CN103053953A - 一种利用药食同用中药材生产的功能型豆芽及方法 - Google Patents
一种利用药食同用中药材生产的功能型豆芽及方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于豆芽生产技术领域,特别公开了一种利用药食同用中药材生产的功能型豆芽及方法。第一步:以重量百分含量计,按葛根20~50%、山楂15~50%、金银花10~40%加水或乙醇提取,滤过,滤液中加入占其重量百分比0.02~0.05%的维生素C,得育芽液;第二步:用育芽液浸泡豆种,用育芽液或/和用水喷淋,按照常规豆芽培育方法培育即得。通过本发明的实施,有效利用葛根、山楂、金银花等药食同用中药材,为中药的综合利用提供了新途径,制备的“功能型豆芽”含有葛根素等有利于人体健康的活性成分,为功能性豆芽开发提供了有效的途径和研究思路。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于豆芽生产技术领域,特别涉及一种利用药食同用中药材生产的功能型豆芽及方法。
背景技术
豆芽菜是黄豆芽、绿豆芽、黑豆芽和小豆芽的总称,是我国传统的菜肴。豆芽与笋、菌并列为素食鲜味三霸。豆芽也称芽苗菜,是各种谷类、豆类、树类的种子培育出可以食用的“芽菜”,也称“活体蔬菜”。
豆芽菜作为一种常见蔬菜,以其味道鲜美、营养丰富、具有保健功效等优良特性而深受人们的喜爱,其生产方法简便、生产效率高。豆芽菜生长周期短,不施肥,无农药危害。
豆芽菜中尤以绿豆芽最受消费者喜爱,日本、美国每年进口大量绿豆用于绿豆芽的生产。绿豆在发芽过程中氨基酸含量大幅度提高(谷氨酸含量最高);脂肪类物质被酶分解成甘油和脂肪酸,最后生成能被人体吸收的糖类;碳水化合物则水解为易于人体吸收的单糖,提高了可吸收性,总的含糖量普遍降低;维生素种类(Vc、VA、烟酸、胡萝卜素等)含量均增加;矿物质(钾、镁、钙、铁、磷)含量经浸泡发芽后大幅度提高。
绿豆芽有很高的药用价值。中医认为,绿豆芽性凉味甘,能清暑热、通经脉、解诸毒,补肾、利尿、消肿、滋阴壮阳,调五脏、美肌肤、利湿热,适用于湿热郁滞、食少体倦、热病烦渴、大便秘结、小便不利、目赤肿痛、口鼻生疮等患者,还能降血脂和软化血管。
我国传统中医药自古就有“药食同源”理论,人们在寻找食物的过程中发现了各种食物和药物的性味和功效,认识到许多食物可以药用,许多药物也可以食用,两者之间很难严格区分,在我国最早的医学专著《黄帝内经》中就有“药以祛之,食以随之”的论述。“食物疗法”是祖国医药宝库中有一个重要组成部分。利用食物养生治病,在民间一直被广为流传。药食同源,运用食物养生治病,简单易行,疗效显著,安全无毒。
葛根为豆科植物野葛Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi.或甘葛藤Pueraria thomsonii Banthd.的干燥根入药。能解肌退热,生津,透疹,升阳止泻。用于外感发热头痛、项背强痛,口渴,消渴,麻疹不透,热痢,泄泻;高血压颈项强痛等。为常用药食同用中药材,如葛根粉、葛根果冻、葛根饼干、葛根木瓜饮料等为经常食用的食品。葛根主要成分为异黄酮类(葛根素、大豆苷)等;现代药理研究表明:葛根具有降血糖、扩张冠状动脉、改善心肌代谢、抗心律失常、改善微循环和脑循环、解痉、解热等作用。
山楂为蔷薇科植物山里红Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.var.major N.E.Br.或山楂Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.的干燥成熟果实。能消食健胃,行气散瘀。用于肉食积滞,胃脘胀满,泻痢腹痛,瘀血经闭,产后瘀阻,心腹刺痛,疝气疼痛;高脂血症。为常用药食同用中药材。如山楂糕、山楂卷、山楂糖葫芦等常作为食品食用。山楂主要成分为有机酸(如柠檬酸、苹果酸等)和黄酮类(金丝桃苷、槲皮素、芦丁等)等。现代药理研究表明:山楂具有降血压、降血脂、改善心肌缺血、降低胆固醇、抗脂质过氧化等作用,用于治疗心脑血管疾病取得了很好的效果。
金银花为忍冬科植物忍冬Lonicera japonica Thunb.的干燥花蕾或带初开的花。金银花性寒,味甘。归肺、心、胃经。能清热解毒,凉散风热。用于痈肿疔疮,喉痹,丹毒,热毒血痢,风热感冒,温病发热。为常用药食同用中药材,如金银花露、金银花茶、金银花凉茶、金银花含片等为常用食品,用于口干舌燥,咽喉肿痛等。金银花主要活性成分为有机酸(绿原酸、异绿原酸等)和黄酮类(木犀草苷、忍冬苷等)。金银花具有:(1)抗病原微生物;(2)抗细菌毒素;(3)抗炎;(4)利胆、保肝等作用。
维生素C的作用:(1)促进胶原蛋白合成,增强皮肤弹性;(2)抗氧化,解毒,减少环境污染对身体的损害;(3)促进铁、钙、叶酸的吸收和利用;(4)改善胆固醇的代谢,预防心脑血管病;(5)促进牙齿和骨骼生长。
目前,豆芽品质单一,具有保健作用的功能豆芽较少,目前只有“碘豆芽”(碘豆芽的生产方法,ZL93102789.6,1993.03.29)、“铁豆芽”(富铁豆芽的生产方法,ZL88100007.8,1988.01.05)。随着人们保健意识的增强,特别是我国人口老龄化进程的加快,适合中老年人保健,具有降血脂、软化血管、预防心脑血管疾病、抗病原微生物、保肝利胆、抗衰老等保健功能的豆芽受到市场的青睐。
发明内容
为克服现有技术中的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种利用药食同用中药材生产的功能型豆芽及方法。
为实现上述目的,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种利用药食同用中药材生产功能型豆芽的方法,包括以下步骤:
第一步:以重量百分含量计,按葛根20~50%、山楂15~50%、金银花10~40%加水或乙醇提取,滤过,滤液中加入占其重量百分比0.02~0.05%的维生素C,得育芽液;
第二步:用育芽液浸泡豆种,用育芽液或/和用水喷淋,按照常规豆芽培育方法培育即得。
较好地,第一步:以重量百分含量计,按葛根30~40%、山楂30~40%、金银花20~30%加水或乙醇提取,滤过,滤液中加入占其重量百分比0.03%的维生素C,得育芽液。
较好地,提取1~4次,且每次按葛根、山楂、金银花总量的3~25体积/重量倍加水或乙醇,其中体积/重量以ml/g计。
进一步,提取方式为浸泡提取、回流提取或闪式提取,提取方式为浸泡提取、回流提取或闪式提取,浸泡提取条件:温度4~80℃,时间0.5~12h;回流提取条件:时间0.2~3h;闪式提取条件:温度15~60℃,时间0.1~30min。
较好地,所述豆种为绿豆、黄豆、扁豆、豌豆、刀豆、赤小豆、蚕豆、黑豆、花生、青豆、香椿籽、荞麦、苜蓿、花椒、相思豆、葵花籽或莱菔籽。
所用葛根、山楂、金银花中的一种或数种用小茴香、小蓟、山药、山楂、马齿苋、乌梅、木瓜、代代花、玉竹、甘草、白芷、白果、白扁豆花、龙眼肉、决明子、百合、余甘子、佛手、杏仁(甜、苦)、沙棘、芡实、麦芽、枣(大枣、酸枣、黑枣)、罗汉果、郁李仁、金银花、青果、鱼腥草、姜(生姜、干姜)、枳椇子、枸杞子、栀子、砂仁、胖大海、茯苓、香橼、香薷、桃仁、桑叶、桑椹、桔红、桔梗、益智仁、荷叶、莱菔子、莲子、高良姜、淡竹叶、菊花、菊苣、黄芥子、黄精、紫苏、葛根、黑芝麻、槐米、槐花、蒲公英、蜂蜜、榧子、酸枣仁、鲜白茅根、鲜芦根、橘皮、薄荷、薏苡仁、薤白、覆盆子、藿香等药食同用中药材中的一种或数种代替。
一种上述生产方法制备的功能型豆芽。
功能型豆芽的培育成功,充分利用了葛根、山楂、金银花等药食同用中药材资源,开拓了药食同用中药综合利用的新途径,向人们提供了一种新型的绿色功能食品,提升了传统豆芽的保健作用。
本发明的优势是:
1、通过本发明的实施,有效利用葛根、山楂、金银花等药食同用中药材,将我国传统中医药学的药食同源理论和实践进行了创新和阐释,为药食同用中药材的综合利用提供了新途径。
2、针对豆芽生产品种单一的问题,将葛根、山楂、金银花为原料制成育芽液。采用育芽液培育出一种功能型豆芽,通过对功能型豆芽有效成分对比测试,发现“功能型豆芽”含有葛根素等有利于人体健康的活性成分,为功能性豆芽开发提供了有效的途径和研究思路。
附图说明
图1:葛根素对照品HPLC图;
图2:实施例1 功能型豆芽HPLC图;
图3:实施例2 功能型豆芽HPLC图;
图4:实施例3 功能型豆芽HPLC图;
具体实施方式
以下结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步地详细介绍,但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此:
实施例1
第一步:取葛根40 g、山楂40 g、金银花20 g,用1000ml水浸泡提取1次,提取时间为10小时,提取温度为25℃,滤过,滤液加入占其重量百分比0.03%的维生素C,即得育芽液。
第二步:用育芽液代替水浸泡绿豆,用育芽液喷淋豆芽箱中的绿豆。按照常规绿豆芽培育方法培育即得。如取100g绿豆置于250ml育芽液中26℃恒温浸泡10小时,当种子充分吸水膨胀后,转移至豆芽箱中,培育豆芽,温度保持28℃。每天按上述比例与方法配制育芽液,保持新鲜,每天用育芽液每4小时喷淋豆芽1次,一般在豆芽箱中3-4天,胚根胚轴长到3厘米左右时,用清水冲洗后就得到功能型绿豆芽。
实施例2
第一步:取葛根45 g、山楂40 g、金银花15 g,用2000ml 40v%乙醇加热回流提取1次,提取时间为2小时,提取液过滤,滤液减压回收乙醇至无醇味,滤过,滤液加入占其重量百分比0.03%的维生素C,即得育芽液。
第二步:用育芽液代替水浸泡绿豆,用水喷淋豆芽箱中的绿豆,按照常规绿豆芽培育方法培育即得。
实施例3
第一步:取葛根25 g、山楂45 g、金银花30 g,采用闪式提取器(ZL 200520031604.9)提取3次,每次用1000ml水,提取5分钟,提取温度为30℃,合并提取液,滤过,滤液加入占其重量百分比0.03%的维生素C,即得育芽液。
第二步:用育芽液代替水浸泡绿豆,用育芽液喷淋豆芽箱中的绿豆,按照常规绿豆芽培育方法培育即得。
功能型绿豆芽中葛根素含量测定方法
1、仪器与试药
Agilent 1260高效液相色谱仪(四元梯度泵、在线脱气机、柱温箱、VWD检测器、ChemStation控制***);超声波清洗器(KQ5200DA型,昆山市超声仪器有限公司);电子天平(FA1004型,上海精科天平);葛根素对照品(中国食品药品检定研究院提供,供含量测定用,批号::110752-200912);甲醇为色谱纯(Merk公司);水为超纯水,其他试剂为分析纯。
色谱条件与***适用性试验 用十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂;流动相:甲醇-水(体积比,33∶67);柱温为25℃;检测波长:250nm;流速:1mL/min;理论板数按葛根素计算不低于4000。
对照品溶液的制备 取葛根素对照品适量,精密称定,加30v%乙醇制成每1ml含51μg的溶液,即得。
供试品溶液的制备 取本品新鲜样品研碎,精密称定约10 g,置具塞锥形瓶中,加入30 v %乙醇50ml,称定重量,加热回流30分钟,放冷,过滤,滤液减压浓缩至少于10ml,放冷,转移至10 ml量瓶中,加30 v %乙醇稀释至刻度,摇匀,滤过,取续滤液,即得。
测定法 分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl,注入液相色谱仪,测定,即得。
对照品溶液及实施例1-3功能型豆芽中葛根素的含量见表1、图1-4。
Claims (7)
1.一种利用药食同用中药材生产功能型豆芽的方法,其特征在于包括以下步骤:
第一步:以重量百分含量计,按葛根20~50%、山楂15~50%、金银花10~40%加水或乙醇提取,滤过,滤液中加入占其重量百分比0.02~0.05%的维生素C,得育芽液;
第二步:用育芽液浸泡豆种,用育芽液或/和用水喷淋,按照常规豆芽培育方法培育即得。
2.如权利要求1所述的生产方法,其特征在于第一步:以重量百分含量计,按葛根30~40%、山楂30~40%、金银花20~30%加水或乙醇提取,滤过,滤液中加入占其重量百分比0.03%的维生素C,得育芽液。
3.如权利要求1所述的生产方法,其特征在于:提取1~4次,且每次按葛根、山楂、金银花总量的3~25体积/重量倍加水或乙醇,其中体积/重量以ml/g计。
4.如权利要求4所述的生产方法,其特征在于:提取方式为浸泡提取、回流提取或闪式提取,浸泡提取条件:温度4~80℃,时间0.5~12h;回流提取条件:时间0.2~3h;闪式提取条件:温度15~60℃,时间0.1~30min。
5.如权利要求1所述的生产方法,其特征在于:所述豆种为绿豆、黄豆、扁豆、豌豆、蚕豆、黑豆、刀豆、赤小豆、花生、青豆、香椿籽、荞麦、苜蓿、花椒、相思豆、葵花籽或莱菔籽。
6.如权利要求1所述的生产方法,其特征在于:所用葛根、山楂、金银花中的一种或数种用小茴香、小蓟、山药、山楂、马齿苋、乌梅、木瓜、代代花、玉竹、甘草、白芷、白果、白扁豆花、龙眼肉、决明子、百合、余甘子、佛手、杏仁、沙棘、芡实、麦芽、枣、罗汉果、郁李仁、金银花、青果、鱼腥草、姜、枳椇子、枸杞子、栀子、砂仁、胖大海、茯苓、香橼、香薷、桃仁、桑叶、桑椹、桔红、桔梗、益智仁、荷叶、莱菔子、莲子、高良姜、淡竹叶、菊花、菊苣、黄芥子、黄精、紫苏、葛根、黑芝麻、槐米、槐花、蒲公英、蜂蜜、榧子、酸枣仁、鲜白茅根、鲜芦根、橘皮、薄荷、薏苡仁、薤白、覆盆子、藿香中的一种或数种代替。
7.一种利用如权利要求1~6之任意一项所述的生产方法制备的功能型豆芽。
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