CN103045877B - Automatic arcing device for vacuum consumable electric-arc furnace and control method - Google Patents

Automatic arcing device for vacuum consumable electric-arc furnace and control method Download PDF

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CN103045877B
CN103045877B CN201210555388.2A CN201210555388A CN103045877B CN 103045877 B CN103045877 B CN 103045877B CN 201210555388 A CN201210555388 A CN 201210555388A CN 103045877 B CN103045877 B CN 103045877B
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arc
battery lead
lead rod
voltage
electrode
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CN103045877A (en
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杜亚宁
彭常户
李会武
王锦群
兰贤辉
方向明
任源
刘俊
刘海明
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Western Superconducting Technologies Co Ltd
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    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic arcing device for a vacuum consumable electric-arc furnace. A consumable electrode is arranged at the bottom of a furnace chamber; an auxiliary electrode is arranged above the consumable electrode; the upper end of the auxiliary electrode is connected with an electrode stem; the upper end of the electrode stem is connected with a transmission shaft; a differential mechanism/speed reducer is arranged at the upper end of the transmission shaft; the differential mechanism/speed reducer is connected with a feeding motor and a fast motor; a programmable controller comprises an output module, an input module, a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and a communication port; arc voltage measuring leads are respectively led out from the electrode stem and a housing of the furnace chamber; the other ends of the arc voltage measuring leads are connected with a signal transformer and then connected with the input module of the programmable controller; a voltage meter is connected with the signal transformer in parallel; a displacement sensor is also connected with the input module; and the output module and the input module are both connected with a motor controller. The invention further relates to a method for controlling arcing by using the arcing device; and the electrode stem is driven by the motor to strike an arc. The automatic arcing device for the vacuum consumable electric-arc furnace, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages of high arcing success rate, high arc distance control precision and high finished product ratio.

Description

A kind of for vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking device and control method
Technical field
The invention belongs to Metal Melting equipment technology field, relate to one for vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking device, the invention still further relates to the method for utilizing this arc starter control starting the arc.
Background technology
The initial period that current vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace welds in melting and stove: the cooperation complexity that rectifier power source output fusing (welding) electric current and consumable electrode move, the feeding control of melting initial period battery lead rod is determined with the stability of later stage melting very important to arc distance.Manual operation can not timely given electric current and battery lead rod speed and travel direction, and starting the arc success ratio and arc distance control accuracy are low, enters time of stably fused long and have a potential safety hazard.And the continuing of long arc distance makes the efficiency of electric energy heat fused consumable electrode low, the piece of molten after coagulation is dispersed in furnace chamber bottom, causes ingot casting bottom syncretizing effect poor, and bottom cutting output ambassador yield rate is low.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide one for vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking device, can automatically accurately control in time given voltage and battery lead rod speed and travel direction.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of control method for vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking, solve the starting the arc success ratio existing in prior art and the problem that arc distance control accuracy is low, potential safety hazard is grown and existed to the time that enter stably fused, improved yield rate.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is that a kind of vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking device that is used for, comprises mechanical part and electric control system; Mechanical part comprises furnace chamber, and consumable electrode is arranged on furnace chamber bottom, and the lower surface of consumable electrode and furnace chamber bottom end face form melting starting the arc district; Consumable electrode top arranges supporting electrode, is welding starting the arc district in stove between consumable electrode and supporting electrode; Supporting electrode upper end is connected with battery lead rod, and battery lead rod upper end is connected with transmission shaft; Transmission shaft upper end is provided with differential mechanism/step-down gear; Differential mechanism/step-down gear connection feeding motor becomes single motor driven systems or differential mechanism/step-down gear and feeding motor, motor connects and composes respectively dual-motor drive system fast; Displacement sensor is connected with transmission shaft by gear/Timing Belt assembly; Electric control system comprises programmable logic controller, and programmable logic controller comprises output module, load module, CPU and communication port; The shell of battery lead rod and furnace chamber is drawn respectively arc voltage measuring lead wire, and the other end of two arc voltage measuring lead wire is connected with signal transmitting device, and signal transmitting device is connected with the load module of programmable logic controller; Voltmeter is in parallel with signal transmitting device; Displacement sensor is also connected with load module; Output module, load module are all connected with electric machine controller; The communication port of programmable logic controller is also connected with respectively industrial computer and fusing power supply.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is, for the control method of vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking device, to carry out according to following steps:
Step 1,
In stove, weld starting the arc district or melting starting the arc district puts striking material well playing a forearc, furnace chamber is evacuated to vacuum, the lifting of operation battery lead rod:
Wherein, drive for single motor driven systems: the lifting of battery lead rod and arc voltage arc distance regulate feeding all to use feeding motor by drive speed reducer, make transmission shaft rotarily drive battery lead rod and supporting electrode lifting, make supporting electrode and consumable electrode at a distance of 5mm~30mm;
Drive for dual-motor drive system, first open quick motor and differential mechanism/step-down gear, make transmission shaft rotarily drive battery lead rod and supporting electrode rise, make supporting electrode and consumable electrode at a distance of 5mm~30mm, start fusing power supply and battery lead rod automatic feed, complete the control of arc distance arc voltage by feeding motor by differential mechanism/step-down gear and the lifting of transmission shaft drive electrode bar;
Then in industrial computer, set starting the arc parameter: striking voltage U 0=20V ~ 36V, arc voltage variable quantity U 01=2V ~ 5V, short-circuit voltage U 1=10V ~ 18V, striking current I 0=2A ~ 10kA, current change quantity I 01=0.5kA ~ 1.5kA, arcing time T 0=2min ~ 30min, arc distance D 0=10mm ~ 60mm;
Step 2,
Striking: just started fusing power supply, battery lead rod accelerates to decline from static beginning, until with consumable electrode 10 short circuits, survey arc voltage U lower than the short-circuit voltage U setting 1, battery lead rod stops declining, fast rise pull-out electric arc, and after the starting the arc, actual current I is increased in setting range and is worth from 0, i.e. I ∈ (I 0-I 01, I 0+ I 01), the starting the arc finishes;
Arc voltage arc distance regulates: the arcing time T setting 0whether interior detection actual measurement arc voltage U and/or actual measurement arc distance D at setting range, i.e. U ∈ (U whether 0-U 01, U 0+ U 01), whether D < D 0; U, D meet one carries out:
If at setting range, i.e. U ∈ (U 0-U 01, U 0+ U 01), D < D 0, battery lead rod keeps static; If be less than setting range, i.e. U < U 0-U 01, battery lead rod is driven and is moved up with 10mm/min ~ 20mm/min speed by feeding motor; If be greater than setting range, i.e. U > U 0+ U 01, D > D 0, battery lead rod is driven and is moved down with 10mm/min ~ 20mm/min speed by feeding motor, completes automatic arc striking; If arcing time exceeds the arcing time T of setting 0scope and actual measurement arc voltage U be less than striking voltage U 0, battery lead rod suspends mobile, is increased to setting voltage U until melting process makes to survey voltage U 0.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows and can automatically control accurately given voltage and battery lead rod speed and travel direction, one time starting the arc success ratio is high, reduces on year-on-year basis arcing time 1%, energy-conservation 0.5%, and in the time that other parameters are identical, yield rate has improved 0.5%-2%.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention for vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking device.
Fig. 2 is schema of the present invention.
In figure, 1. battery lead rod, 2. transmission shaft, 3. differential mechanism/step-down gear, 4. feeding motor, 5. quick motor, 6. gear/Timing Belt assembly, 7. furnace chamber, 8. supporting electrode, 9. welding starting the arc district in stove, 10. consumable electrode, 11. melting starting the arc districts, 12. displacement sensors, 13. arc voltage measuring lead wire, 14. electric machine controllers, 15. output modules, 16. load modules, 17. programmable logic controllers, 18. signal transmitting devices, 19. voltmeters, 20. industrial computer, 21. fusing power supplys.
U surveys arc voltage, I measured current, U 0striking voltage, I 0striking current, U 1short-circuit voltage, T 0arcing time, D 0arc distance, the actual measurement arc distance after the D starting the arc, U 01arc voltage variable quantity, I 01current change quantity.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in detail.
The present invention is for vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking device, and structure as shown in Figure 1, comprises mechanical part and electric control system.
Mechanical part comprises furnace chamber 7, and furnace chamber 7 is one openablely has a cooling closed cavity of finding time, and consumable electrode 10 is in furnace chamber 7 bottoms, and the lower surface of consumable electrode 10 and furnace chamber 7 bottom end faces form melting starting the arc districts 11; Consumable electrode 10 tops arrange supporting electrode 8, are welding starting the arc district 9 in stove between consumable electrode 10 and supporting electrode 8; Supporting electrode 8 upper ends are connected with battery lead rod 1, furnace chamber 7 and battery lead rod 1 not only sealed but also insulate also to guarantee battery lead rod 1 furnace chamber 7 interior when mobile junction damping very little; Battery lead rod 1 upper end is connected with transmission shaft 2; Differential mechanism/the step-down gear 3 of transmission shaft 2 upper ends can only connect feeding motor 4 according to battery lead rod 1 load-carrying, becomes single motor driven systems; Differential mechanism/the step-down gear 3 of transmission shaft 2 upper ends can also be connected respectively with quick motor 5 with feeding motor 4, becomes dual-motor drive system.Displacement sensor 12 is connected with transmission shaft 2 by gear/Timing Belt assembly 6, the displacement signal of potential electrode bar 1.
Electric control system comprises programmable logic controller 17, and programmable logic controller 17 comprises output module 15, load module 16, CPU and communication port.The other end that the shell of battery lead rod 1 and furnace chamber 7 is drawn respectively 13, two arc voltage measuring lead wire 13 of arc voltage measuring lead wire is connected with signal transmitting device 18, and signal transmitting device 18 is connected with the load module 16 of programmable logic controller 17; Voltmeter 19 is in parallel with signal transmitting device 18; Displacement sensor 12 is also connected with load module 16; Output module 15, load module 16 are all connected with electric machine controller 14; The communication port of programmable logic controller 17 is also connected with respectively industrial computer 20, fusing power supply 21.
Before welding, consumable electrode 10 is as the positive pole of fusing power supply 21 together with furnace chamber 7, and supporting electrode 8 is connected the negative pole as fusing power supply 21 with battery lead rod 1; After welding, after supporting electrode 8 welds together with consumable electrode 10, battery lead rod 1, supporting electrode 8, consumable electrode 10 become the negative pole of fusing power supply 21, and furnace chamber 7 becomes the positive pole of fusing power supply 21.
In vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking device of the present invention, the detection of actual arc voltage U enters the load module 16 of programmable logic controller 17 to the conditioning of signal transmitting device 18 by the arc voltage measuring lead wire 13 being connected with the shell of furnace chamber 7 with battery lead rod 1 respectively, draw through computing, the voltmeter 19 in parallel with signal transmitting device 18 can intuitively show arc voltage again.Actual measurement arc distance D is read with computing and draws from displacement sensor 12 by programmable logic controller 17 and load module 16 thereof.Measured current I directly reads from the controller of fusing power supply 21 by the communication port of programmable logic controller 17.Electric machine controller 14 is connected with signal output module 15 and the signal input module 16 of programmable logic controller 17 simultaneously, carries out the control command of programmable logic controller 17 to motor and feeds back the state of motor and the machine to programmable logic controller 17.
The present invention adopts for vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking device and controls for the control method of vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking, comprises mechanical part and electric control system for the structure of vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking device:
Machinery comprises furnace chamber 7, and furnace chamber 7 is one openablely has a cooling closed cavity of finding time, and consumable electrode 10 is in furnace chamber 7 bottoms, and the lower surface of consumable electrode 10 and furnace chamber 7 bottom end faces form melting starting the arc districts 11; Consumable electrode 10 tops arrange supporting electrode 8, are welding starting the arc district 9 in stove between consumable electrode 10 and supporting electrode 8; Supporting electrode 8 upper ends are connected with battery lead rod 1; Furnace chamber 7 not only seals but also insulate with battery lead rod 1, also to ensure battery lead rod 1 furnace chamber 7 interior when mobile junction damping very little, seal herein, insulate, the little structure of mobile damping belongs to prior art.Battery lead rod 1 upper end is connected with transmission shaft 2; Differential mechanism/the step-down gear 3 of transmission shaft 2 upper ends can only connect feeding motor 4 according to battery lead rod 1 load-carrying, becomes single motor driven systems; Differential mechanism/the step-down gear 3 of transmission shaft 2 upper ends can also be connected respectively with quick motor 5 with feeding motor 4, becomes dual-motor drive system.Displacement sensor 12 is connected with transmission shaft 2 by gear/Timing Belt assembly 6, the displacement signal of potential electrode bar 1.
Electric control system comprises programmable logic controller 17, and programmable logic controller 17 comprises output module 15, load module 16, CPU and communication port.The other end that the shell of battery lead rod 1 and furnace chamber 7 is drawn respectively 13, two arc voltage measuring lead wire 13 of arc voltage measuring lead wire is connected with signal transmitting device 18, and signal transmitting device 18 is connected with the load module 16 of programmable logic controller 17; Voltmeter 19 is in parallel with signal transmitting device 18; Displacement sensor 12 is also connected with load module 16; Output module 15, load module 16 are all connected with electric machine controller 14; The communication port of programmable logic controller 17 is also connected with respectively industrial computer 20, fusing power supply 21.
And carry out according to following steps:
Step 1
In stove, weld starting the arc district 9 or melting starting the arc district 11 puts striking material well playing a forearc, furnace chamber 7 is evacuated to vacuum, first operates battery lead rod 1 lifting:
Drive for dual-motor drive system, first open quick motor 5 and differential mechanism/step-down gear 3, make transmission shaft 2 rotarily drive battery lead rod 1 and supporting electrode 8 rises, make supporting electrode 8 and consumable electrode 10 5mm~30mm apart, start fusing power supply 21 and battery lead rod 5 automatic feeds, complete the control of arc distance arc voltage by feeding motor 4 by differential mechanism/step-down gear 3 and transmission shaft 2 drive electrode bar 1 liftings.
Drive for single motor driven systems: the fast lifting of battery lead rod 1 and arc voltage arc distance regulate feeding all to use feeding motor 4 by drive speed reducer 3, make transmission shaft 2 rotarily drive battery lead rod 1 and supporting electrode 8 liftings.
Then in industrial computer 20, set starting the arc parameter: striking voltage U 0=20V ~ 36V and arc voltage variable quantity U 01=2V ~ 5V, short-circuit voltage U 1=10V ~ 18V, striking current I 0=2A ~ 10kA and current change quantity I 01=0.5kA ~ 1.5kA, arcing time T 0=2min ~ 30min, arc distance D 0=10mm ~ 60mm;
Step 2
Striking, as shown in Fig. 2 flow process starting the arc part: the firm fusing power supply 21 that starts, due to anodal and negative pole 5mm~30mm apart, in open-circuit condition, actual measurement arc voltage U is much larger than striking voltage U 0, battery lead rod 1 from static start accelerate decline, until with anodal short circuit, survey arc voltage U lower than set short-circuit voltage U 1, battery lead rod 1 stops declining, fast rise pull-out electric arc, and after the starting the arc, actual current I is increased in setting range and is worth from 0, i.e. I ∈ (I 0-I 01, I 0+ I 01), the starting the arc finishes;
Arc voltage arc distance regulates, if Fig. 2 safety arc is apart from as shown in part, and the arcing time T setting 0whether interior detection actual measurement arc voltage U and/or actual measurement arc distance D at setting range, i.e. U ∈ (U whether 0-U 01, U 0+ U 01), whether D < D 0; U, D meet one carries out:
If at setting range, i.e. U ∈ (U 0-U 01, U 0+ U 01), D < D 0, battery lead rod 1 keeps static; If be less than setting range, i.e. U < U 0-U 01, battery lead rod 1 is driven with 10mm/min ~ 20mm/min speed and is moved up by feeding motor 4; If be greater than setting range, i.e. U > U 0+ U 01, D > D 0, battery lead rod 1 is driven with 10mm/min ~ 20mm/min speed and is moved down by feeding motor 4, completes automatic arc striking; If arcing time exceeds the arcing time T of setting 0scope and actual measurement arc voltage U be less than striking voltage U 0, in order to ensure system stability, battery lead rod 1 time-out is mobile, is increased to setting voltage U until melting process makes to survey voltage U 0.
When melting, arc distance is long causes the unstable and spuious of electric arc, and ingot casting is rough, pore is many, has the defect such as screw thread and strip; Arc distance is too short to be easily short-circuited, so that consumable electrode and ingot casting such as are stained with at the accident.Therefore, it is extremely important that initial period is applicable to the control of arc distance, and what be applicable to arc distance both can form molten bath as early as possible, can make again fusion process stable, ingot casting few surface defects, and yield rate is high.
In present method, for these two kinds of battery lead rod type of drive, starting the arc success ratio is high, the stable parameter that also can follow fast setting of arc voltage, and steady in follow-up fusion process battery lead rod feeding, arc voltage control is effective.Use this method starting the arc, reduce limit arc and produce, reduce melting potential safety hazard; Heelpiece scaling loss situation, extends crucible and heelpiece life-span, and arc distance is controlled, at same fusion current, under vacuum tightness parameter, can form as early as possible molten bath, improves the yield rate of ingot casting.
Embodiment 1
Adopt in the situation of apparatus of the present invention, carry out the starting the arc to titanium material, in industrial computer, set starting the arc parameter: striking voltage U 0=20V ~ 26V, arc voltage variable quantity U 01=2V ~ 3V, short-circuit voltage U 1=10V ~ 13V, striking current I 0=2A ~ 4kA and current change quantity I 01=0.5kA ~ 1.0kA, arcing time T 0=2min ~ 15min, arc distance D 0=10mm ~ 30mm.Then control according to above-mentioned steps.
Embodiment 2
Adopt in the situation of apparatus of the present invention, carry out the starting the arc to titanium material, in industrial computer, set starting the arc parameter: striking voltage U 0=24V ~ 30V, arc voltage variable quantity U 01=2V ~ 4V, short-circuit voltage U 1=12V ~ 16V, striking current I 0=3A ~ 7kA and current change quantity I 01=0.5kA ~ 1.2kA, arcing time T 0=10min ~ 20min, arc distance D 0=10mm ~ 40mm.Then control according to above-mentioned steps.
Embodiment 3
Adopt in the situation of apparatus of the present invention, carry out the starting the arc to titanium material, in industrial computer, set starting the arc parameter: striking voltage U 0=28V ~ 36V, arc voltage variable quantity U 01=2V ~ 5V, short-circuit voltage U 1=14V ~ 18V, striking current I 0=6A ~ 10kA and current change quantity I 01=1.0kA ~ 1.5kA, arcing time T 0=18min ~ 30min, arc distance D 0=30mm ~ 60mm.Then control according to above-mentioned steps.

Claims (2)

1. for a vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking device, it is characterized in that, comprise mechanical part and electric control system;
Described mechanical part comprises furnace chamber (7), and consumable electrode (10) is arranged on furnace chamber (7) bottom, and the lower surface of consumable electrode (10) and furnace chamber (7) bottom end face form melting starting the arc district (11); Described consumable electrode (10) top arranges supporting electrode (8), is welding starting the arc district (9) in stove between described consumable electrode (10) and supporting electrode (8); Described supporting electrode (8) upper end is connected with battery lead rod (1), and battery lead rod (1) upper end is connected with transmission shaft (2); Transmission shaft (2) upper end is provided with differential mechanism/step-down gear (3); Differential mechanism/step-down gear (3) connection feeding motor (4) becomes single motor driven systems or differential mechanism/step-down gear (3) connects and composes respectively dual-motor drive system with feeding motor (4), quick motor (5); Displacement sensor (12) is connected with transmission shaft (2) by gear/Timing Belt assembly (6);
Described electric control system comprises programmable logic controller (17), and programmable logic controller (17) comprises output module (15), load module (16), CPU and communication port; The shell of described battery lead rod (1) and furnace chamber (7) is drawn respectively arc voltage measuring lead wire (13), the other end of two arc voltage measuring lead wire (13) is connected with signal transmitting device (18), and signal transmitting device (18) is connected with the load module (16) of programmable logic controller (17); Voltmeter (19) is in parallel with signal transmitting device (18); Displacement sensor (12) is also connected with load module (16); Output module (15), load module (16) are all connected with electric machine controller (14); The communication port of programmable logic controller (17) is also connected with respectively industrial computer (20) and fusing power supply (21);
Its control method is carried out according to following steps:
Step 1,
In stove, weld starting the arc district (9) or melting starting the arc district (11) puts striking material well playing a forearc, furnace chamber (7) is evacuated to vacuum, the lifting of operation battery lead rod (1):
Wherein, drive for single motor driven systems: the lifting of battery lead rod (1) and arc voltage arc distance regulate feeding all to use feeding motor (4) by drive speed reducer (3), make transmission shaft (2) rotarily drive battery lead rod (1) and supporting electrode (8) lifting, make supporting electrode (8) and consumable electrode (10) 5mm~30mm apart;
Drive for dual-motor drive system, first open quick motor (5) and differential mechanism/step-down gear (3), make transmission shaft (2) rotarily drive battery lead rod (1) and supporting electrode (8) rise, make supporting electrode (8) and consumable electrode (10) 5mm~30mm apart, start fusing power supply (21) and battery lead rod (5) automatic feed, complete the control of arc distance arc voltage by feeding motor (4) by differential mechanism/step-down gear (3) and transmission shaft (2) drive electrode bar (1) lifting;
Then in the upper starting the arc parameter of setting of industrial computer (20): striking voltage U 0=20V~36V, arc voltage variable quantity U 01=2V~5V, short-circuit voltage U 1=10V~18V, striking current I 0=2A~10kA, current change quantity I 01=0.5kA~1.5kA, arcing time T 0=2min~30min, arc distance D 0=10mm~60mm;
Step 2,
Striking: just started fusing power supply (21), battery lead rod (1) accelerates to decline from static beginning, until with consumable electrode (10) short circuit, survey arc voltage U lower than the short-circuit voltage U setting 1, battery lead rod (1) stops declining, fast rise pull-out electric arc, and after the starting the arc, actual current I is increased in setting range and is worth from 0, i.e. I ∈ (I 0-I 01, I 0+ I 01), the starting the arc finishes;
Arc voltage arc distance regulates: the arcing time T setting 0whether interior detection actual measurement arc voltage U and/or actual measurement arc distance D at setting range, i.e. U ∈ (U whether 0-U 01, U 0+ U 01), whether D < D 0; U, D meet one carries out:
If at setting range, i.e. U ∈ (U 0-U 01, U 0+ U 01), D < D 0, battery lead rod (1) keeps static; If be less than setting range, i.e. U < U 0-U 01, battery lead rod (1) is driven and is moved up with 10mm/min~20mm/min speed by feeding motor (4); If be greater than setting range, i.e. U > U 0+ U 01, D > D 0, battery lead rod (1) is driven and is moved down with 10mm/min~20mm/min speed by feeding motor (4), completes automatic arc striking; If arcing time exceeds the arcing time T of setting 0scope and actual measurement arc voltage U be less than striking voltage U 0, battery lead rod (1) suspends mobile, is increased to setting voltage U until melting process makes to survey voltage U 0.
2. one according to claim 1, for vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace automatic arc striking device, is characterized in that, described furnace chamber (2) is for can open cooling closed cavity of finding time.
CN201210555388.2A 2012-12-19 2012-12-19 Automatic arcing device for vacuum consumable electric-arc furnace and control method Active CN103045877B (en)

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