CN103141250B - Industrial crop growing method used in rice field - Google Patents
Industrial crop growing method used in rice field Download PDFInfo
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- CN103141250B CN103141250B CN201310061492.0A CN201310061492A CN103141250B CN 103141250 B CN103141250 B CN 103141250B CN 201310061492 A CN201310061492 A CN 201310061492A CN 103141250 B CN103141250 B CN 103141250B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an industrial crop growing method used in a rice field, and aims to change the situation that a conventional growing method adopts only agricultural machinery, which arouses the problems of low power utilization efficiency and higher maintenance cost. The industrial crop growing method used in the rice field comprises the following procedures: (1) land ruralization; (2) driving choice; (3) ridging or rotary tillage; (4) rice transplanting or direct seeding; (5) spraying; (6) field management; and (7) harvesting. The industrial crop growing method effectively improves the utilization efficiency of machinery, greatly reduces manpower investment, lowers the farmer's consumption and improves the production efficiency through achieving multiple functions by only one machine.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to culture technique field, be specially a kind of rice field batch production crop genetics method.
Background technology
In rice field crop genetics mechanization production process, adopt series of agricultural machinery to complete, comprise rotovator, rice transplanter, sower, mechanical spray medicine equipment, grain header etc., illustrate that the function that existing agricultural machinery possesses is comparatively single, can only carry out a certain operation of crop genetics process, as grain header only has harvesting function, rice transplanter, only have rice transplanting function etc., thereby cause the idle and waste of equipment.Although occur the associating Cultivating seed-harrow that some are large-scale, the scope of application is confined to northern nonirrigated farmland, not too applicable for the rice field that south is soft, big machinery easily sink and makes its operational difficulty.Agricultural machinery completes after a certain operation, and follow-up lays and safeguard comparatively difficulty, and power repeats to purchase, and causes the waste of resource.In addition, existing small-sized helicopter is for paddy rice, corn seed producing pollination operation, effective at present, but it is high to purchase aircraft cost.Also have, under paddy ladder type cultivation background, carry out zoology breeding, the fish in rice field, crab manually shift difficulty at growing period, but must carry out field machinery operation, easily cause fish and crab injures and deaths.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome existing cultivation method, adopt the solely present situation of bucket of agricultural machinery singles, the deficiency that power utilization efficiency is not high, maintenance cost is higher, the present invention aims to provide a kind of rice field batch production crop genetics method, this cultivation method passes through a tractor serves several purposes, can significantly reduce labour's input, reduce agriculture consumption and enhance productivity.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:
A rice field batch production crop genetics method, is characterized in, comprises following operation:
1) soil garden farming operation: square is carried out in the rice field after smooth, and each square surrounding is provided with the ridge of sclerosis or compacting;
2) driving is selected: select hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving with hanging apparatus; The driving of described hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type comprises and running gear is contained in the crossbeam in running gear by bracing or strutting arrangement, and the power set that drive running gear walking are housed on described bracing or strutting arrangement; On described crossbeam, be equipped with for lifting the hanging apparatus of farm implements, this hanging apparatus can move back and forth along the length direction of crossbeam;
3) ridging or rotary tillage operation: for the rice field that needs ridging, first basal dressing, then on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, ridging equipment is installed, the running gear of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving is travelled on the ridge of both sides, square rice field; During ridging, hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving stop walking, lifting ridging equipment moves back and forth along crossbeam, play the first ridge, when the first ridge ridging complete, the driving of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type moves ahead after 0.6m ~ 0.7m and stops walking, and ridging equipment moves back and forth the ridging that carries out next ridge along crossbeam, until rice field ridging is complete; After ridging, the distance between adjacent two ridges is 0.6m ~ 0.7m, and ridge height is 0.30m ~ 0.35m;
For the rice field that needs rotary tillage, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, rotary tillage machine is installed rotary tillage is carried out in rice field;
4) rice transplanting or live operation: according to the rice transplanting of Different Crop choose reasonable or live operation; For the field of cultivation double cropping rice, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, transplanting equipment is installed and is carried out rice transplanting; For the field of cultivation semilate rice, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, transplanting equipment to be installed and to be carried out rice transplanting, install live facility Cultivated rapeseed winter on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving;
5) pesticide spraying operation: on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, spraying machine tool is installed and is carried out pesticide spraying;
6) field management operation: according to local crop production flow process, carry out field moisture and disease pest and weed management;
7) results operation: for ripe paddy or rape, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, grain header is installed and is gathered in.
Be below the technical scheme of further improvement of the present invention:
In operation 1) in, the level height of the crossbeam of described hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving is 2.5 ~ 3.0m, and the ceiling height of described hanging apparatus is 2.0 ~ 2.5m, and crossbeam length is 10.0 ~ 30.0m, and lifting freight weight limit is 3t.
In operation 1) in, some fritters that rice field is divided into, every wide 10.0m ~ 30.0m, and the height fall between each rice field should be less than 0.5m, and rice field ridge width is 0.4 ~ 0.6m, in rice field, is arranged to circular arc type for four jiaos, and arc radius is 0.2m ~ 0.3m.
In operation 6) in, in field management operation, in the time of often can not flood irrigation when the water shortage of rice field, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, watering facility be installed crop is sprinkled water.
In operation 4) in, described transplanting equipment comprises 4 ~ 12 seedling pawls, and rice transplanting line number is 8 ~ 10 row, and line-spacing is 0.25 ~ 0.30m, and spacing in the rows is 0.10 ~ 0.23m; 5 ~ 15 grain tubes of described live facility.Further, described transplanting equipment adopts rotary forced rice transplanting.
In operation 5) in, described spraying machine tool comprises water tank and porous spray medicine bar, wherein water tank volume is 50 ~ 100dm
3, porous spray medicine bar is comprised of 10 ~ 60 spray medicine poles, and spray medicine strut lengths is 0.5 ~ 1.0m.
At least one support telescopic bar is housed between described crossbeam and ground.Thus, running gear is walked on ridge, and while needing to turn in driving process, the lower end kiss the earth of support telescopic bar, can be by whole from the lifting of walking to drive a vehicle, and completes and turn to.
Further, in order to facilitate farm implements to move left and right operation, increase the scope of operation of farm implements, described hanging apparatus comprises the packaged type vehicle frame being contained on crossbeam, be contained in the hydraulically extensible bar on packaged type vehicle frame, the suspension member that hangs farm implements is equipped with in the bottom of this hydraulically extensible bar.Further, described crossbeam has is convenient to the guide rail that the relative crossbeam of packaged type vehicle frame moves left and right, and can guarantee that hanging apparatus can move back and forth along the length direction of crossbeam.
Ridging equipment of the present invention, transplanting equipment, live facility, rotary tillage machine, spraying machine tool, grain header, watering facility all can adopt existing conventional structure.
The invention will be further described below:
A rice field batch production crop genetics method, comprises following enforcement operation:
1) soil garden farming operation: rice field is carried out smooth, and rice field is divided into some square, square specification is that 10.0 ~ 30.0m is wide, and length is not limit, and between rice field and rice field, height fall should be less than 0.5m.Rice field foursquare arc type is processed, and arc radius is 0.2 ~ 0.3m, ridge sclerosis or compacting, and width is 0.4 ~ 0.6m.
2) driving is selected: select homemade hydraulic hoisting formula crawler belt (or wheeled) certainly to walk driving, ride height is 2.5 ~ 3.0m, adopts HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM sling height, and ceiling height is 2.0 ~ 2.5m, and crossbeam length is 10.0 ~ 30.0m, and hoisting weight is 3t.
3) ridging or rotary tillage operation: according to the rice field width after garden farming, select the hydraulic pressure landing formula crawler belt (or wheeled) that driving crossbeam is 10 ~ 30m certainly to walk driving, driving walking is upper on the long limit in rice field (ridge), the dress ridging equipment of hanging oneself of driving a vehicle, operation ridging.During ridging operation, drive a vehicle static, the iron tyre that ridging machinery is suspended on driving crossbeam by motor driven moves ahead.The first basal dressing in the front rice field of ridging, rear ridging, the distance between adjacent two ridges is 0.6m ~ 0.7m, ridge height is 0.30m ~ 0.35m.Also ridging not, installs rotary tillage machine rotary tillage in driving, carries out common rice cultivation.
4) rice transplanting or live operation: according to the time of the characteristic of crop and production choose reasonable rice transplanting in season or live operation.General double cropping rice produces and adopts transplanting equipment, and semilate rice is produced can select rice transplanting or live facility, and rape is selected live facility.
Transplanting equipment consists of 4 ~ 12 seedling-transplanting devices, and seedling-transplanting device adopts rotary forced rice transplanting, and rice transplanting line number is 8 ~ 10 row, and line-spacing is 0.25 ~ 0.30m, and spacing in the rows is 0.10 ~ 0.23m.Rice transplanting power is provided by driving.
Live operation is assembled by 5 ~ 15 dispensers, and dispenser comprises that seeds discharging box and seed box form, and each dispenser length is 2m, assembles suitable length spray medicine operation according to field width.Live operation power is provided by driving.
5) pesticide spraying operation: the facility of pesticide spraying operation comprise water tank and porous spray medicine bar.Water tank volume is 50 ~ 100dm
3, porous spray medicine bar is comprised of 10 ~ 60 little spray medicine bars, and little spray medicine pole length is 0.5 ~ 1.0m, assembles suitable length spray medicine operation according to field width.Spray medicine power is provided by driving.
6) field management operation: according to local high crop yield High-efficient Production flow process, strengthen field moisture and disease pest and weed management, often can not flood irrigation as rice field water shortage, can rely on driving to take water and watering and execute.
7) results operation.
Know-why of the present invention: crop production is divided into some operations, be whole ground, live or transplanting, the extermination of disease and insect pest and results, previous operation is that next operation is created executive condition, whether the normalizing operation of operation will affect the operation of next operation, affect crop production and can successfully carry out.Pipeline system standardized production in factory is incorporated in crop production, has effectively improved mechanical utilization ratio, significantly reduced labour's input, reduced agriculture consumption and improved production efficiency.
The present invention is divided into several operations by whole crop genetics method, adopt hydraulic hoisting formula crawler belt (or wheeled) certainly to walk driving for female car, according to the needs in crop production process, load different facility, except ridging and rotary tillage, need to add power, rice transplanting, sowing and spray medicine do not need to add extra power again.The position of driving walking is simultaneously ridge, and hardness is high, can bear large-scale mechanical work and not sagging, and hydraulic hanging device can effectively improve the stability of facility, thereby reduces the degree of dependence to landform planarization, has improved walking safety coefficient.Caterpillar driving walking mode can effectively overcome the narrow and not high shortcoming of hardness of ridge, four jiaos, rice field is designed to circular arc type, can make driving at angle, field, realize smoothly no-radius turns, finally realize the entire mechanization cultivation of crop production process, and effectively improve the utilization ratio of equipment and lower maintenance difficulty.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) reduce labour and drop into, reduced labor cost and improved production efficiency;
2) Mechanical Driven wheel not in field walking, is realized the full-time operation of crop production whole day in ridge motion, reduces and loses because planting the agriculture consume causing of changing crops in quickly;
3) Mechanical Driven wheel, in field walking, can be ignored the situations such as field moisture, crop, and has realized low agriculture consumption operation (if field lack of water is can not rice transplanting time, can relies on driving to provide bucket for oneself and realizing drought and insert and water);
4) whole crop production process is divided into some operations, has realized batch production production;
5) according to different farm work contents, in driving, assemble different facility, realize driving one car multiplex, significantly improved mechanical utilization ratio, and be convenient to the maintenance of equipment.
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the present invention is further elaborated.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of hydraulic hoisting crawler type of the present invention or self-propelled wheel-type driving.
In the drawings:
1-running gear; 2-support column; 3-crossbeam; 4-support telescopic bar; 5-hydraulically extensible bar;
6-suspension member; 7-bracing or strutting arrangement; 8-hydraulic system; 9-power set.
Embodiment
April in December, 2011-next year, rice field is carried out smooth, and rice field is divided into some square, square specification is that 26m is wide, and 76m is long, and between rice field and rice field, height fall is 0.2m.Rice field foursquare arc type is processed, and arc radius is 0.3m, ridge compacting, and width is 0.4m.
On May 10th, 2012 raising rice seedlings, kind is excellent No. 1 of Y two.
On May 20th, 2012, select homemade hydraulic hoisting formula crawler belt from walking driving, lifting ridging equipment carries out ridging operation.Described hydraulic hoisting formula crawler belt is from walking driving, as shown in Figure 1, comprise crossbeam 3, be arranged on the bracing or strutting arrangement 7 at crossbeam 3 two ends and be arranged on the running gear 1 of bracing or strutting arrangement 7 lower ends, the dynamical system 9 and the hydraulic system 8 that are arranged on crossbeam 3 tops, be arranged on the hanging apparatus on crossbeam 3.On described crossbeam 3, be provided with two guide rails; Described bracing or strutting arrangement 7 comprises left and right support column and floating bearing; Described running gear 1 adopts crawler-type traveling.Described hanging apparatus comprises packaged type vehicle frame, hydraulically extensible bar 5 and plays suspender member 6; The sling height of this hanging apparatus is by HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM, and sling height is up to 3m.Two groups of support telescopic bars 4 are housed between described crossbeam 3 and ground, and for driving, when needs turn to, the lifting of driving a vehicle, makes approximately 0.05 ~ 0.1m of running gear built on stilts, is convenient to running gear break-in.
Described hydraulic hoisting formula crawler belt is 3.0m from the ride height of walking driving, adopts HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEM sling height, and ceiling height is 2.5m, and crossbeam length is 26m, and hoisting weight is 3t.Driving walking is upper on the long limit in rice field (ridge), the dress ridging equipment of hanging oneself of driving a vehicle, operation ridging.The first basal dressing in the front rice field of ridging, rear ridging, the distance between adjacent two ridges is 0.6m ~ 0.7m, ridge height is 0.30m ~ 0.35m.During ridging operation, drive a vehicle static, the iron tyre that ridging machinery is suspended on driving crossbeam by motor driven moves ahead.
On May 23rd, 2012, lifting transplanting equipment carries out rice seedling transplanting, and transplanting equipment consists of 10 seedling-transplanting devices, and seedling-transplanting device adopts rotary forced rice transplanting, and rice transplanting line number is 10 row, and line-spacing is 0.25m, and spacing in the rows is 0.15m.Rice transplanting power is provided by driving.
According in rice growth process, a situation arises adopts driving lifting spraying machine tool to carry out the extermination of disease and insect pest for damage by disease and insect.Facility comprise water tank and porous spray medicine bar.Water tank volume is 50dm3, and porous spray medicine bar is comprised of 26 little spray medicine bars, and little spray medicine pole length is 1.0m.Spray medicine power is provided by driving.
Meanwhile, according to local high crop yield High-efficient Production flow process, append fertilizer, the best period of appending fertilizer is after rice transplanting after 7 ~ 10 days and rice transplanting 35 ~ 45 days in good time.Strengthen field water management, as rice field water shortage often can not flood irrigation.
On September 26th, 2012, adopt driving lifting grain header tool to carry out mechanical harvesting.
The content that above-described embodiment is illustrated should be understood to these embodiment only for being illustrated more clearly in the present invention, and be not used in, limit the scope of the invention, after having read the present invention, those skilled in the art all fall within the application's claims limited range to the modification of the various equivalent form of values of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a rice field batch production crop genetics method, is characterized in that, comprises following operation:
1) soil garden farming operation: square is carried out in the rice field after smooth, and each square surrounding is provided with the ridge of sclerosis or compacting;
2) driving is selected: select hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving with hanging apparatus; The driving of described hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type comprises and running gear (1) is contained in the crossbeam (3) in running gear (1) by bracing or strutting arrangement (7), and the power set (9) that drive running gear (1) walking are housed on described bracing or strutting arrangement (7); On described crossbeam (3), be equipped with for lifting the hanging apparatus of farm implements, this hanging apparatus can move back and forth along the length direction of crossbeam (3);
3) ridging or rotary tillage operation: for the rice field that needs ridging, first basal dressing, then on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, ridging equipment is installed, the running gear of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving is travelled on the ridge of both sides, square rice field; During ridging, hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving stop walking, lifting ridging equipment moves back and forth along crossbeam (3), play the first ridge, when the first ridge ridging complete, the driving of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type moves ahead after 0.6m ~ 0.7m and stops walking, and ridging equipment moves back and forth along crossbeam (3) ridging that carries out next ridge, until rice field ridging is complete; After ridging, the distance between adjacent two ridges is 0.6m ~ 0.7m, and ridge height is 0.30m ~ 0.35m;
For the rice field that needs rotary tillage, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, rotary tillage machine is installed rotary tillage is carried out in rice field;
4) rice transplanting or live operation: according to the rice transplanting of Different Crop choose reasonable or live operation; For the field of cultivation double cropping rice, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, transplanting equipment is installed and is carried out rice transplanting; For the field of cultivation semilate rice, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, transplanting equipment to be installed and to be carried out rice transplanting, install live facility Cultivated rapeseed winter on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving;
5) pesticide spraying operation: on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, spraying machine tool is installed and is carried out pesticide spraying;
6) field management operation: according to local crop production flow process, carry out field moisture and disease pest and weed management;
7) results operation: for ripe paddy or rape, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, grain header is installed and is gathered in.
2. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in operation 2) in, the level height of the crossbeam (3) of described hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving is 2.5 ~ 3.0m, the ceiling height of described hanging apparatus is 2.0 ~ 2.5m, crossbeam (3) length is 10.0 ~ 30.0m, and lifting freight weight limit is 3t.
3. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in operation 1) in, some fritters that rice field is divided into, every wide 10.0m ~ 30.0m, and the height fall between each rice field should be less than 0.5m, and rice field ridge width is 0.4 ~ 0.6m, in rice field, be arranged to circular arc type for four jiaos, arc radius is 0.2m ~ 0.3m.
4. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in operation 6) in, in field management operation, in the time of often can not flood irrigation when the water shortage of rice field, on the hanging apparatus of hydraulic hoisting crawler type or self-propelled wheel-type driving, watering facility be installed crop is sprinkled water.
5. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in operation 4) in, described transplanting equipment comprises 4 ~ 12 seedling pawls, and rice transplanting line number is 8 ~ 10 row, and line-spacing is 0.25 ~ 0.30m, and spacing in the rows is 0.10 ~ 0.23m; 5 ~ 15 grain tubes of described live facility.
6. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in operation 5) in, described spraying machine tool comprises water tank and porous spray medicine bar, wherein water tank volume is 50 ~ 100dm
3, porous spray medicine bar is comprised of 10 ~ 60 spray medicine poles, and spray medicine strut lengths is 0.5 ~ 1.0m.
7. according to the rice field batch production crop genetics method one of claim 1 ~ 6 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, at least one support telescopic bar (4) is housed between described crossbeam (3) and ground.
8. according to the rice field batch production crop genetics method one of claim 1 ~ 6 Suo Shu, it is characterized in that, described hanging apparatus comprises the packaged type vehicle frame being contained on crossbeam (3), be contained in the hydraulically extensible bar (5) on packaged type vehicle frame, the suspension member (6) that hangs farm implements is equipped with in the bottom of this hydraulically extensible bar (5).
9. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 8, is characterized in that, described crossbeam (3) has is convenient to the guide rail that the relative crossbeam of packaged type vehicle frame (3) moves left and right.
10. batch production crop genetics method in rice field according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described transplanting equipment adopts rotary forced rice transplanting.
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| CN106234107A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-12-21 | 江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所 | A kind of standard tea place building method of applicable mechanization management |
| CN109997762B (en) * | 2019-03-21 | 2024-06-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院水稻研究所 | Ecological planting and raising unit for rice |
| CN112042624B (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-02-22 | 彭振丽 | Greenhouse suspension type conveying sprinkling irrigation device for agriculture |
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| CN2233158Y (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1996-08-21 | 胡宁宁 | Seedling separator of rice transplanter |
| MX2007007248A (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2008-02-25 | Withcott Seedlings Qld Pty Ltd | Harvesting method and apparatus for leafy vegetables or legumes. |
| CN201541441U (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-08-11 | 韶关市丰一工贸有限公司 | Rotary cultivator |
| CN202197499U (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-04-25 | 河南银丰机械制造有限公司 | Ridger of rotary tiller |
| CN202310503U (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-07-11 | 郝德有 | One-time forming rotary tiller |
| CN102550158A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2012-07-11 | 北京市农林科学院 | Mulching drainage method for orchard |
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2013
- 2013-02-27 CN CN201310061492.0A patent/CN103141250B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2233158Y (en) * | 1995-09-05 | 1996-08-21 | 胡宁宁 | Seedling separator of rice transplanter |
| MX2007007248A (en) * | 2004-12-15 | 2008-02-25 | Withcott Seedlings Qld Pty Ltd | Harvesting method and apparatus for leafy vegetables or legumes. |
| CN201541441U (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-08-11 | 韶关市丰一工贸有限公司 | Rotary cultivator |
| CN102550158A (en) * | 2010-12-20 | 2012-07-11 | 北京市农林科学院 | Mulching drainage method for orchard |
| CN202197499U (en) * | 2011-08-01 | 2012-04-25 | 河南银丰机械制造有限公司 | Ridger of rotary tiller |
| CN202310503U (en) * | 2011-10-31 | 2012-07-11 | 郝德有 | One-time forming rotary tiller |
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