CN105993264A - Yili river valley newly cultivated slope land tillage mode for preventing soil erosion - Google Patents

Yili river valley newly cultivated slope land tillage mode for preventing soil erosion Download PDF

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CN105993264A
CN105993264A CN201610365967.9A CN201610365967A CN105993264A CN 105993264 A CN105993264 A CN 105993264A CN 201610365967 A CN201610365967 A CN 201610365967A CN 105993264 A CN105993264 A CN 105993264A
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soil
district
area
stubble
carbamide
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CN105993264B (en
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焦伟
朱成刚
陈亚宁
李卫红
宋锋惠
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography of CAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/40—Protecting water resources
    • Y02A20/402—River restoration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Agricultural Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a Yili river valley newly cultivated slope land tillage mode for preventing soil erosion. According to the mode, each area is divided into three sub-areas including a grain crop area, an alfalfa forage area and a forest fruit area in the direction perpendicular to the isoheight, the alfalfa forage area and the grain crop area are subjected to crop rotation after two years of growth, that is, grain crops are planted in the alfalfa area, alfalfa is planted in the grain crop area, black walnuts and filbert trees are planted in the forest fruit area, and soybeans are subjected to interplantation in forest. Planting is conducted through zoning and crop rotation, the planting layout is optimized, soil coverage is increased, the farming-free period is shortened, water and soil conservation is achieved, the yield is increased and stabilized, cost is reduced, efficiency is improved, influences of crop continuous cropping are reduced, soil fertility is maintained, soil productivity of newly cultivated slope land is improved, soil erosion, caused by land surface exposure, of the newly cultivated slope land is prevented, soil utilization efficiency is improved, and accordingly water and soil conservation of the Yili river valley newly cultivated slope land, efficient agricultural production and sustainable utilization of soil resources are achieved.

Description

The newly-ploughed sloping upland of a kind of Ili River Valley prevents the tillage system reform of Soil erosion
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tillage system reform of arid biogeographic zone river valley sloping upland, be specifically related to the newly-ploughed sloping upland of Ili River Valley and prevent Soil erosion Tillage system reform.
Background technology
Yili River valley water and soil resources enrich, and combination is good.Yili River valley water and soil resources Sustainable Development and Utilization is to Xinjiang agriculture Industry economic development and grain security are significant.But, the relative abundance of basin water-soil resource and the sensitivity of international river Being interlaced with one another, water and soil resources exploitation advantages is notable and soil erosion problem is day by day serious and deposits.Along with Ili River Valley newly-increased farmland face While long-pending about 5,000,000 mu, soil erosion and eco-environmental pressure also will strengthen further.
The current newly-ploughed soil of Ili River Valley mostly is foreland pluvial fan and hilly country, belongs to sloping upland.These region height above sea level 600-1000m, relative relief 500m, landform gradient is relatively big, the most all at 1.5%-3.0%, the most greatly, invades higher than soil Lose incident 1% gradient threshold value.Meanwhile, effective soil horizon in Ili River Valley hillside fields in front of the mountains is relatively thin, and soil thickness is at 20-100cm Between, it is below sand gravel layer.Sloping upland under this geology and geomorphology and edaphic condition, if lacking scientific and reasonable water and soil Holding technology is as support, in fact it could happen that Soil erosion aggravates, and thus results in soil erosion and fertility decline.Tradition Plough and plough earth of digging for a long time and continually surface structure stability can be caused to decline, thus aggravate sloping upland topsoil loss and Wind erosion, makes moisture and organic matter run off in a large number, exacerbates the deterioration of soil depletion and ecological environment.
Protective farming technique, i.e. minimal tills, no-tillage and improving straw mulching technology, and crops stay autumn and winter high stubble cover earth's surface, autumn Winter (spring) conservation tillage sow, seedling stage weed eradication chemical or artificial, mechanical, depending on soil compaction situation carry out machinery subsoiling, Plough pine rake to combine.The Conservation tillage of this pattern, for the newly-ploughed sloping upland of east China, effect is the brightest Aobvious, owing to significantly reducing the operations number of soil, soil is alleviated by wind erosion, degree of water erosion, for preventing and treating sloping upland water and soil stream Mistake, water conservation fertilizer conservation, preserve the ecological environment and play vital effect.
It was verified that, accumulated snow big for Ili River Valley hillside fields wind in spring melts and corrodes serious and study area soil with summer rainfall The features such as river valley mellow soil salination are easily caused under salt content height, eluviation, raw for the agricultural of stock keeping in conjunction with agricultural crop straw Product demand, on the barren sloping upland that Ili River Valley is newly opened up wasteland, this series of Conservation tillage, although effectively, but Under the different gradients, geological conditions and different crop farming demands, effect is not quite similar.Reality according to sloping upland Border situation, join protection tillage system reform, rational tillage system reform, suitable cropping pattern, human being's production life requirement and Effective protection system organically combines, and is aided with the agrotechnical measure for the treatment of in accordance with local conditions, could set up the slope of high-yield and high-efficiency Arable land ecological agricultural model.The technology measure, as background, chooses Ili River Valley newly-ploughed hillside fields representative region Cha Buchaer New reclamation area, county as research pilot, sloping upland newly-ploughed to Ili River Valley preventing and treating Soil erosion propagating channel carried out research with Experiment and demonstration, research and development propose the newly-ploughed sloping upland in arid biogeographic zone river valley and prevent the farming technique pattern of Soil erosion.This technology is new to reducing Cultivate sloping upland Soil erosion and soil erosion, it is ensured that Ili River Valley Sustainable Development of Agriculture and resources have weight Want meaning.
Summary of the invention
Present invention aim at, be that, accumulated snow big for Ili River Valley hillside fields wind in spring melts the problem serious with rainfall erosion, carry Prevent the tillage system reform of Soil erosion for the newly-ploughed sloping upland of a kind of Ili River Valley, this pattern is contour by being perpendicular in each region Line direction is divided into cereal crops district, Ge Zi district of He Linguo district three, Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area, Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area and cereal crops district to grow 2 years Laggard road wheel is made, and i.e. plants cereal crops, cereal crops district Planting Medicago sativa, Lin Guo district plantation walnut sylvan life set in Herba Medicaginis district Plant Semen sojae atricolor, planted by a point band, crop rotation, Optimization Planting general layout, improve land cover pattern degree, reduce the farming blank phase, with Reach water conservation soil conservation, volume increase stable yields, cost-saving synergistic, thus reduce the impact of continuous cropping, reach maintenance soil fertility, promote newly-ploughed Hillside fields fertility, prevents the Soil erosion that newly-ploughed hillside fields is caused because earth's surface is exposed, and improves land utilization efficiency, thus real The water and soil conservation of the existing newly-ploughed sloping upland of Ili River Valley produces and the sustainable use of land resource with agricultural high-effiency.
The newly-ploughed sloping upland of a kind of Ili River Valley of the present invention prevents the tillage system reform of Soil erosion, follows these steps to carry out:
Newly-ploughed 5-8 ° of hillside fields enforcement point band, a farming production model for crop rotation in river valley:
A, will be perpendicular to equal pitch contour direction and divide the wide belt-like zone of multiple 150m, in each region, be perpendicular to equal pitch contour direction It is divided into cereal crops district 50m, 50m tri-Ge Zi district of 50m, Lin Guo district, Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area, Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area and cereal crops district raw Within long 2 years, laggard road wheel is made, and i.e. plants cereal crops in Herba Medicaginis district, cereal crops district Planting Medicago sativa, Lin Guo district plantation black walnut with Hazel tree, forest interplanting Semen sojae atricolor, the earth's surface operation in cereal crops district combines with conservation tillages such as toothing, no-tillage, subsoilings；
According to the light and heat condition of Ili River Valley, cereal crops district uses summer corn, winter wheat and three seasons farming in 2 years of silagecorn Pattern is cultivated:
B, First Year sowing summer corn, the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, basal dressing carbamide 10kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) before sowing 12kg/ mu, fertilization depth 8cm, use row, spacing in the rows 50cm × 25cm to carry out corn seeding, depth of planting 5cm；
C, late May, filling water of emerging, irrigation volume is 20m3/ mu, uses herbicide or mowing or uprooting weed during weeding, remaining Field management is according to a conventional method；
D, crop harvesting mid-September, gather in the crops first 6 days and carry out process of watering, stay high stubble 20cm during results；Mid-October, enter Row subsoiling 30cm, flows the whole chopping and returning of stubble straw, disposably completes no-tillage seeding winter wheat with combined seed and fertilizer drill, and execute base Fertile carbamide 12kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 18kg/ mu, depth of planting 5cm, fertilization depth 8cm；
E, mid-April next year fill water 10m of turning green3/ mu also topdresses, and uses herbicide or mowing or uprooting weed, remaining field during weeding Between manage according to a conventional method；
F, mid or late June crop harvesting carry out process of watering in first 6 days, gather in the crops when robbing, and Semen Tritici aestivi stays high stubble 20cm, crushed stalk Also field；Early July, use disc harrow to carry out earth's surface operation, use no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine fertilising, by row, spacing in the rows 50cm × 25cm Sowing silagecorn, depth of planting 5cm, synchronization basal dressing carbamide 10kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 12kg/ mu, fertilization depth 8cm, Using herbicide or mowing or uprooting weed during weeding, remaining field management is according to a conventional method；
G, late September, silagecorn results stay high stubble 20cm, straw be used for animal feeding-stuff, complete 2 years to cultivate, crop rotation lucerne Mu, flows stubble straw chopping and returning before next year alfalfa cultivation；
Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area:
H, the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, use the line-spacing ditching-fertilizing sowing Herba Medicaginiss such as 30cm, basal dressing carbamide 3kg/ mu and phosphorus Acid diammonium 5kg/ mu；Production of Large Fields cradles results 3 batches for 1 year, and each stubble carries out fertigation, irrigation norm after cradling in time 15-20m3/ mu, every batch of carbamide spraying 3kg/ mu with water；It is 7-10cm cradling the Herba Medicaginis height for the stubble left by the end of October, and fills Survive the winter water 10m3/ mu；Water 15-20m of turning green is filled in time at the beginning of 4 months next years3/ mu, and spray carbamide 3kg/ mu with water, grow two Crop rotation cereal crops after Nian, Second Year Herba Medicaginis in autumn is flowed stubble and goes back field to spring next year before cereal crops sowing after cradling；
Lin Guoqu:
I, the black walnut selecting the raw stalwartness of 1-2 and Semen coryli heterophyllae seedling, according to strain, the plantation of line-spacing 2 × 3m Mixed in belt, in tree After reaching age 3 years, foundation situation is dredged between carrying out；At sylvan life, woodland interplant of bean, the first tenday period of a month in May, in the space of distance between rows and hills, At distance black walnut and Semen coryli heterophyllae seedling 50cm, according to seeding row spacing 35cm × 10cm, program request Semen sojae atricolor, broadcast front basal dressing carbamide 3kg/ Mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg/ mu, depth of planting 5cm, fertilization depth 8cm；Herbicide or mowing or uprooting weed is used during weeding, its Remaining field management according to a conventional method, is gathered in the crops Semen sojae atricolor mid-September, and is carried out straw chopping and returning process.
The newly-ploughed sloping upland of a kind of Ili River Valley of the present invention prevents the tillage system reform of Soil erosion, has the following advantages and significantly Effect:
1) the present invention is directed to the newly-ploughed sloping upland in arid biogeographic zone river valley and easily send out the problem of soil erosion, use a point band, crop rotation plantation farming Thing, herbage and woods fruit, in conjunction with high-stubble, no-tillage, the conservation tillage method of subsoiling, substantially increase the utilization in newly-ploughed soil Efficiency, treatment in accordance with local conditions ground uses 2 years three ripe farming mechanism and the patterns of cultivating of crop rotation in 2 years, reduces and plough in cereal crops district Make the blank phase, effectively prevented and treated newly-ploughed slope soil corrode, Land_use change excessively and the negative effect brought of the problem such as continuous cropping；
2), feature that salinity big thin, barren for Ili River Valley newly-ploughed hillside fields soil layer, this pattern is compared single compared with same region Plantation general layout and pattern, can accelerate the soil-ripening of newly-ploughed sloping upland while preventing and treating river valley sloping upland Soil erosion；
3) compare relatively with region single cropping pattern, this pattern at pre-preventing disease and pest, promote newly-ploughed slight slope arable land farming and persistently send out Exhibition ability and integrated production capacity, be effectively facilitated increasing income of agricultural produce and peasant, meet the aspects such as farming and animal husbandry difference demand also There is good result.
Detailed description of the invention
Embodiment 1 (comparison, in two seasons of one year cultivate)
On the newly-ploughed sloping upland in 5 °-8 ° of river valley, will be perpendicular to equal pitch contour direction and divide the wide belt-like zone of multiple 150m, each It is perpendicular to equal pitch contour direction in region and is divided into cereal crops district 50m, 50m tri-Ge Zi district of 50m, Lin Guo district, Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area；
Cereal crops district uses in two seasons of one year cultivating: sowing winter wheat mid-October, in last ten-days period June next year, winter wheat is robbed Time results, gather in the crops first 6 days and carry out process of watering, and carry out high stubble results, more than toothing 20cm, straw is pulverized Also field processes；Early July, no-tillage fertilizing synchronizes Sequential Cropping Silage Maize, silagecorn sowing row, spacing in the rows 50cm × 25cm, broadcasts Planting degree of depth 5cm, synchronize basal dressing carbamide 10kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 12kg/ mu, fertilization depth 8cm, field management is routinely Method preventing and treating disease pest and weed, topdress, irrigation etc.；Early October, replay crop harvesting, gathers in the crops first 6 days and carries out process of watering, Staying low stubble 10cm during results, straw removal crop ped location, for animal feeding-stuff；Mid-October, carry out in time subsoiling 20cm and Flow stubble straw chopping and returning, disposably complete winter wheat sowing with combined seed and fertilizer drill, synchronize basal dressing carbamide 12kg/ mu and phosphoric acid Diammonium 18kg/ mu, depth of planting 5cm, fertilization depth 8cm；Second Year repeats First Year operation；
Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area, in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, uses the line-spacing ditching-fertilizing sowing Herba Medicaginiss such as 30cm, basal dressing carbamide 3kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg/ mu；Production of Large Fields plan cradles results 3 batches for 1 year, and each stubble carries out irrigation after cradling in time to be executed Fertilizer, irrigation norm 15-20m3/ mu, every batch sprays carbamide 3kg/ mu with water；Mid or late October, cradle Herba Medicaginis, the height for the stubble left For 7-10cm, and fill the water 10m that survives the winter3/ mu；Water 15-20m of turning green is filled in time at the beginning of 4 months next years3/ mu, and spray carbamide with water 3kg/ mu, concrete steps are identical with First Year；
Lin Guoqu: select 2 years raw healthy and strong white poplar seedling, according to strain, line-spacing 2 × 3m field planting, the age of tree reach 3 years with Laggard in the ranks cut down；Forest interplanting Semen sojae atricolor, the first tenday period of a month in May, in the space of forest white poplar distance between rows and hills, distance white poplar seedling 60cm Place, according to seeding row spacing 35cm × 10cm, fertilising program request sowing Semen sojae atricolor, broadcasts front basal dressing carbamide 3kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg/ Mu, depth of planting 5cm, fertilization depth 8cm；Herbicide weeding or mowing or uprooting weed, remaining field management is used during weeding Carry out according to a conventional method；Gather in the crops Semen sojae atricolor mid-September, and carry out straw chopping and returning process.
Embodiment 2 (present invention cultivated in 2 years three seasons)
On the newly-ploughed sloping upland in 5 °-8 ° of river valley, will be perpendicular to equal pitch contour direction and divide the wide belt-like zone of multiple 150m, each It is perpendicular to equal pitch contour direction in region and is divided into cereal crops district 50m, 50m tri-Ge Zi district of 50m, Lin Guo district, Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area, lucerne Mu Grassland Area and cereal crops district grow 2 years laggard road wheels and make, and i.e. plant cereal crops, cereal crops district plantation lucerne in Herba Medicaginis district Mu, Lin Guo district plantation black walnut and hazel tree, forest interplanting Semen sojae atricolor, the earth's surface operation in cereal crops district and toothing, no-tillage, deep The conservation tillages such as pine combine；
According to study area soil and hydrothermal condition feature, use in cereal crops district and cultivated in 2 years three seasons:
In cereal crops district, First Year sowing summer corn, in the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, sow front base area expression condition selectively Table operation (shallow rotary tillage is leveled land)；Basal dressing carbamide 10kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 12kg/ mu, fertilization depth 8cm, Semen Maydis 50cm × 25cm row, spacing in the rows is used to sow, depth of planting 5cm；
Late May, filling water of emerging, irrigation volume is 20m3/ mu, uses herbicide weeding or mowing or uprooting weed during weeding, remaining Field management carry out according to a conventional method；
Crop harvesting, gathered in the crops first 6 days and carried out process of watering, stay high stubble 20cm during results mid-September；Mid-October, carry out Subsoiling 30cm, flows the whole chopping and returning of stubble straw, disposably completes no-tillage seeding winter wheat basal dressing urine with combined seed and fertilizer drill Element 12kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 18kg/ mu, depth of planting 5cm, fertilization depth 8cm；
Mid-April next year fills water 10m of turning green3/ mu also topdresses, and uses herbicide weeding or mowing or uprooting weed during weeding, remaining Field management is carried out according to a conventional method；
Mid or late June crop harvesting carries out process of watering in first 6 days, gathers in the crops when robbing, and Semen Tritici aestivi stays high stubble 20cm, and crushed stalk is also Field；Early July, use disc harrow to carry out earth's surface operation, use no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine fertilising, by row, spacing in the rows 50cm × 25cm Sowing silagecorn, depth of planting 5cm, synchronization basal dressing carbamide 10kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 12kg/ mu, fertilization depth 8cm, Using herbicide weeding or mowing or uprooting weed during weeding, remaining field management is carried out according to a conventional method；
Late September, silagecorn results stay high stubble 20cm, straw be used for animal feeding-stuff, stream stubble straw to next year cultivate front powder Broken also field.
Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area:
In the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, use the line-spacing ditching-fertilizing sowing Herba Medicaginiss such as 30cm, basal dressing carbamide 3kg/ mu and phosphoric acid Diammonium 5kg/ mu；Production of Large Fields cradles results 3 batches for 1 year, and each stubble carries out fertigation, irrigation norm 15-20 after cradling in time m3/ mu, every batch of carbamide spraying 3kg/ mu with water；It is 7-10cm cradling the Herba Medicaginis height for the stubble left by the end of October, and fills water of surviving the winter 10m3/ mu；Water 15-20m of turning green is filled in time at the beginning of 4 months next years3/ mu, and spray carbamide 3kg/ mu with water, crop rotation after growing 2 years Cereal crops, Second Year Herba Medicaginis in autumn is flowed stubble and goes back field to spring next year before cereal crops sowing after cradling；
Lin Guoqu:
Select the raw healthy and strong black walnut of 1-2 and Semen coryli heterophyllae seedling, according to strain, line-spacing 2 × 3m Mixed in belt plantation Yu Linguo district, After the age of tree reaches 3 years, foundation practical situation is dredged between carrying out；At sylvan life, woodland interplant of bean, the first tenday period of a month in May, in distance between rows and hills Space in, at distance black walnut and Semen coryli heterophyllae seedling 50cm, according to seeding row spacing 35cm × 10cm, program request Semen sojae atricolor, before broadcasting, execute base Fertile carbamide 3kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg/ mu, depth of planting 5cm, fertilization depth 8cm；Herbicide or mowing is used during weeding Or uprooting weed, remaining field management according to a conventional method, is gathered in the crops Semen sojae atricolor mid-September, and is carried out straw chopping and returning process.
Embodiment 2 is compared with embodiment 1 (comparison), and embodiment 2 improves the utilization ratio in newly-ploughed soil, treatment in accordance with local conditions ground
Use 2 years three ripe farming mechanism and the patterns of cultivating of crop rotation in 2 years in cereal crops district, reduce the farming blank phase, have
Effect prevented and treated newly-ploughed slope soil corrode, Land_use change excessively and the negative effect brought of the problem such as continuous cropping.
The newly-ploughed sloping upland of a kind of Ili River Valley of the present invention prevents the tillage system reform of Soil erosion, lean according to study area sloping upland soil The feature that lean, nutrient is easy to run off, every two years crop rotation (i.e. cereal crops district farming 2 years is taked in cereal crops district and Herba Medicaginis crop belts Rear Planting Medicago sativa, the farming of Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area planted cereal crops after 2 years), thus reduce the impact of continuous cropping, reach maintenance Soil fertility, promotes the purpose of the fertility in newly-ploughed hillside fields.

Claims (1)

1. the newly-ploughed sloping upland of Ili River Valley prevents the tillage system reform of Soil erosion, it is characterised in that follow these steps to carry out:
Newly-ploughed 5-8 ° of hillside fields enforcement point band, a farming production model for crop rotation in river valley:
A, will be perpendicular to equal pitch contour direction and divide the wide belt-like zone of multiple 150m; it is perpendicular to equal pitch contour direction in each region and is divided into cereal crops district 50m, 50m tri-Ge Zi district of 50m, Lin Guo district, Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area; Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area and cereal crops district grow 2 years laggard road wheels and make; cereal crops are i.e. planted in Herba Medicaginis district; cereal crops district Planting Medicago sativa; Lin Guoqu plantation black walnut and hazel tree; forest interplanting Semen sojae atricolor, the earth's surface operation in cereal crops district combines with conservation tillages such as toothing, no-tillage, subsoilings；
According to the light and heat condition of Ili River Valley, cereal crops district use summer corn, winter wheat and silagecorn 2 years three season tillage system reform cultivate:
B, First Year sowing summer corn, the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, basal dressing carbamide 10kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 12kg/ mu before sowing, fertilization depth 8cm, use row, spacing in the rows 50cm × 25cm to carry out corn seeding, depth of planting 5cm；
C, late May, filling water of emerging, irrigation volume is 20m3/ mu, uses herbicide or mowing or uprooting weed during weeding, remaining field management is according to a conventional method；
D, crop harvesting mid-September, gather in the crops first 6 days and carry out process of watering, stay high stubble 20cm during results；Mid-October, carry out subsoiling 30cm, flow the whole chopping and returning of stubble straw, disposably complete no-tillage seeding winter wheat with combined seed and fertilizer drill, and basal dressing carbamide 12kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 18kg/ mu, depth of planting 5cm, fertilization depth 8cm；
E, mid-April next year fill water 10m of turning green3/ mu also topdresses, and uses herbicide or mowing or uprooting weed during weeding, and remaining field management is according to a conventional method；
F, mid or late June crop harvesting carry out process of watering in first 6 days, gather in the crops when robbing, and Semen Tritici aestivi stays high stubble 20cm, straw chopping and returning；Early July, disc harrow is used to carry out earth's surface operation, use no-tillage fertilizing and seeding machine applies fertilizer, silagecorn is sowed by row, spacing in the rows 50cm × 25cm, depth of planting 5cm, synchronizes basal dressing carbamide 10kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 12kg/ mu, fertilization depth 8cm, using herbicide or mowing or uprooting weed during weeding, remaining field management is according to a conventional method；
G, late September, silagecorn results stay high stubble 20cm, straw be used for animal feeding-stuff, complete 2 years to cultivate, crop rotation Herba Medicaginis, before next year alfalfa cultivation flow stubble straw chopping and returning；
Herba Medicaginis Grassland Area:
H, the first tenday period of a month in late April to May, use the line-spacing ditching-fertilizing sowing Herba Medicaginiss such as 30cm, basal dressing carbamide 3kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg/ mu；Production of Large Fields cradles results 3 batches for 1 year, and each stubble carries out fertigation, irrigation norm 15-20 m in time after cradling3/ mu, every batch of carbamide spraying 3kg/ mu with water；It is 7-10cm cradling the Herba Medicaginis height for the stubble left by the end of October, and fills the water 10m that survives the winter3/ mu；Water 15-20 m of turning green is filled in time at the beginning of 4 months next years3/ mu, and spray carbamide 3kg/ mu with water, crop rotation cereal crops after growing 2 years, Second Year Herba Medicaginis in autumn is flowed stubble and goes back field to spring next year before cereal crops sowing after cradling；
Lin Guoqu:
I, the black walnut selecting 1-2 life stalwartness and Semen coryli heterophyllae seedling, mix according to strain, line-spacing 2 × 3m and hand over strip cropping, and after the age of tree reaches 3 years, foundation actual growing situation is thin between carrying out；At sylvan life, woodland interplant of bean, the first tenday period of a month in May, in the space of distance between rows and hills, at distance black walnut and Semen coryli heterophyllae seedling 50cm, according to seeding row spacing 35cm × 10cm, program request Semen sojae atricolor, broadcast front basal dressing carbamide 3kg/ mu and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 5kg/ mu, depth of planting 5cm, fertilization depth 8cm；Using herbicide or mowing or uprooting weed during weeding, remaining field management according to a conventional method, is gathered in the crops Semen sojae atricolor mid-September, and is carried out straw chopping and returning process.
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CN111345205A (en) * 2018-12-20 2020-06-30 文山壮族苗族自治州农业科学院 Multi-cropping efficient planting method for grain and feed crops
CN115362872A (en) * 2022-09-07 2022-11-22 新疆林科院经济林研究所 Mixed afforestation method for big-fruit hazelnuts and black walnuts in arid regions

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