CN103149094A - Measuring method and device for tensile creep of early-age concrete - Google Patents
Measuring method and device for tensile creep of early-age concrete Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a measuring method and device for tensile creep of early-age concrete. The measuring device comprises a fixed end assembly, a movable end assembly, a restricting framework and a bracket, wherein the fixed end assembly and the movable end assembly are coaxially and horizontally arranged; the movable end assembly is connected with a core penetrating jack through a loading shaft, and the movable end assembly and the penetrating jack are coaxially arranged; and a displacement sensor is arranged at the outer side of the movable end assembly and is used for measuring the displacement of a movable end of a test piece or/and the loading shaft in the stretching process. The method disclosed by the invention comprises the following steps of: carrying out an initiative restricting test on a tensile creep test piece by being applied to a creep load; recording the applied creep load and readings of the displacement sensor before and after loading; meanwhile, carrying out self shrinkage test by utilizing a shrinkage-compensating test piece according to a regular method; and stopping the test after a designed age period of the test is reached, so as to obtain the deformation value of the tensile creep by subtracting a self shrinkage test value by an initiative restricting test value. The device disclosed by the invention is simple in structure, the detection method is simple and convenient, detection cost is low and the detection precision is high.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to hydro-structure experiment, observation and analysis technical field, be specifically related to a kind of measuring method that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept and device.
Background technology
In the hydraulic structures such as concrete dam, factory building, pumping plant, distress in concrete is one of subject matter that affects engineering construction quality and permanance, and is very outstanding, hard to guard against so far, is indisputable fact.In order deeply to seek concrete Cracking Mechanism, improve the work of anti-cracking concrete Simulation Analysis, this just need to deeply pay close attention to some early stage characteristic parameters of concrete.Find in relevant temperature controlled anticracking simulation calculation research, early stage in the hydraulic large-volume concrete construction, adopt different creep models to cause that 20%～80% difference is arranged, thereby think that the creep result of counter stress is one of structure crack major influence factors of can not ignore.
Early-age concrete stretching Creep Characteristics is one of key issue that determines the early stage cracking of concrete.The test method various countries of creeping about Analysis of Concrete Tensile there is no unified standard, different researchers is selected different measuring methods according to actual conditions, thereby also developed some and measured the method that Analysis of Concrete Tensile is crept, Analysis of Concrete Tensile Xu's measuring method can be divided into these three kinds of methods of axial tension, end restraint contraction and hoop tensile test.Wherein researchers to use maximum methods be axial tension test and two kinds of methods of end restraint shrinkage test, measuring method cuts both ways but the stretching of using is crept.
There are some limitations in conventional axial tension creep test method, the test method of creeping as the applicable stretching of suggestion in the concrete for hydraulic structure testing regulations DLT 5150-2001 of China is that the end applies pulling force by pre-buried pulling force built-in fitting, the measurement of concrete deformation is to measure the distortion of concrete time by pre-buried strainometer, and this method should not guarantee the axis coinciding of displacement transducer and concrete sample; The end restraint test unit is expensive; Hoop stretching creep test method is complicated, and the measurement mechanism occupied ground is larger etc.
Each researcher designs different test methods according to oneself research purpose and the factor such as laboratory condition, and very large research space is still arranged.Stretching creep the connection that mainly exists the concrete end in test and surveying instrument selection and place the problem of two aspects.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of simple in structure, measuring error is little, testing cost is cheap measurement mechanism that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept, and disclose that a kind of method of operating is simple, the result early stage measuring method that age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept accurately and reliably.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
Design a kind of measurement mechanism that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept, comprise coaxial and horizontally disposed stiff end assembly and mobile terminal assembly, constraint framework and support thereof, described mobile terminal assembly is connected with the punching lifting jack that is coaxially set by loading axle, and the arranged outside at described mobile terminal assembly has displacement transducer, is used for measuring the test specimen mobile terminal or/and load axle in the displacement of drawing process.
Described displacement transducer is linear differential formula displacement transducer (LVDT), selects the displacement transducer LVDT (linear differential formula displacement transducer) of high precision (measuring accuracy reach 1 μ m more than) to carry out displacement measurement.Because concrete stretching time deformation is much smaller than the compression time deformation, usually only have tens to more than 100 microstrains, thereby except requiring concrete deformation measurement instrument will have higher precision, also require to have reliable and stable measuring method.Clock gauge or the displacement meter method of burying differential type strain ga(u)ge and vibrating wire strain gauge method, adhering resistance strain sheets method and external in present time deformation measuring instrument mainly contains.In bury the differential type strain ga(u)ge and the most obvious weak point of vibrating wire strain gauge is difficult to guarantee that its final position overlaps with concrete longitudinal axis exactly when building test specimen.The method of adhering resistance strain sheets, technical solution of the present invention also can not, early-age concrete is after form removal, its outside surface humidity is larger, is difficult for adhering resistance strain sheets.So distortion of adopting the mode of external LVDT to measure the early-age concrete test specimen in apparatus of the present invention.This displacement meter is relatively simple, resolution, reliability can work, have very fine in wide temperature range are high, not fragile, be fit to very much the measurement from micron order to several centimetres of intrinsic displacements.
Described punching lifting jack is self-locking punching lifting jack.Due to larger to the stress of concrete axial tension test, tight a bolt to apply tension and be not enough to apply enough stress and only depend on, therefore apparatus of the present invention adopt the punching lifting jack to load, and common lifting jack is along with the growth of time, therefore the phenomenon that may occur unloading can further adopt self-locking punching lifting jack to load.
The bearing carrier corresponding with described mobile terminal assembly carries described mobile terminal by rolling mechanism.When applying tension, produce larger friction force between the mobile terminal of end and the bearing carrier of bottom, if can not effectively eliminate friction, the prestretching stress that applies is just inaccurate.In order to reduce friction, the measure of employing has: reserve semicircular groove in the bottom of the mobile terminal of measurement mechanism assembly and the top of bearing carrier, and place at an upper portion thereof steel ball, these steel balls can reduce friction between the two.
Utilize above-mentioned measurement mechanism to carry out the measuring method that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept, comprise the following steps:
(1) preparation dog bone shape concrete sample:
1. coat release agent in the die trial inside of dog bone shape, and then above lay the layer of polyethylene film, and then be coated with the last layer release agent;
2. pack in die trial mixing the reinforcement of concrete perching knife that makes, with the plastic sheeting sealing, to prevent the evaporation of water part, then the temperature in the concrete creep laboratory is controlled at 20 ± 2 ℃ after vibration compacting is floating;
3. prepare simultaneously as stated above test specimen and the compensate for shrinkage test specimen of creeping that stretch, form removal after specimen molding maintenance 20～24h, creep test specimen and compensate for shrinkage test specimen of stretching after form removal used foil sealing immediately, lost to prevent that water from dividing, the compensate for shrinkage test specimen begins to measure concrete self-constriction distortion according to a conventional method when be 24h the length of time;
When 4. arriving the load age of design, randomly draw a dog bone shape concrete sample and carry out according to a conventional method the tensile splitting strength test, to determine the size of concrete creep test specimen load application;
(2) test: the stretching test specimen of creeping is arranged on claim 1 measurement mechanism that Analysis of Concrete Tensile is crept described early stage age, its displacement transducer is installed to be connected to loads on axle;
(3) install, load: the stretching test specimen of creeping is applied the load of creeping and carries out active constraint and test, namely at first screw with the matching used hand oil pump of punching lifting jack on fuel outlet valve, slowly shake oil pump handle test specimen is loaded, whole process is completed within 5min; And record creep load and the loading that apply move forward and backward the reading of sensor; Utilize simultaneously the compensate for shrinkage test specimen to carry out according to a conventional method the self-constriction test; Arrive test design after the length of time, termination test;
(4) record, calculating:
Gather, record the self-constriction test and initiatively retrain the test figure of test; Initiatively retraining trial value deducts the self-constriction trial value and is stretching time deformation value.
The present invention has actively useful effect:
(1) adopt the mode of horizontal positioned concrete sample; Early the concrete tensile strength in the length of time is lower, and the pretension that can apply is less, and deadweight is larger to the stress that concrete produces, and therefore adopts the horizontal positioned concrete sample can eliminate deadweight to the impact of concrete sample diverse location place stress;
(2) the measurement gauge length of selecting is larger, can reduce the error of strain measurement; Because of concrete stretching time deformation less, under the prerequisite of same displacement measurement errors, the gauge length of measurement is larger, and the strain error of measurement is just less;
(3) apparatus of the present invention are simple in structure, and its detection method is simple to operate, and testing cost is low, and accuracy of detection is high, can be applied to engineering practice.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of vertical view of the measurement mechanism that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept;
Fig. 2 is a kind of side view of the measurement mechanism that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept;
Fig. 3 is the trend map that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept.
In figure, 1 is self-locking punching lifting jack, and 2 is linear differential formula displacement transducer, 3 is the mobile terminal assembly, and 4 is base plate, and 5 is waling, 6 is dog bone shape concrete sample, and 7 is the stiff end assembly, and 8 is vertical I-shaped steel part, 9 is horizontal I-shaped steel part, and 10 is vertical I-shaped steel part, and 11 is guardrail, 12 is waling, and 13 is cross reinforcing, and 14 is horizontal I-shaped steel part, 15 is support, and 16 is side plate.
Embodiment
Further set forth the present invention below in conjunction with specific embodiment.
1 one kinds of measurement mechanisms that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept of embodiment, referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 1, comprise coaxial and horizontally disposed stiff end assembly 7 and mobile terminal assembly 3, the constraint framework is (by vertical I-shaped steel part 8, 10, waling 5, 12, be positioned at the horizontal I-shaped steel part 9 of two ends horizontally set, 14, and base plate 4 and side plate 16 formations, overall deformation quantity≤1 μ m), and support 15, described mobile terminal assembly 3 is connected with the self-locking punching lifting jack 1 that is coaxially set by loading axle, and the arranged outside at described mobile terminal assembly 3 has linear differential displacement sensor (LVDT, measuring accuracy reaches 1 μ m) 2, be used for to measure the test specimen mobile terminal in the displacement of drawing process.Semicircular groove is reserved on top at bearing carrier corresponding to the bottom of the mobile terminal of measurement mechanism assembly 3, and places at an upper portion thereof steel ball, to reduce friction between the two.
Utilize above-mentioned measurement mechanism to carry out the measuring method that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept, comprise the following steps:
(1) (length is 1000mm to preparation dog bone shape concrete sample, cross-sectional sizes 100mm * 100mm)
1. coat release agent in the die trial inside of dog bone shape, and then above lay the layer of polyethylene film, and then be coated with the last layer release agent;
2. pack in die trial mixing the reinforcement of concrete perching knife that makes, with the plastic sheeting sealing, to prevent the evaporation of water part, then the temperature in the concrete creep laboratory is controlled at 20 ± 2 ℃ after vibration compacting is floating;
The stretching of 3. preparing simultaneously as stated above some creep test specimen and compensate for shrinkage test specimen, form removal after concrete sample blanks and moulding and conserving 20～24h, creep test specimen and compensate for shrinkage test specimen of form removal after stretching used foil sealing immediately, lost to prevent that water from dividing, the compensate for shrinkage test specimen begins to measure concrete self-constriction distortion when be 24h the length of time;
When 4. arriving the load age of design, carry out the tensile splitting strength test, and the size of definite concrete creep test specimen load application;
(2) test: the stretching test specimen of creeping is arranged on claim 1 measurement mechanism that Analysis of Concrete Tensile is crept described early stage age, the movable end of its displacement transducer (LVDT) is connected and installed in loads on axle;
(3) install, load: the stretching test specimen of creeping is applied the load of creeping and carries out active constraint and test, namely at first screw with the matching used hand oil pump of punching lifting jack on fuel outlet valve, slowly shake oil pump handle test specimen is loaded, whole process is completed within 5min; And record creep load and the loading that apply move forward and backward the reading of sensor; Utilize simultaneously the compensate for shrinkage test specimen to carry out according to a conventional method the self-constriction test; Arrive test design after the length of time, termination test;
(4) record, calculating:
Gather, record the self-constriction test and initiatively retrain the test figure of test; Initiatively retraining trial value deducts the self-constriction trial value and is stretching time deformation value.
Choose a kind of normal concrete match ratio, by changing water cement ratio, prepared as stated above concrete sample, match ratio such as the following table of 5 assembly composition and division in a proportion (as shown in table 1).By campaign, obtain with interior creep degree numerical value in length of time morning (7d), as shown in Figure 3, codomain and the rule of this trial curve reaction meet scientific law, be consistent with the interval of similar tension creep test detected value, and test accuracy are highly improved.
The concrete match ratio of table 1 Different Water-Cement Ratio
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements, all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. measurement mechanism that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept, comprise coaxial and horizontally disposed stiff end assembly and mobile terminal assembly, constraint framework, reach support, it is characterized in that, described mobile terminal is connected with the punching lifting jack that is coaxially set by loading axle, and the arranged outside in described mobile terminal has displacement transducer, is used for measuring the test specimen mobile terminal or/and load axle in the displacement of drawing process.
2. the measurement mechanism that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described displacement transducer is linear differential formula displacement transducer.
3. the measurement mechanism that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described punching lifting jack is self-locking punching lifting jack.
4. the measurement mechanism that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, be provided with bearing carrier below corresponding with described mobile terminal assembly, this bearing carrier connects via rolling mechanism and described mobile terminal assembly, to reduce force of sliding friction between the two.
5. the measurement mechanism that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the deformation quantity of described constraint framework≤1 μ m.
6. measuring method that early stage age, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept comprises the following steps:
(1) preparation dog bone shape concrete sample:
1. coat release agent in the die trial inside of dog bone shape, and then above lay the layer of polyethylene film, and then be coated with the last layer release agent;
2. pack in die trial mixing the reinforcement of concrete perching knife that makes, with the plastic sheeting sealing, divide evaporation to prevent water after vibration compacting is floating, then the temperature in the concrete creep laboratory is controlled at 18～22 ℃;
3. prepare simultaneously as stated above some dog bone shapes concrete sample, respectively as stretching creep test specimen and compensate for shrinkage test specimen, form removal after specimen molding maintenance 20～24h, creep test specimen and compensate for shrinkage test specimen of form removal after stretching used foil sealing immediately, lost to prevent that water from dividing, the compensate for shrinkage test specimen begins to measure concrete self-constriction distortion when be 24h the length of time;
When 4. arriving the load age of design, randomly draw a dog bone shape concrete sample and carry out the tensile splitting strength test, the size of the test specimen load application of creeping to determine to stretch;
(2) test: the stretching test specimen of creeping is arranged on the measurement mechanism that early stage age claimed in claim 1, Analysis of Concrete Tensile was crept, with the movable end of its displacement transducer with described mobile terminal assembly or load the axle installation and dock;
(3) install, load: the stretching test specimen of creeping is applied the load of creeping and carries out active constraint and test; And record creep load and the loading that apply move forward and backward the reading of sensor; Utilize simultaneously the compensate for shrinkage test specimen to carry out according to a conventional method the self-constriction test, arrive test design after the length of time, termination test;
(4) record, calculating:
Gather, record the self-constriction test and initiatively retrain the test figure of test; Initiatively retraining trial value deducts the self-constriction trial value and is stretching time deformation value.
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