CN103109633A - Fertilization method for improving yield of sugar grass - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fertilization method for sugar grass. The fertilization method is characterized in that a cultivated field is in a low-altitude area which is lower than 500m in the Three Gorges Dam area in China; the soil is yellow soil; the pH value of the soil is 7.2; the dosage of a nitrogenous fertilizer in unit area is 150-250kg/hm<2>; the dosage of a phosphatic fertilizer in unit area is 70-120kg/hm<2>; the dosage of a potash fertilizer in unit area is 70-120kg/hm<2>; 40% of a nitrogenous fertilizer, all the phosphatic fertilizer and the potash fertilizer are taken as base fertilizers; the residual 60% of the nitrogenous fertilizer is used as top application after being cut for the first time and the second time respectively according to the mean dosage; the base fertilizers are fertilized one day before seeding; all the phosphatic fertilizer and the potash fertilizer, and the 40% of the nitrogenous fertilizer are evenly mixed and sprayed on the surface and then are covered; 3-5 seeds are fed to each nest by using a nest sowing method; the seeding amount is 30kg/hm<2>; the nest distance is 30-40cm; and watering is timely carried out after seeding. By adopting the method, the roles of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphatic fertilizer and the potash fertilizer can be effectively and fully played; the yield of the sugar grass is improved; the quality of the sugar grass is improved; the palatability of the sugar grass is enhanced; and the fertilization method is especially suitable for the Three Gorges Dam area in China and another areas which are similar to the Three Gorges Dam area in China on the aspects of environments and climatic conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the herbage fertilizing method, be specifically related to improve the fertilizing method of sugar grass output.
Background technology
Sugar grass is a kind of good economic crops and bio-energy crop in China, has drought resisting, water-fastly floods, anti-saline and alkaline characteristics, both can be used as feed (hay or ensilage are raised, are processed into to green grass or young crops), also can be used for producing alcohol fuel.Along with the development of herbvore livestock breeding, the feeding sugar grass area of artificial planting increases year by year.Yet, to find by inquiry, the sugar grass volume variance of different regions plantation is larger." method that heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore is plant sweet sorghum " as the CN102405746B bulletin, this patent is reduced to below 0.4% sugar grass soil plough horizon in sowing time salt content by series of measures such as whole ground, the icing irrigation of salt water in winter, Spring Plastic-film Tomato covering, cultivation managements.Moisture content remains on 25-26%, thereby has guaranteed the insemination and emergence of sugar grass; When rainy season set, can further reduce soil salt, make the root district of sugar grass all be in low-salt environment in whole vegetative period, guarantee the normal growth of sugar grass, per mu yield cane 2.8-3.2 ton.In a word, according to the natural conditions of locality, selecting rational amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, join simultaneously and execute different phosphorus potash fertilizer, determine suitable fertilising scheme, is the important channel of improving sugar grass yield per unit area.
The China Three Gorges reservoir area is positioned at Upper Yangtze River two sides, extends across between 28 ° 10 '-31 ° 13 ' of north latitude, and between 105 ° 11 '-110 ° 38 ' of east longitudes, the gross area is 10.6 ten thousand sq-kms.Due to the own thermodynamic status in the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the differentia influence thereof that are subjected to Asia continent east and south, add power and the thermodynamic activity of Qinghai-Tibet megarelief, changed the planetary system of winds, thereby formed obvious monsoon climate and corresponding Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaf Forest view, whole reservoir area belongs to middle subtropical zone monsoon humid climate.According to reservoir area landform, soil condition, exploring the fertilizing method that improves sugar grass output again, to satisfy the needs of development aquaculture, is the new problem that faces.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of fertilizing method that improves sugar grass output, the method can be given full play to the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer effectively, improve the output of sugar grass, improve quality, strengthen palatability, be specially adapted to China Three Gorges reservoir area and other environment, area that weather conditions are close.
The fertilizing method of a kind of sugar grass of the present invention is characterized in that:
(1) planting site is the China Three Gorges reservoir area lower than the low height above sea level area of 500 meters, and soil is yellow soil, and pH is 7.2; The sugar grass kind is " strong man sugar grass ";
(2) the unit are nitrogen fertilizer amount is 150～250kg/hm
2(kilogram/hectare), Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 70～120kg/hm
2, Potassium Fertilizer is 70～120kg/hm
240% nitrogenous fertilizer is made base fertilizer with whole phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and remaining 60% nitrogenous fertilizer topdresses respectively at being used as by average consumption after cradling for the first time and cradling for the second time;
(3) in the previous day of sowing, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, impose on equably the railway carriage or compartment face, covering with after the nitrogenous fertilizer of whole phosphorus, potash fertilizer and 40% and fine earth mixing;
(4) adopt the nest broadcasting method, 3～5 sweet sorghum seeds of every nest, seeding quantity is 30kg/hm
2, nest after planting in time waters apart from 30～40cm;
(5) after cradling for the first time (growing height reaches 100cm), execute for the first time immediately and topdress, with 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product;
(6) after cradling for the second time, execute for the second time immediately and topdress, with 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product.
2. described a kind of fertilizing method that improves sugar grass output, it is characterized in that: described phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, and described potash fertilizer is potassium sulphate, and described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea.
The fertilizing method of described a kind of sugar grass, its fertilizer treatment is:
(1) the unit are amount of urea is 250kg/hm
2(kilogram/hectare), the superphosphate consumption is 120kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 120kg/hm
2
(2) all superphosphate 120kg and potassium sulphate 120kg make base fertilizer, and the urea of 150kg topdresses;
(3) in the previous day of sowing, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, will impose on equably the railway carriage or compartment face after whole superphosphate 120kg and potassium sulphate 120kg and 100kg urea and fine earth mixing, cover;
(4) adopt the nest broadcasting method, 3～5 sweet sorghum seeds of every nest, seeding quantity is 30kg/hm
2, nest after planting in time waters apart from 30～40cm;
(5) after cradling for the first time, execute for the first time immediately and topdress, use urea 75kg; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product;
(6) after cradling for the second time, execute for the second time immediately and topdress, use urea 75kg; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product.
Urea and phosphorus potash fertilizer that this fertilizing method uses are more, and effect of increasing production is obvious.
Described a kind of fertilizing method that improves sugar grass output, its fertilizer treatment is:
(1) the unit are amount of urea is 250kg/hm
2(kilogram/hectare), the superphosphate consumption is 70kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 70kg/hm
2
(2) urea 100kg and whole superphosphate 70kg, potassium sulphate 70kg make base fertilizer, and 150kg urea topdresses;
(3) in the previous day of sowing, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, will impose on equably the railway carriage or compartment face after whole superphosphate 70kg, potassium sulphate 70kg and part urea 100kg fine earth mixing, cover;
(4) adopt the nest broadcasting method, 3～5 sweet sorghum seeds of every nest, seeding quantity is 30kg/hm
2, nest after planting in time waters apart from 30～40cm;
(5) after cradling for the first time, execute for the first time immediately and topdress, use urea 75kg; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product;
(6) after cradling for the second time, execute for the second time immediately and topdress, use urea 75kg; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product.
This fertilizing method uses nitrogenous fertilizer higher, and phosphorus potash fertilizer is lower, and the yield per unit area of sugar grass is the highest, can be used as the best fertilising scheme of sugar grass.
The fertilizing method of described a kind of sugar grass, its fertilizer treatment is:
(1) the unit are amount of urea is 100kg/hm
2(kilogram/hectare), the superphosphate consumption is 50kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 100kg/hm
2
(2) all superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulphate 100kg and 40kg urea are made base fertilizer, and 60kg urea topdresses;
(3) in the previous day of sowing, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, will impose on equably the railway carriage or compartment face after whole superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulphate 100kg and 40kg urea and fine earth mixing, cover;
(4) adopt the nest broadcasting method, 3～5 sweet sorghum seeds of every nest, seeding quantity is 30kg/hm
2, nest after planting in time waters apart from 30～40cm;
(5) after cradling for the first time, execute for the first time immediately and topdress, use urea 30kg; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product;
(6) after cradling for the second time, execute for the second time immediately and topdress, use urea 30kg; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product.
This fertilizing method, minimum with nitrogenous fertilizer, sugar grass yield per unit area descends obviously.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: under low height above sea level yellow soil (pH the is 7.2) condition in China Three Gorges reservoir area, the establishing in large scale sugar grass provides the fertilising foundation of science; Effectively given full play to the effect of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the output of sugar grass is increased substantially, quality is improved, and has strengthened palatability; Other environment, the area that weather conditions are close with the China Three Gorges reservoir area also can be used for reference.
Embodiment
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
The fertilizing method of a kind of sugar grass of the present invention,
The fertilizing method of a kind of sugar grass of the present invention is characterized in that:
(1) planting site is the China Three Gorges reservoir area lower than the low height above sea level area of 500 meters, and soil is yellow soil, and pH is 7.2; The sugar grass kind is " strong man sugar grass ";
(2) the unit are nitrogen fertilizer amount is 150～250kg/hm
2(kilogram/hectare), Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 70～120kg/hm
2, Potassium Fertilizer is 70～120kg/hm
240% nitrogenous fertilizer is made base fertilizer with whole phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and remaining 60% nitrogenous fertilizer topdresses respectively at being used as by average consumption after cradling for the first time and cradling for the second time;
(3) in the previous day of sowing, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, impose on equably the railway carriage or compartment face, covering with after the nitrogenous fertilizer of whole phosphorus, potash fertilizer and 40% and fine earth mixing;
(4) adopt the nest broadcasting method, 3～5 sweet sorghum seeds of every nest, seeding quantity is 30kg/hm
2, nest after planting in time waters apart from 30～40cm;
(5) after cradling for the first time (growing height reaches 100cm), execute for the first time immediately and topdress, with 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product;
(6) after cradling for the second time, execute for the second time immediately and topdress, with 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product.
The soil of implementing the place is yellow soil.The content of nitrogen and phosphorous is lower, and the content of organic matter is relatively high.Its part Agrochemical characters sees Table 1.
Table 1 is for the basic physicochemical property of examination soil
The kind of implementing use be " strong man sugar grass " (sugar grass a kind of), and the employing type of seeding is planted, in sowed April 16 then wholely.Nest is broadcast, 3～5, every nest, and seeding quantity is 30kg/hm
2, nest after planting in time waters apart from 30～40cm.
Fertilising: phosphate fertilizer superphosphate, the potash fertilizer potassium sulphate is all made base fertilizer; Nitrogenous fertilizer urea, 40% makes base fertilizer, and 60% topdresses, and uses respectively urea 30% when cradling and cradling for the second time for the first time.
Base fertilizer was used prior to seeding in one day, will impose on equably the railway carriage or compartment face after phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and 40% urea and fine earth mixing, covered.Nitrogenous fertilizer imposes respectively 30% of nitrogen pool and topdresses cradling for the first time and cradle for the second time; Field management: respectively at carrying out artificial weeding on May 26 and June 26.
Implement to establish altogether 9 processing, each is treated to an embodiment.
Embodiment one (namely processing for No. 1): the unit are amount of urea is 0kg/hm
2, the superphosphate consumption is 0kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 0kg/hm
2
Embodiment two (namely processing for No. 2): the unit are amount of urea is 250kg/hm
2, the superphosphate consumption is 120kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 120kg/hm
2
Embodiment three (namely processing for No. 3): the unit are amount of urea is 250kg/hm
2, the superphosphate consumption is 70kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 120kg/hm
2
Embodiment four (namely processing for No. 4): the unit are amount of urea is 250kg/hm
2, the superphosphate consumption is 70kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 70kg/hm
2
Embodiment five (namely processing for No. 5): the unit are amount of urea is 250kg/hm
2, the superphosphate consumption is 120kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 70kg/hm
2
Embodiment six (namely processing for No. 6): the unit are amount of urea is 150kg/hm
2, the superphosphate consumption is 120kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 120kg/hm
2
Embodiment seven (namely processing for No. 7): the unit are amount of urea is 150kg/hm
2, the superphosphate consumption is 70kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 70kg/hm
2
Embodiment eight (namely processing for No. 8): the unit are amount of urea is 150kg/hm
2, the superphosphate consumption is 120kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 70kg/hm
2
Embodiment nine (namely processing for No. 9): the unit are amount of urea is 150kg/hm
2, the superphosphate consumption is 70kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 120kg/hm
2
Cradle altogether 3 times.Produce respectively at gathering on June 13, August 10 and September 18 to survey; Grass yield: adopt the method that cradles to measure bright careless output, air-dry rate is obtained hay yield per sample.First and second time grass yield is measured in shooting stage and heading stage and is carried out, and the 3rd survey originated in and finished mid-September, and after this amount of growth of a period of time is not counted in output.
Nine kinds of processing of table 2 and sugar grass output unit: kg/hm
2
Result shows:
(1) fertilising is to sugar grass output successful.The output of embodiment four (namely processing for No. 4) is the highest, reaches 13950.1kg/hm
2, be secondly embodiment two (namely No. 2 process), significant differences both all is significantly higher than the output of other fertilizer treatment.What output was minimum is embodiment one (namely process for No. 1, be control treatment), only reaches 9505.4kg/hm
2, be secondly embodiment nine (namely processing for No. 9), output reaches 10704.8kg/hm
2
(2) at phosphorus, the identical (70kg/hm of potassium level
2) in situation, the output of sugar grass increases along with the raising of amount of nitrogen, amount of nitrogen 150kg/hm
2The time, output is that embodiment seven (namely processing for No. 7) reaches 11686.2kg/hm
2, amount of nitrogen is increased to 250kg/hm
2The time, output is embodiment four (namely processing for No. 4) 13950.1kg/hm
2, significant difference.
(3) be increased to 120kg/hm at nitrogen, potassium level
2The time, embodiment two (namely processing for No. 2) reaches 12127.5kg/hm
2, embodiment four (namely processing for No. 4) output 13950.1kg/hm
2, embodiment six (namely processing for No. 6) output 11720.2kg/hm
2, embodiment seven (namely processing for No. 7) output 11686.2kg/hm
2Under this condition, along with the increase of executing phosphorus, potassium amount, but the urea amount minimizing also causes the yield reducation of sugar grass.
As seen from the above analysis, different fertilization and harvest time all have larger impact to the output of sugar grass.Within the specific limits, phosphorus, potash fertilizer are less to the yield effect of sugar grass, but the content that increases nitrogen can significantly improve the output of sugar grass.
As select the sugar grass kind namely to consist of other 4 embodiment for " No. 1, refined Tianjin ", " No. 2, refined Tianjin ", " No. 3, refined Tianjin " or " No. 4, refined Tianjin ".
Claims (5)
1. the fertilizing method of a sugar grass is characterized in that:
(1) planting site is the China Three Gorges reservoir area lower than the low height above sea level area of 500 meters, and soil is yellow soil, and pH is 7.2;
(2) the unit are nitrogen fertilizer amount is 150～250kg/hm
2, Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates is 70～120kg/hm
2, Potassium Fertilizer is 70～120kg/hm
240% nitrogenous fertilizer is made base fertilizer with whole phosphorus, potash fertilizer, and remaining 60% nitrogenous fertilizer topdresses respectively at being used as by average consumption after cradling for the first time and cradling for the second time;
(3) in the previous day of sowing, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, impose on equably the railway carriage or compartment face, covering with after the nitrogenous fertilizer of whole phosphorus, potash fertilizer and 40% and fine earth mixing;
(4) adopt the nest broadcasting method, 3～5 sweet sorghum seeds of every nest, seeding quantity is 30kg/hm
2, nest after planting in time waters apart from 30～40cm;
(5) after cradling for the first time, execute for the first time immediately and topdress, with 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product;
(6) after cradling for the second time, execute for the second time immediately and topdress, with 30% of nitrogenous fertilizer total amount; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product.
2. a kind of fertilizing method that improves sugar grass output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described phosphate fertilizer is superphosphate, and described potash fertilizer is potassium sulphate, and described nitrogenous fertilizer is urea.
3. the fertilizing method of according to claim 1 with 2 described a kind of sugar grasses is characterized in that:
(1) the unit are amount of urea is 250kg/hm
2, the superphosphate consumption is 120kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 120kg/hm
2
(2) all superphosphate 120kg and potassium sulphate 120kg make base fertilizer, and the urea of 150kg topdresses;
(3) in the previous day of sowing, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, will impose on equably the railway carriage or compartment face after whole superphosphate 120kg and potassium sulphate 120kg and 100kg urea and fine earth mixing, cover;
(4) adopt the nest broadcasting method, 3～5, every nest, seeding quantity is 30kg/hm
2, nest after planting in time waters apart from 30～40cm;
(5) after cradling for the first time, execute for the first time immediately and topdress, use urea 75kg; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product;
(6) after cradling for the second time, execute for the second time immediately and topdress, use urea 75kg; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product.
4. according to claim 1 with 2 described a kind of fertilizing methods that improve sugar grass output is characterized in that:
(1) the unit are amount of urea is 250kg/hm
2, the superphosphate consumption is 70kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 70kg/hm
2
(2) urea 100kg and whole superphosphate 70kg, potassium sulphate 70kg make base fertilizer, and 150kg urea topdresses;
(3) in the previous day of sowing, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, will impose on equably the railway carriage or compartment face after whole superphosphate 70kg, potassium sulphate 70kg and part urea 100kg fine earth mixing, cover;
(4) adopt the nest broadcasting method, 3～5, every nest, seeding quantity is 30kg/hm
2, nest after planting in time waters apart from 30～40cm;
(5) after cradling for the first time, execute for the first time immediately and topdress, use urea 75kg; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product;
(6) after cradling for the second time, execute for the second time immediately and topdress, use urea 75kg; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product.
5. the fertilizing method of according to claim 1 with 2 described a kind of sugar grasses, its fertilizer treatment is:
(1) the unit are amount of urea is 100kg/hm
2(kilogram/hectare), the superphosphate consumption is 50kg/hm
2, the potassium sulphate consumption is 100kg/hm
2
(2) all superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulphate 100kg and 40kg urea are made base fertilizer, and 60kg urea topdresses;
(3) in the previous day of sowing, apply fertilizer to the subsoil, will impose on equably the railway carriage or compartment face after whole superphosphate 50kg, potassium sulphate 100kg and 40kg urea and fine earth mixing, cover;
(4) adopt the nest broadcasting method, 3～5 sweet sorghum seeds of every nest, seeding quantity is 30kg/hm
2, nest after planting in time waters apart from 30～40cm;
(5) after cradling for the first time, execute for the first time immediately and topdress, use urea 30kg; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product;
(6) after cradling for the second time, execute for the second time immediately and topdress, use urea 30kg; During spraying fertilizer, it is 1.5～2% the aqueous solution that urea is mixed with weight, evenly sprays to get final product.
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| CN103999662A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-08-27 | 郎溪县十字镇林华粮食种植家庭农场 | Planting technology of red sorghum with high anti-disaster capacity |
| CN106982629A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-07-28 | 吉林大学 | The implantation methods of sorghum |
| CN108668806A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-19 | 铜仁学院 | A method of it plants sweet sorghum in Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta |
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| CN103999662A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2014-08-27 | 郎溪县十字镇林华粮食种植家庭农场 | Planting technology of red sorghum with high anti-disaster capacity |
| CN106982629A (en) * | 2017-04-01 | 2017-07-28 | 吉林大学 | The implantation methods of sorghum |
| CN108668806A (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2018-10-19 | 铜仁学院 | A method of it plants sweet sorghum in Saline-alkaline Soils of Yellow River Delta |
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Application publication date: 20130522 |