CN101455155A - Sweet sorghum comprehensive utilization system - Google Patents
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- CN101455155A CN101455155A CNA2008102408700A CN200810240870A CN101455155A CN 101455155 A CN101455155 A CN 101455155A CN A2008102408700 A CNA2008102408700 A CN A2008102408700A CN 200810240870 A CN200810240870 A CN 200810240870A CN 101455155 A CN101455155 A CN 101455155A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a sweet sorghum comprehensive utilization system comprising process of planting sweet sorghum, producing the sweet sorghum to obtain ethanol, and using the branches and leaves of harvested sweet sorghum and the dregs obtained in the ethanol production process as feedstuff. The system which can realize the comprehensive utilization of sweet sorghum can produce products mainly comprises sorghum rice gluten flour, biodiesel and biological gasoline, thereby, great economic benefit and social benefit can be realized.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to grain processing and applied technical field.More specifically, the present invention relates to sweet sorghum comprehensive utilization system.
[background technology]
Biofuel oil is meant and utilizes all kinds of plant and animal greases to be raw material that the modification of process esterification becomes can be for a kind of novel renewable environmental protection liquid fuel of internal combustion engine use.The available vegetable oil of biofuel oil mainly contained originally: sugar grass and sorgo stalk, rape seed, sunflower seed, cottonseed, soybean, corn, peanut, little paulownia seed, potato, beet, sugarcane, pawpaw, yellow horn, Chinese pistache, Jatropha curcas, smooth bark book, cyperus, the root of kudzu vine etc.The animal fat raw material mainly contains all kinds of livestock and poultry greases, fish oil, waste edible oil, waste oil, swill wet goods such as industrial lard, cattle and sheep chicken and duck.Being converted into biodiesel, biogasoline by moderate heat cracking, biomass cracking or alcoholysis process, is the substitute products of the petroleum fuel oil of high-quality, also is typical green, environmental protection, renewable energy resources.
As new forms of energy, alcohol fuel is commonly called as " fuel alcohol ", is to be raw materials for production with wheat, corn, Chinese sorghum, potato class or vegetable fiber, has cleaning, advantage renewable, capable of circulation.Alcohol fuel can further be made ethanol petrol and ethanol diesel fuel.Therefore, the development Aalcohols fuel helps problems such as petroleum resources exhaustion, atmospheric pollution, also gives simultaneously to promote raw material industry---agricultural development.
Chinese sorghum is one of the world four big cereal, except that edible, or the high-quality liquor-making raw material, but preparing alcohol, starch, sugar.Sugar grass has the saccharogenesis Chinese sorghum, is " high energy crop ", belongs to the annual herb plant, and the stem stalk is edible, and blade is made the livestock magnetic therapy, and fringe portion makes broom, and seed is the primary raw material of wine brewing.Its productivity is good, the yield and output value height.Wide adaptability requires not tight to soil.General bright stalk per mu yield Gao Zheke reaches 8.9 tons to sugar grass more than 120 days breeding time, and per mu yield is worth more than 3000 yuan.It is not only than corn yield height, strong stress resistance, and cost is low by 50%, with seed few (every mu few 0.5 kilogram), than more economical by Maize Production ethanol, more can not strive ground with existing crops.And, its remarkable in economical benefits, social benefit is good.5000 kilograms of the every per mu yield stem of sugar grass stalks produce seed 300-600 kilogram, but add up to 460 kilograms of producing and ethanols.
That food leaf grass has is cold-resistant, alkali resistant, characteristics such as drought-enduring, waterlogging, fast growth, output height.Its protein content height (being higher than 30%), nutritive value is very high, and after testing, it contains 18 seed amino acids, organic selenium, SOD etc., is applicable to the additive of making all feeds, vegetables and smart grain.
At present, also do not find sugar grass and food leaf grass are carried out comprehesive deep-processing technology, for this reason, the inventor has carried out a large amount of further investigations, has made the present invention finally.
[summary of the invention]
[technical problem that will solve]
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of sweet sorghum comprehensive utilization system, this system can comprehensively realize raw material planting, processing, production, and the waste material in the processing process can be used as the required raw material of other production in the system, effectively reduces pollution source; This system can produce huge economic benefit, deep social benefit, possesses very application prospects.
[technical scheme]
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions.
The present invention relates to a kind of sweet sorghum comprehensive utilization system.This system comprises:
The cultivation of A, sugar grass:
(i) kind is selected:
Described sugar grass kind is selected from the red seed in Anhua, seed, Xing Xiangliang are deceived No. 4 in Anhua; Wherein, Xing Xiangliang is for No. 4 feeding the and energy sugar grass kind of being bred by Chinese sorghum research center, academy of agricultural sciences, Hunan Province, the about 3.5-3.8 rice of plant height, and the stem stalk is sturdy, about 2.5 centimetres of middle and lower part stem stalk diameter; Stem stalk sugar content height, juice sugar purity can reach 15-20%, every mu of about 6500-7500 kilogram of bright bar output, the seed per mu yield can reach the 300-600 kilogram;
(ii) whole ground and fertilising:
Selection has irrigation conditions, and is organic abundant, the soil that soil layer is deep;
Execute farmyard manure in conjunction with satisfy wholely or execute 10-30 kilogram urea or 30-50 kilogram compound diammonium hydrogen phosphate fertilizer according to every mu, and wait to broadcast behind the subsoil mixing;
(iii) sow and seedling raising and transplanting:
Sowing: begin sowing when mean of dekan temperature reaches more than 12 ℃, adopt program request or broadcast sowing, seeding row spacing is 15-20 centimetre, seed level: sandy loam 3-4 centimetre, clay is 2-3 centimetre; In general, the spring sowing of Chinese sorghum April early and middle ten days begin, from being seeded into five growthdevelopmental stages such as ripe experience insemination and emergence phase, seedling phase, jointing-booting stage, full heading time, filling oar maturing stage, be generally 120-130 days the breeding time of spring sowing Chinese sorghum early-maturing variety, medium variety is 130-140 days, and late-maturing variety is more than 140 days; During sowing, the mu seeding quantity is the 1.0-1.5 kilogram;
Seedling raising and transplanting: grew seedlings in 20-30 days before transplanting, transplant when 5-6 sheet leaf is arranged, cut off blade tip behind the lifting, transplant density 6500-7000 strain for every mu, in time water after the transplanting, guarantee to survive;
(iv) field management:
Thinning in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, final singling: field piece bad for seeding quality or that soil insect is caused harm serious will in time be filled the gaps with seedlings, and the water that applies fertilizer partially promotes to catch up with rapidly field run plant.Thinning early can avoid seedling to strive water and nutrient mutually, and thinning is carried out during the 2-3 leaf;
Intertill and clean tillage and ridging: the seedling phase of 2-3 leaf is carried out the intertillage first time, can carry out in conjunction with thinning, plays the effect that improves ground temperature, eliminates weeds; Intertillage was for the second time carried out in conjunction with final singling in the 4-6 leaf phase, and about 10 centimetres of the degree of depth to cut off the top layer root system, are impelled under the root system and pricked; Intertillage for the third time can be carried out in intertillage back for the second time in 10-15 days, and in conjunction with soil dressing, can earth up greatly during about 70 centimetres of plant height, promoted the growth of nodose root, prevented lodging, was beneficial to water drainage and irrigated;
Irrigate in real time, guarantee the moisture of sugar grass growth needs;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: sugar grass pol height is subject to aphid damage, with public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals or decis, menazon, cypermethrin control.When discovery has snout moth's larva harm lobus cardiacus or after the sugar grass heading, snout moth's larva harm fringe portion can spray decis.Sugar grass seldom has disease, generally need not to carry out anti-specially.
The processing of B, sugar grass
The sweet sorghum stalk that obtains during the sugar grass harvesting squeezes and obtains liquid glucose and sugar grass slag, and described liquid glucose concentrates and obtains syrup and crystal sugar; The branch that described sugar grass slag obtains when gathering in sugar grass with make after leaf mixes, can adopt the method production feed of describing among Chinese patent application CN200610047707.3, the CN200510119524.3 particularly.
Perhaps, described sugar grass slag obtains ethanol and vinasse, the CO that produces in the brewing process through brewageing operation
2Perhaps be used to produce methyl alcohol, perhaps with its CO
2Deliver to the described operation of brewageing and produce ethanol, described vinasse are delivered to and are produced feed operation production feed.
Using described sugar grass slag to produce the method for ethanol for example can be referring to following patent or patent application: CN 200510099322.7, CN 200410035439.4, CN 200410035604.6, CN200410035604.6, CN 02151719.3, CN 200510076876.5, CN 200510076833.7, CN 200510099322.7, CN 200610109409.2, CN 200610134397.9, CN200710010720.6, CN 200710080388.0, CN 200710057584.6, CN200710100322.3, CN 200710071641.6, CN 200520110119.0, CN200610047707.3, CN 200610047711.X etc.
Particularly, method ethanol production comprises the steps:
(1) saccharification operation
Adopt enzyme process to carry out continuous conversion, saccharification temperature 60-62 ℃, in about 36 hours of reaction time, DE (starch degree of hydrolysis) is worth greater than 97%.After sterilization, be transported to fermentation procedure then;
The enzyme that uses in the saccharification operation can be the group bacterium enzyme that Shenzhen Pergo Europ AB produces and sells.The enzyme amount of using is in liquid glucose gross weight 3-5% in this operation, preferably 3.8%.
The equipment that the employed equipment of this saccharification react can select for use Qingdao Haier Group to produce.
(2) seed culture and fermentation procedure
Usually, yeast test tube slant seed activation, triangular flask are cultivated and are entered the cultivation of Ka Shi jar, enter yeast pure culture (PC) jar again and spread cultivation, and enter the pre-culture tank of yeast at last and spread cultivation, and the adding yeast nutritire salt is strong to guarantee yeast.The mature yeast kind requires: do not have assorted bacterium, form neat and consistent, mash yeast cells dry weight is greater than 3%.The scene employing continuous culture method that spreads cultivation, 4 fermentation tank continuous fermentation methods are adopted in alcoholic fermentation, about 14 hours of total fermentation time, fermentation temperature 38-40 ℃, the final alcohol concentration of fermenting is greater than 12% (v/v), and the fermentation residual sugar is less than 0.2%;
(3) yeast separation operation
After the yeast tank enlarged culture finishes, separate drawing yeast from mash, these yeast can be used as additional seed liquor and are back in the main fermentation tank, keep the yeast count of fermentation tank, and isolated clear liquid enters storage tank, prepares distillation.
(4) distillation, dehydration
Mash clear liquid in the described storage tank is sent into destilling tower carry out alcohol distillation, adopt multi-tower distillation, draw the alcohol of 96% (v/v) concentration, remove residual moisture through the further dehydration of molecular sieve, obtain the above absolute ethyl alcohol of 99.6% (v/v), the quality of this absolute ethyl alcohol meets standard GB 18350-2001.Residue can adopt normally used in the art roller drying or spray drying technology to make powdery (dusty yeast).
The CO of Shou Jiing during the fermentation
2After washing, irritate storage, prepare to be used to produce methyl alcohol and ammonium bicarbonate fertilizer.Use CO
2Produce the technology that methyl alcohol and carbonic hydroammonium can adopt production methyl alcohol known to those skilled in the art and carbonic hydroammonium to adopt usually.
Table 1: the standard GB 18350-2001 of denatured fuel ethanol
According to a kind of preferred implementation of above-mentioned sugar grass utilization system, this system also comprises:
The sugar grass fringe that obtains during the sugar grass harvesting obtains sugar grass rice through threshing, and described sugar grass rice grinds and obtains sugar grass ground rice.
People know that also food leaf grass is to draw a kind after hybridizing with wild Tianshan Mountains garden sorrel and edge England far away garden sorrel the earliest, hybridizes the species that the back generates with Manchurian japanese dock leaf again, can be used as the human novel vegetable.
The nutritive value of food leaf grass is very high, detects through nutritional quality laboratory, Vegetable Research center, Beijing, and it contains 18 seed amino acids, organic selenium, SOD, carotin, xanthophyll etc.The protein content of its blade is greater than 33%, be 1.5 times of clover grass, vitamin is up to every kilogram of 622mg, and indispensable material especially earns a bare living---and potassium element content is very high, other mineral matter element such as selenium, iron, calcium, copper equal size are also very high, see the following form 2.
Table 2
| Title | Vitamin C | Protein | Calcium | Iron | Zinc | Selenium | Potassium | Beta carotene |
| Rape | 34 | 1.9 | 148 | 2.5 | 0.73 | 0.7 | 232 | 0.93 |
| A variety of Chinese cabbage | 17 | 1.1 | 71 | 2.1 | - | 1.4 | 82 | - |
| Leek | 36 | 3.6 | 42 | 0.6 | 0.25 | 1.25 | 169 | 0328 |
| Cucumber | 13 | 1.1 | 28 | 0.4 | 0.28 | 0.17 | 0.4 | 0.08 |
| Tomato | 22 | 1.1 | 14 | 0.3 | 0.2 | 0.52 | - | 0.4 |
| Food leaf grass | 46 | 32 | 94.7 | 2.98 | 0.45 | 0.36 | 677.9 | 4.1 |
In the present invention, the food leaf grass of plantation is handled in maturation results back drying, grinds to form food leaf grass meal again;
Described sugar grass ground rice mixes with described food leaf grass meal and obtains albumen flour.Wherein, sugar grass ground rice is 3:1 with the mixed proportion of food leaf grass meal.Protein content can reach 15-30 weight % in the described albumen flour.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, this system can also comprise the feed production part.
The sugar grass shell that the sugar grass fringe can be obtained through threshing, describedly brewage vinasse that operation obtains and mix with the food leaf grass of results and obtain a kind of feed.Wherein, described sugar grass shell, described vinasse are 6:4:2 with the part by weight of food leaf grass.
The feed that adopts the inventive method to obtain can be fed pig, and the finished product pig obtains meat, blood and skin etc. through butchering, and pork can be made into pork product, and blood is made blood product, and leather becomes leather and fur products or other goods.
Making pork product, blood at meat makes blood product, leather and becomes the refuse that produces in the leather and fur products process and feed the ight soil that pig produces and be mixed and made into fertilizer, wherein, described refuse can mix by arbitrary proportion with ight soil, mix the back stacking and obtain described fertilizer through the spontaneous fermentation slaking, these fertilizer can be used to plant sweet sorghum and eat the leaf grass.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, this system can also comprise ethanol or methanol production biodiesel or the biogasoline that uses the present invention to produce.In the present invention, described pure production method of bio-diesel oil can adopt the method for for example describing in CN 200510082787.1, CN 200710054063.5, CN200510041267.6, CN 200510012660.2 etc.The production method of described biogasoline can adopt the method for for example describing in CN 02104311.6, CN 200410000017.3, CN200410048043.3, CN 200510003046.X, CN 200610018562.4, CN200610071272.6 etc.
A preferred embodiment of the invention, this system comprise that also food leaf grass is processed into the operation of feed, and the livestock of this forage feed ox, sheep, pig, rabbit and so on can also be fed the poultry of duck, goose, chicken and so on, can also feed aquatic biologicals such as fish, crab.
The processing method of described feed can be the method that those skilled in the art adopt usually, also can adopt the feed production method of for example describing in CN 00134750.0, CN 02132643.6, CN 200410012532.3, CN 200510041089.7 etc.
The livestock of use forage feed of the present invention or the milk that poultry obtains, egg, hair are made dairy produce, egg products, woolen or chenille article; Form ox, sheep, goose, chicken and obtain meat, blood and skin through butchering, meat is made meat products, blood is made blood product, and leather becomes leather and fur products or other goods.
Wherein, dairy produce such as cheese, milk slag, skin on boiled milk, butter and sour milk.Cheese can be with the milk heating of extracting butter, fermentation, squeezes the water out to make.Cheese is packed in the felt pocket, and further moisture is removed in extruding, spreads out dried drying, and is the milk slag.Fresh milk is contained in the pot, with slow fire infusion at leisure, the skin on boiled milk that can congeal into gradually in the surface of milk.The method for making of sour milk can be: with milk boiling, pour wooden barrel into, add a spot of old sour milk and make leavening, temperature breeds lactic acid bacteria between 30 degrees centigrade to 40 degrees centigrade in a large number, and lactose in milk is resolved into lactic acid.Along with the continuous increase of lactic acid acidity, the casein in the milk begins precipitation, condenses into the bulk as tender bean curd, and produces a kind of smell of fragrance, Here it is sour milk.
Described egg products for example can be the extensive in the market lime-preserved egg of selling, salted egg, cake, protein food, mayonnaise, salad flavor enhancement, ice cream etc., and they can adopt the common known method of those skilled in the art to produce.
Described woolen for example can be fur, knitting wool, hair side material etc.They can adopt the common known method of those skilled in the art to produce.
Described meat products comprises a plurality of classes, as pickled and cured meat (as bacon class, sauce (envelope) meat, air-dry meat), sauce spiced and stewed food class (as the meat that boils in plain water, sauce halogen meat, Steamed salted pork in wine class), the baked goods of smouldering class (as sootiness meat, barbecue meat), dried product class (as dried meat floss class, jerky class and jerky class), fried meat products class, sausage goods class, ham product class etc.They can adopt the common known method of those skilled in the art to produce.
Described chenille article such as knitting wool, velvet fabric, suede fabric etc.
According to a kind of preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ight soil that produces when refuse that wherein said processing produces and nursing ox, sheep, goose, chicken is made fertilizer with food leaf grass meal, and these fertilizer are used for sugar grass and the plantation of eating the leaf grass.They can adopt the common known method of those skilled in the art to produce.
[beneficial effect]
The present invention can realize the comprehensive utilization to sugar grass, and the major product of system of the present invention is biodiesel, biogasoline, ethanol, and by product is the Related product of flour, feed, fertilizer and aquaculture.Native system can be realized economic benefit and social benefit.Wherein, be far longer than the average level of industry, can also promote agriculture industrialization, increase farmers' income by the income (gross profit/gross investment) that native system obtained, and the products obtained therefrom environmental protection has environment protection significance, and, can realize turning waste into wealth owing to the scientific utilization in the system.
[description of drawings]
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of sweet sorghum comprehensive utilization system of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the flow process chart of sugar grass among the embodiment 1;
Fig. 3 is the flow process chart of biofuel oil among the embodiment 1.
[embodiment]
Embodiment 1
Select the construction place of Dafeng City as present embodiment, its production scale is to produce 150000 tons of alcohol fuels, 300,000 tons of biodiesel, 300,000 tons of biogasolines, 500,000 tons of full nutrition stalk protein feeds, 500,000 tons of biological organic fertilizers, 40,000 of beef cattles, 1.5 ten thousand of nipple, 200,000 tons in sorghum rice albumen flour per year, plant sweet sorghum 400,000 mu, food leaf grass 100,000 mu, yellow horn 10,000,000 strains.
The construction scale of present embodiment sees Table 3.
Table 3
The cultivation of A, sugar grass:
(i) kind is selected:
Described sugar grass kind is selected Xing Xiangliang for use No. 4, and Xing Xiangliang is for No. 4 feeding the and energy sugar grass kind of being bred by Chinese sorghum research center, academy of agricultural sciences, Hunan Province, the about 3.5-3.8 rice of plant height, and the stem stalk is sturdy, about 2.5 centimetres of middle and lower part stem stalk diameter; Stem stalk sugar content height, juice sugar purity can reach 15-20%, every mu of about 6500-7500 kilogram of bright bar output, the seed per mu yield can reach 3500 kilograms;
(ii) whole ground and fertilising:
Select Dafeng City's irrigation conditions good, organic abundant, the soil that soil layer is deep;
Execute farmyard manure in conjunction with satisfy wholely or execute 15 kilograms of urea according to every mu, and wait to broadcast behind the subsoil mixing;
(iii) sow and seedling raising and transplanting:
Sowing: select mean of dekan temperature to reach and begin sowing more than 12 ℃, adopt program request, seeding row spacing is 18 centimetres, and seed level 3-4 centimetre, the mu seeding quantity is the 1.0-1.5 kilogram; From being seeded into five growthdevelopmental stages such as ripe experience insemination and emergence phase, seedling phase, jointing-booting stage, full heading time, filling oar maturing stage;
Seedling raising and transplanting: transplant and grew seedlings in preceding 25 days, transplant when 5-6 sheet leaf is arranged, cut off blade tip behind the lifting, transplant density 6700 strains for every mu, in time water after the transplanting, guarantee to survive;
(iv) field management:
Thinning in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, final singling: field piece bad for seeding quality or that soil insect is caused harm serious will in time be filled the gaps with seedlings, and the water that applies fertilizer partially promotes to catch up with rapidly field run plant.Thinning early can avoid seedling to strive water and nutrient mutually, and thinning is carried out during the 2-3 leaf;
Intertill and clean tillage and ridging: the seedling phase of 2-3 leaf is carried out the intertillage first time, can carry out in conjunction with thinning, plays the effect that improves ground temperature, eliminates weeds; Intertillage was for the second time carried out in conjunction with final singling in the 4-6 leaf phase, and about 10 centimetres of the degree of depth to cut off the top layer root system, are impelled under the root system and pricked; Intertillage for the third time can be intertilled for the second time and be carried out in back 12 days, and in conjunction with soil dressing, can earth up greatly during about 70 centimetres of plant height, promotes the growth of nodose root, prevents lodging, is beneficial to water drainage and irrigates;
Irrigate in real time, guarantee the moisture of sugar grass growth needs;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: sugar grass pol height, be subject to aphid damage, prevent and treat every mu of usage amount 500g with decis.
The processing of B, sugar grass
Harvesting has obtained the residue (mainly being branches and leaves) that produces in sweet sorghum stalk, sugar grass seed and the harvesting process, and wherein sweet sorghum stalk and part seed are used to produce alcohol.
(1) liquefaction operation: at first the sugar grass seed is pulverized, the sugar grass seed water slurrying after the pulverizing, powder slurry concentration reaches 23%, adds high temperature resistant α-Dian Fenmei, is heated to 100-105 ℃ of temperature with steam jet ejector then and liquefies 100 minutes.
(2) saccharification operation: the enzyme process that the powder slurry that above-mentioned steps is obtained adopts those skilled in the art to know carries out continuous conversion, and in 61 ℃ of 36 hours following reaction time of saccharification temperature, the DE value is greater than 97%.Be transported to fermentation procedure through sterilizing, being cooled to then.
(3) seed culture and fermentation procedure: slant tube seed activation, triangular flask are cultivated and are entered the Ka Shi jar and cultivate, and jar spread cultivation entering yeast pure culture (PC), enter the pre-culture tank of yeast recently and spread cultivation, and it is strong to guarantee yeast to add yeast nutritire salt.The mature yeast kind requires: do not have assorted bacterium, form neat and consistent, mash yeast cells dry weight is greater than 3%.The scene employing continuous culture method that spreads cultivation, 4 fermentation tank continuous fermentation methods are adopted in alcoholic fermentation, and total fermentation time is 14 hours, 39 ℃ of fermentation temperatures, the final alcohol concentration of fermenting is greater than 12% (v/v), and the fermentation residual sugar is less than 0.2%; The yeast that uses is the normally used distillery yeast of alcohol production technical field.
(4) yeast separation operation: the yeast that the mash of last main fermentation tank draws after separating can be used as additional seed liquor and is back in the main fermentation tank, keeps the yeast count of fermentation tank, and isolated clear liquid enters storage tank, prepares distillation.
(5) distillation, dehydration: clear mash after the separated yeast, enter destilling tower and carry out alcohol distillation, adopt conventional alcohol distillation multitower to distill, obtain the alcohol of 96% (v/v) concentration, remove residual moisture through the further dehydration of molecular sieve, obtain the above absolute ethyl alcohol of 99.6% (v/v).Isolated yeast is after separating from fermentation tank, and a part adds to fermentation tank No. 1 as seed, and major part adopts roller drying or atomized drying to make powdery (dusty yeast).
Like this, syrup liquid fermentation back separated yeast, distilled spirit, the gained mash does not contain solid matter, is subacidity, and COD is 3000, and BOD is 2000, can be directly as farmland irrigation water.
The ethanol testing result that above-mentioned operation is produced gained sees Table 4.
Table 4
The branch that the slag that sweet broomcorn straw squeezing back produces obtains when gathering in sugar grass adds food leaf grass with leaf and mixes the feed of back as milk cow, beef cattle; On the other hand, brewage the CO that produces in the ethanol process
2Be used to produce methyl alcohol and deliver to again and brewage operation and produce ethanol, brewage the slag that obtains also as the feed of milk cow, beef cattle.
Ethanol that zythepsary gets and/or methyl alcohol are used for production biodiesel and biogasoline.
Gained biodiesel quality amount sees Table 5.
Table 5
Gained biological gasoline oil quality sees Table 6.
Table 6
| Sequence number | Project | Quality index | Result of the test |
| 1 | Knock rating research octane number (RON) (RON) is not less than uprising index (RON+MON) and is not less than | 93 88 | 102.7 89.6 |
| 2 | Lead content is not more than | 0.005 | 0.00012 |
| 3 | Boiling range: 10% recovered (distilled) temperature, ℃ be not higher than 50% recovered (distilled) temperature, ℃ be not higher than 99% recovered (distilled) temperature, ℃ be not higher than the end point of distillation, be not higher than residual quantity, be not more than | 70 120 190 205 2 | 59 77 136 187 1.2 |
| 4 | Vapour pressure is not more than | 80 | 51 |
| 5 | Existent gum, mg/100ml is not more than | 5 | 3.6 |
| 6 | Induction period, be not less than | 480 | 520 |
| 7 | Sulfur content, % (m/m) is not more than | 0.10 | 0.012 |
| 8 | Copper corrosion, (50 ℃ of .3h) level is not more than | 1 | La |
| 9 | Water soluble acid or alkali | Do not have | Do not have |
| 10 | Mechanical admixture | Do not have | Do not have |
| 11 | Moisture, % is not more than | 0.80 | 0.38 |
| 12 | Methanol content, % (v/v) is not less than | 15-65 | 71 |
| 13 | Benzene content, % (v/v) is not more than | 2.5 | 1.66 |
| 14 | Arene content, % (v/v) is not more than | 40 | 18.5 |
| 15 | Olefin(e) centent, % (v/v) is not more than | 35 | 28.2 |
Another part sugar grass seed that harvesting obtains grinds and obtains sugar grass ground rice, then, the food leaf grass of plantation is in maturation results back drying, grind to form food leaf grass meal, sugar grass ground rice mixed obtaining albumen flour with weight ratio 3:1 ratio with food leaf grass meal, the protein content that obtains is 23 weight %.
Food leaf grass can also and the slag mixing of squeezing the juice and obtaining of harvesting the sugar grass branches and leaves, the sweet broomcorn straw that obtain, its ratio is 4:6:2, makes feed, can be used for the domestic animal that keeps fowls, as pig, ox, sheep, goose etc.
With this feed that contains food leaf grass is main, raises weightening finish more than 20% than conventional feed; Feed chicken and laid eggs in 10 days in advance, laying rate improves about 10%; Feed ox, sheep raising growth rate more than 20%, the rate of giving milk improves 30-60%; The quality of meat, egg, milk is significantly improved.
The finished cattle test
Test method is example with the pairing method, experimental group feed of the present invention, and concrete proportioning is the slag that 4: 6 food leaf grass, sugar grass branches and leaves, sweet broomcorn straw squeezed the juice and obtained; The control group corn straw feedstuff.60 days experimental periods, unified raising method in experimental period, gaining effect sees Table 7:
Table 7
| Group | Fate | Number | Ox body weight before the test | Test back ox body weight | Average weight gain | Average daily gain |
| Experimental group | 60 | 10 | 280 kilograms | 396 kilograms | 116 kilograms | 1.93 kilogram |
| Control group | 60 | 10 | 280 kilograms | 345 kilograms | 65 kilograms | 1.08 kilogram |
The result of table 7 clearly illustrates that, use feed of the present invention that ox average weight gain and average daily gain all are higher than control group very significantly, the evaluation weightening finish of experimental group and average daily gain are than almost one times of control group height, therefore, use forage feed ox of the present invention to occupy very significantly economic implications.
Simultaneously, the raising of also having measured feed of the present invention and control feed is little green, as table 8:
Table 8
| Group | Ox body total augment weight amount | The feed wastage in bulk or weight | Feedstuff-meat ratio |
| Experimental group | 1160 kilograms | 11800 kilograms | 10.2:1 |
| Control group | 650 kilograms | 11800 kilograms | 19:1 |
The result of table 8 clearly illustrates that, uses feed of the present invention to obtain feedstuff-meat ratio and will significantly be lower than control group, and the feedstuff-meat ratio that experimental group reaches is half of control group.Therefore, this experimental group illustrates equally and uses forage feed ox of the present invention to have very significantly economic implications.
Utilize food leaf grass to add the biological feedstuff of stalk pig-keeping experiment
The experimental group forage compounding is: maize straw 40%, food leaf grass 50%, other 10%, after fermentation, be a granulated into biological feedstuff, about 0.83 yuan/kilogram of cost.
The control group forage compounding is: distiller's grain meal 20%, corn 60%, wheat bran 10%, other 10%, about 1.48 yuan/kilogram of feed cost.
It is similar to raise pig method and above-mentioned rear cattle.Observed the weightening finish situation of raising pig pig before and after test, its result such as table 9:
Table 9
| Group | Fate | Number | Pig body weight before the test | Test back pig body weight | Average daily gain |
| Experimental group | 90 | 10 | 25 kilograms | 117 kilograms | 1.02 kilogram |
| Control group | 90 | 10 | 25 kilograms | 108 kilograms | 0.92 kilogram |
The result of table 9 clearly shows, use feed of the present invention that pig average weight gain and average daily gain all are higher than control group, the average weight gain of experimental group and average daily gain are high more about 10% than control group, therefore, use forage feed pig of the present invention to have very significantly economic implications.
Simultaneously, also measure the feeding efficiency of bold and unrestrained ambiguous feed and control feed, seen Table 10:
Table 10
| Group | Pig total augment weight amount | The feed wastage in bulk or weight | Feedstuff-meat ratio |
| Experimental group | 1180 kilograms | 5668 kilograms | 4.80:1 |
| Control group | 1170 kilograms | 5773 kilograms | 4.93:1 |
The result of table 10 shows that clearly the feedstuff-meat ratio that uses feed of the present invention to obtain is obvious, and therefore, these data show equally uses forage feed pig of the present invention to have very significantly economic implications.
Also the feed that uses feed of the present invention and control group is carried out economic analysis below, it the results are shown in Table 11.
Table 11
| Group | Feed cost is used | Per kilogram weightening finish expense | The per kilogram market price | The per kilogram net income |
| Experimental group | 0.68 kilogram | 3.33 kilogram | 6.5 unit | 3.167 unit |
| Control group | 1.18 kilogram | 5.66 kilogram | 6.5 unit | 0.94 unit |
The result of table 11 shows the economic well-being of workers and staff that the economic well-being of workers and staff of use feed acquisition of the present invention obtains far above control group, therefore, feed of the present invention can allow the peasant obtain very high economic benefit in rear cattle, the pig etc. by being engaged in, thereby greatly improves peasant's plantation and raising enthusiasm.
The ight soil that raising fowl poultry is produced can be used to make fertilizer, and these fertilizer can use for food leaf grass, sugar grass plantation.Domestic birds and animals can be made dairy produce, leathercraft, blood product, leather and fur products, woolen knitwear and chenille article.
Native system can be realized the comprehensive utilization to sugar grass, and major product comprises sorghum rice albumen flour, biodiesel and biogasoline, and by product comprises the Related product of feed, fertilizer, livestock breeding and aquaculture.Wherein, ethanol, methyl alcohol, biodiesel and biogasoline have great environment protection significance as clean fuel of new generation, and feed and fertilizer can be applied in the native system, realize turning waste into wealth, and reduce and pollute, and be recycling.
Because native system is larger, involves a wide range of knowledge, and is big to various material requirements, develop rapidly thereby can drive related industry, for society provides a large amount of job opportunities, help to solve the problem of labor redundancy simultaneously, therefore, big social benefit and economic benefit in having very.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of sweet sorghum comprehensive utilization system is characterized in that this system comprises:
The cultivation of A, sugar grass:
(i) kind is selected:
Described sugar grass kind is selected from the red seed in Anhua, seed, Xing Xiangliang are deceived No. 4 in Anhua;
(ii) whole ground and fertilising:
Selection has irrigation conditions, and is organic abundant, the soil that soil layer is deep;
Execute farmyard manure in conjunction with satisfy wholely or execute 10 kilograms of urea or 30 kilograms of compound diammonium hydrogen phosphate fertilizers according to every mu, and wait to broadcast behind the subsoil mixing;
(iii) sow and seedling raising and transplanting:
Sowing: begin sowing when mean of dekan temperature reaches more than 12 ℃, adopt program request or broadcast sowing, seeding row spacing is 15-20 centimetre, seed level: sandy loam 3-4 centimetre, clay is 2-3 centimetre;
Seedling raising and transplanting: grew seedlings in 20-30 days before transplanting, transplant when 5-6 sheet leaf is arranged, cut off blade tip behind the lifting, transplant density 6500-7000 strain for every mu, in time water after the transplanting, guarantee to survive;
(iv) field management:
Thinning in time, fill the gaps with seedlings, final singling; Thinning can avoid seedling to strive water and nutrient mutually, and thinning is carried out during the 2-3 leaf;
Intertill and clean tillage and ridging improve ground temperature, eliminate weeds;
Irrigate in real time, guarantee the moisture of sugar grass growth needs;
The extermination of disease and insect pest: sugar grass is subject to budworm harm, prevents and treats with public nuisance-free agricultural chemicals;
The processing of B, sugar grass
The sorgo stalk that obtains during the sugar grass harvesting squeezes and obtains liquid glucose and sugar grass slag, and described liquid glucose concentrates and obtains syrup and crystal sugar;
The branch that described sugar grass slag obtains when gathering in sugar grass with make feed after leaf mixes; Perhaps described sugar grass slag obtains ethanol and vinasse, the CO that produces in the brewing process through brewageing operation
2Perhaps be used to produce methyl alcohol, perhaps with its CO
2Deliver to the described operation of brewageing and produce ethanol, described vinasse are delivered to and are produced feed operation production feed.
2, sugar grass utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that this system also comprises:
The sugar grass fringe that obtains during the sugar grass harvesting obtains sugar grass rice through threshing, and described sugar grass rice grinds and obtains sugar grass ground rice;
The food leaf grass of plantation is handled in maturation results back drying, grinds to form food leaf grass meal again;
Described sugar grass ground rice mixes with described food leaf grass meal and obtains described albumen flour.
3, sugar grass utilization system according to claim 2, the protein content that it is characterized in that described albumen flour are 15-30 weight %.
4, sugar grass utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that this system also comprises:
The sugar grass shell that the sugar grass fringe that the sugar grass harvesting obtains the time obtains through threshing with described vinasse and careless mixing of described food leaf obtain a kind of feed.
5, sweet sorghum comprehensive utilization system according to claim 4, it is characterized in that using described forage feed pig, the finished product pig obtains meat, blood and skin through butchering, and meat is made pork product, blood is made blood product, and leather becomes leather and fur products or other goods;
Make pork product at meat, blood is made blood product, and leather becomes refuse that produces in the leather and fur products process and the ight soil of feeding the pig generation to be mixed and made into fertilizer, and these fertilizer can be used for sugar grass and the plantation of eating the leaf grass.
6, sugar grass utilization system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that this system also comprises: described ethanol or methyl alcohol are used for production biodiesel or biogasoline.
7, sweet sorghum comprehensive utilization system according to claim 1 is characterized in that this system comprises that also food leaf grass is processed into feed, this forage feed pig, ox, sheep, duck, goose or chicken.
8, sweet sorghum comprehensive utilization system according to claim 6, the milk that it is characterized in that obtaining during feeding, egg, hair are made dairy produce, egg products, woolen or chenille article;
Form pig, ox, sheep, duck, goose or chicken and obtain meat, blood and skin through butchering, meat is made meat products, blood is made blood product, and leather becomes leather and fur products or other goods.
9, according to claim 7 or 8 described sweet sorghum comprehensive utilization system, the ight soil that produces when it is characterized in that the refuse that described processing produces and feeding ox, sheep, goose, chicken is made fertilizer with food leaf grass meal, and these fertilizer are used for sugar grass and the plantation of eating the leaf grass.
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| CN103740568A (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2014-04-23 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Production method of sweet sorghum juice liquor |
| CN104067828A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-10-01 | 苏州市清水村生态农副产品生产经营专业合作社 | Planting method for sweet sorghum |
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| CN104756739A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-07-08 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Sorgo cultivating method based on boundary soil |
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| CN103109633A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-05-22 | 重庆市畜牧科学院 | Fertilization method for improving yield of sugar grass |
| CN103740568B (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2016-06-22 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Production method of sweet sorghum juice liquor |
| CN103740568A (en) * | 2014-01-02 | 2014-04-23 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Production method of sweet sorghum juice liquor |
| CN104067828A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-10-01 | 苏州市清水村生态农副产品生产经营专业合作社 | Planting method for sweet sorghum |
| CN104171348A (en) * | 2014-09-02 | 2014-12-03 | 云南倚天绿色能源科技集团有限公司 | Preparation method of novel cattle and sheep feed |
| CN104813828A (en) * | 2015-04-20 | 2015-08-05 | 唐兴龙 | Method for planting wine brewing sorghum |
| CN104756739A (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-07-08 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Sorgo cultivating method based on boundary soil |
| CN105638834A (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2016-06-08 | 杨秀丽 | Taglam flour food and making method thereof |
| CN106376359A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-08 | 河南省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Formula improving grafting survival rate of potatoes and eggplants, and method and device for same |
| CN107912613A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-17 | 柏绿山 | With the feed and its production method of food leaf grass production |
| CN108374024A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-08-07 | 北海明世科技开发有限公司 | With the method for sorgo stalk and maize multiple product ethyl alcohol, fructose and a variety of byproducts |
| CN108374024B (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2021-10-26 | 北海明世科技开发有限公司 | Method for co-producing ethanol, fructose and various byproducts by using sweet sorghum stalks and corns |
| CN108841474A (en) * | 2018-07-28 | 2018-11-20 | 贵州怀宫酒业销售有限公司 | Liquor made from sorghum preparation Raw material processing device |
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