Summary of the invention
Above-mentionedly can't to extract the problem of fine copper and pure zinc from brass in order solving, to the objective of the invention is to disclose a kind of energy consumption low, the method for fine copper and pure zinc of extracting from brass that economic worth is high.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
Extract the method for fine copper and pure zinc from brass, adopt following step:
(1) raw material is added carry out melting in airtight smelting furnace, feed-pipe and screw rod are set in smelting furnace, screw rod is in feed-pipe, screw rod rotation and by the hollow channel of nitrogen in screw rod to rushing the nitrogen operation in the outlet of feed-pipe and smelting furnace, the nitrogen that pours is no more than 80 ℃, and the air outlet of hollow channel of nitrogen is on the non-stress face of screw rod bottom; During melting, the interior temperature of smelting furnace remains between 950 ℃-1050 ℃; Raw material comprises brass, coke powder and quartz;
(2) regulate air pressure in smelting furnace by the inflated with nitrogen in the smelting furnace of the pressure regulation porthole on melting furnace wall, remain that the air pressure in smelting furnace is in barotropic state, the nitrogen temperature that pours is over 100 ℃;
(3) zinc fume that becomes of zinc boiling postforming, CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas that the coke powder burning forms and other carbide gas drain into refrigerating unit by the outlet of the zinc gas on smelting furnace and carry out cooling process, then carbon monoxide enters in the carbon monoxide storage tank, be respectively pure zinc powder and solid-state carbide particle after zinc fume and other carbide gas are cooling, both separation are namely obtained pure zinc powder;
(4) waste residue that is suspended on copper liquid is discharged from the airtight slag-drip opening of smelting furnace, and copper liquid is discharged from the smelting furnace bottom and obtained fine copper.
As preferably, described pure zinc powder separates by water with solid-state carbide particle.
As preferably, described pressure regulation porthole adds coke powder when pouring nitrogen, and the air pressure during melting in smelting furnace remains between 1Mpa-25Mpa.
As preferably, the described hollow tube that inserts in the pressure regulation porthole rushes nitrogen and the operation that adds coke powder, and by copper liquid in hollow tube stir-melting stove, rushing nitrogen pressurizes and has increased the smelting efficiency of smelting furnace, accelerated the dissolving of waste residue by pressurization, copper wherein, zinc and oxygen have been separated out, rush the chemical reaction that nitrogen has also completely cut off oxygen and copper, zinc, the copper that obtains and the purity of zinc have been guaranteed, add coke powder inhaling of oxygen burning again, namely this operation has further improved the purification efficiency of copper and zinc, has also improved the purification output of copper and zinc.Rush nitrogen itself and be exactly the chemical reaction for oxygen and copper, zinc, and the malleation in smelting furnace can prevent that air from entering.
As preferably, by the raw material in the lifting stir-melting stove of screw rod.
As preferably, the described coke powder gross weight that adds is the 1%-10% of brass weight, and the quartzy gross weight that adds is the 1%-10% of brass weight.
As preferably, describedly by the hollow channel of nitrogen in screw rod, the nitrogen operation is rushed in the outlet of feed-pipe and smelting furnace, the nitrogen that pours is no more than 0 ℃, and the effect of this nitrogen is the chemical reaction of cooling and isolating oxygen and copper, zinc, thus temperature to be no more than 0 ℃ of cooling-down effect better; When rushing nitrogen by the hollow channel of nitrogen in screw rod, the air outlet of hollow channel of nitrogen is in the top of copper liquid end face all the time, and security is good.
As preferably, the air outlet of described hollow channel of nitrogen is on the non-stress face of screw rod bottom.
As preferably, described smelting furnace comprise airtight body of heater and on feed-pipe and screw rod, the main part of feed-pipe and screw rod is in airtight body of heater, on the external feed-pipe of sealed furnace, opening for feed is set, screw rod is in feed-pipe, be provided for rushing the hollow channel of nitrogen of nitrogen in screw rod, it is external that the inlet mouth of hollow channel of nitrogen is in sealed furnace, and the air outlet of hollow channel of nitrogen is on the non-stress face of screw rod bottom; The top of airtight body of heater arranges the outlet of zinc gas, and the bottom of airtight body of heater arranges the outlet of copper liquid, and the sealed furnace body sidewall is provided with the pressure regulation porthole, and the below of pressure regulation porthole arranges airtight slag-drip opening, also is provided with the monitor of monitoring stove internal gas pressure on airtight body of heater.
Adopted the method for fine copper and pure zinc of extracting of such scheme from brass, adopted airtight body of heater to carry out melting to brass, not only completely cut off a large amount of air and reduced production energy consumption, and near the environment of effectively having controlled brass furnace has been not contaminated.screw rod rotation is also rushed the nitrogen operation by the hollow channel of nitrogen in screw rod to outlet and the smelting furnace of feed-pipe, the nitrogen that pours is no more than 80 ℃, an effect is that screw rod is lowered the temperature, prevent the overheated dilatational strain of screw rod, in case the overheated dilatational strain of screw rod just can't play the effect of stirring, especially screw rod is in feed-pipe, the air outlet of hollow channel of nitrogen is on the non-stress face of screw rod bottom has well protected screw rod, in a single day raw material falls into the copper liquid in smelting furnace, a large amount of hot gas comprises that ammonia will be toward rising, the effect that ejection nitrogen in screw rod this moment bottom can well play cooling prevents that hot gas from upwards making the screw rod upper deformation, prevent from simultaneously occuring in feed-pipe the situation of burning, this is also that screw rod is arranged on reason in feed-pipe, screw rod is exposed just easily distortion in airtight body of heater all, on the thrust surface of screw rod, screw rod just is very easy to damage if the air outlet of hollow channel of nitrogen is in, and above-mentioned design has guaranteed the work-ing life of screw rod.Rush the chemical reaction that nitrogen has also completely cut off oxygen and copper, zinc during charging, guaranteed the copper that obtains and the purity of zinc, can effectively control solution height in smelting furnace and charging situation etc. by screw rod, operate very convenient.During melting, the interior temperature of smelting furnace remains between 950 ℃-1050 ℃, this temperature makes zinc in brass transfer zinc fume to, copper in brass becomes liquid copper, make the lubricated wet goods organism on brass raw material surface become gaseous state, for condition has been created in the purification of copper and zinc, the too low above-mentioned requirements that do not reach of temperature, the too high energy consumption of temperature is high, waste greatlyr, especially more easily obtain pure zinc at the temperature of 950 ℃-1000 ℃.Regulate air pressure in smelting furnace by the inflated with nitrogen in the smelting furnace of the pressure regulation porthole on melting furnace wall, remain that the interior air pressure of smelting furnace is in barotropic state and prevents entering of air, the nitrogen temperature that pours is over 100 ℃, the nitrogen of this moment directly pours in the copper liquid of furnace bottom, and temperature is too low easily blasts.Carbon monoxide enters in the carbon monoxide storage tank, and carbon monoxide is to be formed by the burning such as coke powder, and carbide gas comes from the lubricating oil of brass surfaces and raw material other organic compound combustion.
In sum, the advantage that should extract the method for fine copper and pure zinc from brass is safe and convenient to use, the low large problem of environmental pollution of having improved traditional extracting method existence of energy consumption, and passable high efficiency extraction fine copper and pure zinc, economic worth is very high.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with Fig. 1, the specific embodiment of the present invention is made a detailed explanation.
The method of fine copper and pure zinc of extracting from brass as shown in Figure 1, adopt following step:
(1) raw material is added carry out melting in airtight smelting furnace, as shown in Figure 1, smelting furnace comprise airtight body of heater 1 and on feed-pipe 2 and screw rod 3, the main part of feed-pipe 2 and screw rod 3 is in airtight body of heater 1, on feed-pipe 2 outside airtight body of heater 1, opening for feed 21 is set, screw rod 3 is in feed-pipe 2, be provided for rushing the hollow channel of nitrogen 31 of nitrogen in screw rod 3, the inlet mouth of hollow channel of nitrogen is in outside airtight body of heater 1, and the air outlet 32 of hollow channel of nitrogen 31 is on the non-stress face of screw rod bottom; The top of airtight body of heater 1 arranges zinc gas outlet 13, the bottom of airtight body of heater 1 arranges copper liquid outlet 13, airtight body of heater 1 sidewall is provided with pressure regulation porthole 4, and the below of pressure regulation porthole 4 arranges airtight slag-drip opening 11, also is provided with the monitor of monitoring stove internal gas pressure on airtight body of heater 1; Rush the nitrogen operation in screw rod 3 rotation and the outlet by the 31 pairs of feed-pipes 2 of hollow channel of nitrogen in screw rod 3 and smelting furnace, the nitrogen that pours is no more than 80 ℃, and the air outlet 32 of hollow channel of nitrogen 31 is on the non-stress face of screw rod bottom; During melting, the interior temperature of smelting furnace remains between 950 ℃-1050 ℃; Raw material comprises brass, coke powder and quartz;
(2) regulate air pressure in smelting furnace by the inflated with nitrogen in the smelting furnace of the pressure regulation porthole 4 on melting furnace wall, remain that the air pressure in smelting furnace is in barotropic state, the nitrogen temperature that pours is over 100 ℃;
(3) zinc fume that becomes of liquid Zn boiling postforming, CO (carbon monoxide converter) gas that the coke powder burning forms and other carbide gas drain into refrigerating unit by the outlet of the zinc gas on smelting furnace 13 and carry out cooling process, then carbon monoxide enters in the carbon monoxide storage tank, be respectively pure zinc powder and solid-state carbide particle after zinc fume and other carbide gas are cooling, both separation are namely obtained pure zinc powder, and specifically pure zinc powder separates by water difference by weight with solid-state carbide particle;
(4) coke powder and the quartzy waste residue that waits that are suspended on copper liquid are discharged from the airtight slag-drip opening 11 of smelting furnace, and copper liquid is discharged from the smelting furnace bottom and obtained fine copper.
Above-mentioned pressure regulation porthole 4 adds coke powder when pouring nitrogen, the air pressure during melting in smelting furnace remains between 1Mpa-25Mpa.Insert the operation that hollow tube 41 rushes nitrogen and adds coke powder in the pressure regulation porthole, and by copper liquid in hollow tube 41 stir-melting stoves, rushing nitrogen pressurizes and has increased the smelting efficiency of smelting furnace, accelerated the dissolving of waste residue by pressurization, copper wherein, zinc and oxygen have further been separated out, rush the chemical reaction that nitrogen has also completely cut off oxygen and copper, zinc, the copper that obtains and the purity of zinc have been guaranteed, add coke powder inhaling of oxygen burning again, namely this operation has further improved the purification efficiency of copper and zinc, has separated out the purification amount that copper in the waste residue and zinc have also improved copper and zinc.Hollow tube 41 is only rushing nitrogen and is using when adding coke powder, and used time hollow tube 41 is not removed pressure regulation porthole 4 and is airtight state.Rush nitrogen itself and be exactly the chemical reaction for oxygen and copper, zinc, and the malleation in smelting furnace can prevent that air from entering.The above-mentioned coke powder gross weight that adds is the 1%-10% of brass weight, and the quartzy gross weight that adds is the 1%-10% of brass weight, by the raw material in the lifting stir-melting stove of screw rod 3.Above-mentionedly by the hollow channel of nitrogen in screw rod 3, outlet and the smelting furnace of feed-pipe 2 rushed the nitrogen operation, the nitrogen that pours is no more than 0 ℃, the effect of this nitrogen is the chemical reaction of cooling and isolating oxygen and copper, zinc, therefore to be no more than 0 ℃ of cooling-down effect better for temperature, when rushing nitrogen by the hollow channel of nitrogen 31 in screw rod 3, the air outlet 32 of hollow channel of nitrogen 31 is in the top of copper liquid end face all the time, and security is good.