature in the environment box, the mutual influence is reduced, and the temperature is easy to control.
The loading system comprises a driving device 12, such as an electric motor, wherein the driving device 12 is connected with a transmission shaft 13 through a universal joint 14, and the transmission shaft 13 can be pushed and pulled. The universal hinge 14 is shown in fig. 3, the end of the transmission shaft 13 is fixedly connected to the outer end of the steel bar 5, and a load sensor 15 is disposed between the steel bar 5 and the end of the transmission shaft 13. Therefore, the axial load applied to the test specimen by the loading equipment can be ensured as much as possible. The axis loading is the guarantee that the single-axis constraint test result is accurately obtained. It is very difficult to achieve a 100% axial center, but the test apparatus of the present invention can minimize the effect of eccentricity on the test results.
The input end of the acquisition system 16 is connected with the displacement sensor 9, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the load sensor 15, and the output end of the acquisition system 16 is connected with the input end of the computer system 17.
The input end of the control system 18 is connected with the output end of the computer system 17, and the output end of the control system 18 is connected with the driving device 12, the temperature control device and the water pump.
The invention also provides a method for testing the tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions, which utilizes the test equipment for the tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions and comprises the following steps:
pouring the stirred concrete into the pouring space A to form a concrete test piece 10; covering the upper template 1, and enabling a lead of the pre-embedded first temperature sensor to penetrate out of a preformed hole of the upper template 1 and be connected with an acquisition system 16;
the computer system 17 sets the preset temperature of the concrete test piece 10 and the load of the loading system, starts the test, enables the water in the water tank 11 to reach the preset temperature through the temperature control device, enables the water to circulate in the temperature control channel through the water pump, regulates and controls the temperatures of the upper template 1, the lower template 2, the side templates 3 and the end template 4, and finally enables the temperature of the concrete test piece 10 to reach the preset temperature T; measuring temperature data through the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, and measuring deformation data through the displacement sensor 9;
after the curing age is reached, the upper template 1, the lower template 2, the side templates 3 and the end template 4 are removed, the steel bars 5 pre-embedded in the test piece are connected with a transmission shaft of a loading system, an axial load is applied to the steel bars 5 of the concrete test piece 10 through a driving device until the concrete test piece 10 is broken, and displacement and load data of the test piece are measured;
substituting the load and the section area of the restrained concrete sample 10 into the formula (1) to calculate the tensile strength of the concrete:
wherein P (t) is the cracking load of the concrete sample; a. thecIs the effective fracture cross-sectional area of the concrete specimen.
The history of the predetermined temperature is calculated as follows:
aiming at the local conditions of the experiment, the monthly average temperature data are fitted into a cosine curve, and the following formula (2) is a calculation formula after fitting:
in the formula, TaIs air temperature, TamIs the average annual temperature, AaThe annual variation of air temperature, tau is time (month), tau0The time (month) when the air temperature is highest;
taking the daily change of the air temperature into consideration, the calculation is carried out by adopting the following formula (3):
in the formula (I), the compound is shown in the specification,
the daily temperature, TaThe average temperature per month, A is the daily variation range of the temperature, and t is the time (time) in 1 day, which is determined according to different seasons in different regions.
The invention has the following advantages:
1. the invention can simulate the strength development process of concrete under different curing conditions. Through axial loading, the tensile strength of the concrete is obtained, the success rate of tests is improved, and references are provided for concrete engineering construction and crack prevention.
2. The invention can input different temperature boundaries of concrete according to the concrete temperature control technical requirements of actual engineering, and simulate various concrete curing conditions.
3. The invention can apply axial load to the test piece.
4. The end parts of the embedded steel bars are provided with the reinforcing ribs for connection, so that the contact area between the embedded steel bars and concrete is increased; meanwhile, the reinforcing steel bars are connected with the loading system through universal hinge components, and the eccentricity of axial loading is reduced.
5. The rectangular blocking steel plate is arranged at the midpoint of the pouring space of the side template, so that the concrete sample is guaranteed to break at the weakened section.
6. The invention can evaluate the cracking behavior of the concrete according to the tensile strength of the concrete obtained by tests under different curing conditions, and provides reference for the anti-cracking design of the concrete.
The invention is defined by the claims. Based on this, it should be understood that various obvious changes and modifications can be made by those skilled in the art, which are within the main spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a test equipment of concrete tensile strength under different maintenance conditions which characterized in that: the system comprises a template system, a temperature system, a loading system, an acquisition system, a control system and a computer system;
the template system comprises an upper template with a temperature control channel, a lower template and two symmetrical side templates, and a cylinder with a rectangular cross section is formed; end templates with temperature control channels are respectively arranged at two ends of the side template, and a sealed pouring space is enclosed among the upper template, the lower template, the side template and the end templates; a circular hole is formed in the center of the end part template, a steel bar parallel to the length direction of the pouring space is arranged in the circular hole, and two ends of the steel bar are respectively positioned inside and outside the end part template; barrier steel plates are arranged between the top and bottom ends of the middle parts of the two side templates; the upper template is provided with two quartz rods in a penetrating way and is respectively positioned at two sides of the blocking steel plate, and a displacement sensor is arranged between the two quartz rods; the upper template, the lower template, the side templates, the end templates and the center of the pouring space are provided with first temperature sensors;
the temperature system comprises a water tank with a water pump, the water tank is provided with a water outlet pipe and a water return pipe, the water outlet pipe is respectively connected to the water inlet ends of the temperature control channels of the upper template, the lower template, the side template and the end template, and the water return pipe is respectively connected to the water outlet ends of the temperature control channels of the upper template, the lower template, the side template and the end template; a temperature control device and a second temperature sensor are arranged in the water tank;
the loading system comprises a driving device, a loading device and a control device, wherein the driving device is connected with a transmission shaft and can push and pull the transmission shaft; the tail end of the transmission shaft is fixedly connected with the outer end of the steel bar, and a load sensor is arranged between the steel bar and the tail end of the transmission shaft;
the input end of the acquisition system is connected with the displacement sensor, the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the load sensor, and the output end of the acquisition system is connected with the input end of the computer system;
the input end of the control system is connected with the output end of the computer system, and the output end of the control system is connected with the driving device, the temperature control device and the water pump.
2. The apparatus for testing the tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the driving device is connected with the transmission shaft through a universal hinge.
3. The apparatus for testing the tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the tail end of the reinforcing steel bar, which is positioned in the pouring space, is connected with a plurality of oblique reinforcing ribs.
4. The apparatus for testing the tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: and heat insulation layers are arranged on the outer sides of the upper template, the lower template, the side templates and the end templates.
5. The apparatus for testing the tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the upper template is detachable.
6. The apparatus for testing the tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein: the driving device is a motor.
7. A method for testing the tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions is characterized in that: a test apparatus for testing the tensile strength of concrete under different curing conditions as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
pouring the stirred concrete into the pouring space to form a concrete test piece; covering the upper template, and enabling a lead of the pre-embedded first temperature sensor to penetrate out of a preformed hole of the upper template and be connected with the acquisition system;
the computer system sets the preset temperature of the concrete test piece and the load of the loading system, starts a test, enables water in the water tank to reach the preset temperature through the temperature control device, enables the water to circulate in the temperature control channel through the water pump, regulates and controls the temperatures of the upper template, the lower template, the side templates and the end template, and finally enables the temperature of the concrete test piece to reach the preset temperature T; measuring temperature data through the first temperature sensor and the second temperature sensor, and measuring deformation data through the displacement sensor;
after the curing age is reached, removing the upper template, the lower template, the side templates and the end template, connecting the steel bars pre-embedded in the test piece with a transmission shaft of a loading system, applying axial load to the steel bars through a driving device until the concrete test piece is broken, and measuring displacement and load data of the test piece;
substituting the load and the section area of the restrained concrete sample into a formula (1) to calculate the tensile strength of the concrete:
wherein P (t) is the cracking load of the concrete sample; a. thecIs the effective fracture cross-sectional area of the concrete specimen.
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