CN103026166B - 板式热交换器 - Google Patents

板式热交换器 Download PDF

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CN103026166B
CN103026166B CN201180033465.1A CN201180033465A CN103026166B CN 103026166 B CN103026166 B CN 103026166B CN 201180033465 A CN201180033465 A CN 201180033465A CN 103026166 B CN103026166 B CN 103026166B
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plate
groove
ridge
heat exchanger
die mould
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CN103026166A (zh
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T·达尔贝里
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Swep International AB
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0031Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/042Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
    • F28F3/046Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being linear, e.g. corrugations
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/048Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of ribs integral with the element or local variations in thickness of the element, e.g. grooves, microchannels

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)
  • Thermotherapy And Cooling Therapy Devices (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于在介质之间交换热量的板式热交换器,所述热交换器包括多个堆叠的板(A,B,C,D),板设置有包括脊(R)和槽(G)的第一大型压型图案,所述脊(R)和槽(G)适用于使堆叠的第一板对(A,B)与堆叠的第二板对(C,D)彼此保持距离,使得在板对之间的空间中形成用于第一介质的流道。在相邻板对的大型压型图案彼此接触的点处提供板对之间的接触点。各板对(A,B;C,D)的板通过包括脊(r)和槽(g)的小型压型图案而彼此保持距离。

Description

板式热交换器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在介质之间交换热量的板式热交换器,该热交换器包括多个堆叠的板,板设置有包括脊和槽的第一大型压型图案(largescalepressedpattern),脊和槽适用于使堆叠的第一板对与堆叠的第二板对彼此保持距离,使得在板对之间的空间中形成用于第一介质的流道,并且适用于在相邻板对的大型压型图案彼此接触的点处提供板对之间的接触点。
背景技术
热交换器被广泛用于两种介质彼此交换热量的多种应用中。
多年来已证明板式热交换器、尤其是钎焊板式热交换器对于大多数应用而言是最高效且最经济的解决方案。正如本领域技术人员所熟知的,钎焊板式热交换器包括多个热交换器板,该多个热交换器板设置有适于提供板之间的接触点从而在形成板间流道的状态下使相邻板彼此保持距离的脊和槽的压型图案。
相邻板在接触点处被彼此钎焊。大多数钎焊板式热交换器是“对称的”,即,对于所有板间流道而言,针对相等质量流量他们具有相同的流动阻力。
此外,板式热交换器能否承受高压不得而知;大多数热交换器具有20或30巴的设计破裂压力(designburstpressure)。这对于大多数应用是足够的(即使用在制冷回路中),但是对于以二氧化碳作为制冷剂的应用而言,迄今为止钎焊板式热交换器尚不够结实。
为了提高钎焊板式热交换器的设计压力,已经做了一些努力,例如为热交换器的外边缘设置加固结构。
数十年来,已知的是如果热交换器板的压型图案“窄”,即表现为热交换器板的压型图案的脊和槽之间的小距离,则钎焊板式热交换器的设计压力增加。
正如本领域技术人员所熟知的,在大多数应用中,所有流道具有相同的设计压力不是必要的。在大多数情况中,制冷剂流道需要高得多的设计压力。使与制冷剂交换热量的介质所用的流道具有高的设计压力通常不可避免,但毫无意义。相反,对于该介质而言使流道具有高的设计压力通常有害;采用高的设计压力,板之间接触点的高表面密度以及板之间的小间距都会导致压降上升。
已知的热交换器的另外一个问题是具有相等的通道长度。从热传递的角度来看这并不非常高效。作为示例,例如盐水溶液与金属之间的热传递率显著地高于冷却剂与金属之间的热传递率。因此期望增加冷却剂流道的长度而保持盐水通道的长度不变。
发明内容
本发明通过用于在介质之间交换热量的板式热交换器解决以上及其它问题,该热交换器包括多个堆叠的板。所述板设置有包括脊和槽的第一大型压型图案,所述脊和槽适用于使堆叠的第一板对与堆叠的第二板对彼此保持距离,使得在板对之间的空间中形成用于第一介质的流道。此外,在相邻板对的大型压型图案彼此接触的点处在板对之间提供有接触点。各板对的板通过包括脊和槽的小型压型图案而彼此保持距离。
大型的脊R和槽G可以被布置为在热交换器板的宽度上倾斜走向的长形的脊和槽,其中,当板对被彼此堆叠时,相邻板对的脊和槽彼此相交。
在另一实施方式中,大型的脊和槽可以布置成人字形图案(herringbonepattern),其中,相邻板对的相邻板的人字形图案的顶点朝向相反方向指向。
为了实现紧凑且结实的热交换器,热交换器板可以彼此被钎焊。
附图说明
在下文中,将参照附图描述发明,其中:
图1是根据发明的热交换器包括的四个热交换器板的剖视立体图,以及
图2是示出了图1中的四个板的随机选出部分的剖面图。
具体实施方式
在图1中,以剖视立体图示出了四个热交换器板A、B、C和D。四个热交换器板全部设置有在热交换器板的宽度上倾斜走向(未示出)的脊R和凹槽D的大型压型图案。
热交换器板布置成使得包括热交换器板A和B的热交换器板对被布置成大型压型图案的脊R和槽G彼此平行且同步地走向。板C和D形成了其中脊R和槽G彼此平行且同步地走向的另一热交换器板对。在形成热交换器的热交换器板的堆叠中,所述两对板A、B和C、D分别设置为使得板B和C的脊R和槽G相交(cross)以在板B和C之间形成接触点。脊R和槽G之间的接触点将使板彼此保持距离,因此形成了流道BC。
所有热交换器板A、B、C和D还设置有包括脊r和槽g的小型压型图案。脊r和槽g被整合在包括脊R和槽G的大型图案内,并且被布置成使得热交换器板D的槽g与热交换器板C的脊r相交,以便在板C和D之间形成接触点,使得在形成窄流道CD的状态下热交换器板彼此保持距离,而接触点提供了连接(在下面说明的钎焊操作之后),该连接使板保持彼此结合。热交换器板A和B也设置有小型槽g和小型脊r,使得在形成流道AB的状态下板A和B彼此保持距离。
为了使选择性流体能够流动通过由大型和小型压型图案所提供的流道AB、CD和CD,围绕端开口(portopenings)(未示出)的区域(未示出)以本领域技术人员熟知的方式设置在不同高度处。
同样以本领域技术人员熟知的方式,热交换器的热交换器板还设置有被设计成与相邻板的边缘部分相互作用(co-act)以形成密封的周缘部的边缘部分。
在示出的实施方式中,使用了四个不同种类的热交换器板。如果端开口具有相同尺寸,则可以使用两种类型的热交换器板,只是通过使用四个热交换器板,可以使端开口具有两种不同尺寸。
使用两种不同的端口(port)尺寸是有益的,因为由包括槽G和脊R的大型压型图案形成的流道BC的流动面积显著大于由包括槽g和脊r的小型压型图案形成的流道AB和CD的流动面积;流道具有不同的流动面积并且端开口具有相同的尺寸将使要么端开口太大要么端开口太小。在本发明的优选实施方式中,与由小型槽和脊限定的流道连通的端开口小于与由大型槽和脊限定的流道连通的端开口。
正如从以上描述能够理解的,由具有脊r和槽g的小型压型图案形成的流道AB和CD将以由大型压型图案限定的方式蜿蜒。这意味着与由包括脊R和槽G的大型压型图案形成的流道的有效长度相比,由小型压型图案形成的这些流道的有效长度分别较大。
在涉及到根据本发明的热交换器的预期用途之一,即二氧化碳和盐水溶液之间的热交换时,这是非常有益的。正如本领域技术人员所熟知的,金属与二氧化碳的热传递率大大低于盐水溶液与金属之间的热传递率。通过增加用于二氧化碳的热流道的有效长度,热交换器的热交换能力将大幅提升,而热交换器的实际长度没有增加。
正如热交换器领域技术人员所熟知的,这在一些情况中非常有益。对于移动通过小型流道的介质,热传递率通常较低。
根据本发明的热交换器的另一个益处是,大通道BC和小通道AB及CD可以具有不同的破裂压力能力。这可以通过使脊r和槽g彼此靠近地布置来实现;如果脊r和槽g的位置彼此靠近,则在板间将形成更多的接触点;因此破裂压力将升高。
以上,脊R、r和槽G、g已经被描述为彼此相交的长形的脊和槽。然而在本发明的其它实施方式中,脊R、r和槽G、g分别可以呈“窝(dimples)”(即平滑圆锥形的凹槽和突起)的形式。然而,压型图案中没有“消极(negative)”压力角是关键;在压制压型图案后,压制工具必须将被压制的板释放。
根据本发明的热交换器的板A、B、C和D优选地彼此钎焊,但也可以将边缘部分(未示出)和端口区域设计成主垫圈以形成垫圈密封的热交换器。

Claims (4)

1.一种用于在介质之间交换热量的板式热交换器,所述热交换器包括以板对(A,B;C,D)排列的多个堆叠的板(A,B,C,D),所述板(A,B,C,D)设置有包括脊R和槽G的第一大型压型图案,其中,形成板对(A,B;C,D)的所述板(A,B,C,D)的脊R和槽G彼此平行且同步地走向,所述脊R和槽G在相邻的所述板对(A,B;C,D)的所述大型压型图案彼此接触的点处提供所述板对(A,B;C,D)之间的接触点,使得所述板对(A,B;C,D)彼此保持距离,从而在所述板对(A,B;C,D)之间的空间中形成用于第一介质的流道(BC),
其中,所述板(A,B,C,D)还设置有包括整合在所述大型压型图案中的脊r和槽g的小型压型图案,其中,所述脊r和槽g布置为使得每个所述板对(A,B;C,D)的一个板(D,B)的所述槽g与每个所述板对(A,B;C,D)的另一个板(A,C)的所述脊r相交,以在每个所述板对(A,B;C,D)的所述板(A,B,C,D)之间形成接触点,使得在形成窄流道(AB;CD)的状态下每个所述板对(A,B;C,D)的所述板(A,B,C,D)彼此保持距离。
2.根据权利要求1所述的板式热交换器,其中,大型压型图案的脊R和槽G被布置为在热交换器板的宽度上倾斜走向的长形的脊和槽,其中,当所述板对被彼此堆叠时,相邻板对的所述脊R和槽G彼此相交。
3.根据权利要求1所述的板式热交换器,其中,大型压型图案的脊R和槽G布置成人字形图案,其中,相邻板对的相邻板的人字形图案的顶点朝向相反方向指向。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的热交换器,其中,热交换器板彼此被钎焊。
CN201180033465.1A 2010-07-08 2011-06-15 板式热交换器 Expired - Fee Related CN103026166B (zh)

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US20130180699A1 (en) 2013-07-18
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DK2591303T3 (en) 2015-11-02
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PT2591303E (pt) 2015-11-16
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