CN102986329A - Cornfield film covering plantation method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a cornfield film covering plantation method. The method which comprises the steps of seed selection, seed airing, sowing, film covering and the like enables the survival rate to reach above 98%, and the yield per 666.7m<2> to be 20-30% higher than the yield per 666.7m<2> of corn planted through other methods.

Description

A kind of method of corn plastic mulching plantation

Technical field

Disclosed by the invention is a kind of method of corn plastic mulching plantation.Belong to the agricultural planting field.

Background technology

Corn originates in South America.The American Indian in front America in 7000 has just begun maize planting.Because corn is fit to the nonirrigated farmland plantation, so the West Europe colonist takes back Europe with corn seed after invading America, is widely cultivated in Asia and Europe afterwards.About mid-term in 16th century, China begins to introduce corn greatly, and 18th century were passed to again India.Up to the present, all there is corn planting different continents, and the maize sown area in its Middle and North America and Central America is maximum.

With regard to the corn utilization, substantially experienced the three phases as human grain ration, animal feeding-stuff and industrial production raw material.

The proportion that grain ration consumption accounts for the corn overall consumption is greatly about about 5%, but along with the development in epoch, this ratio has the trend that progressively reduces.Corn is one of three generalized grain kinds, plays great role for solving human problem of food and clothing.Even to this day, corn remains indispensable food on whole world people of various countries' dining table: in " native place of corn " Mexico, the Year's consumption of " state's dish " corn-dodger reaches 1,200 ten thousand tons more than, and rich or poor high and low all the enjoying a lot of people eats; In developed country and area, the source that corn also is used as mineral matters such as replenishing the necessary iron of human body, magnesium extensively eats for people; In some disadvantaged country and area, corn still is the thing of wrapping up in abdomen of people's cheapness.

Feed consumption is the most important consumer channel of corn, accounts for about 70% of total quantity consumed.This consumption can be regarded as living standard and the time dependent function of the size of population: improve the initial stage in people's living standard, Engel coefficient is higher, people have spurred the great development of livestock breeding and feed industry to the solid demand of meat, egg, fowl, milk, cause the fodder maize demand to increase considerably, become the major impetus of corn yield increasing; After life reached certain level, Engel coefficient descended, and with held stationary, this moment, fodder maize consumption will only be directly proportional with the size of population to the demand of meat, egg, fowl, milk etc.

Using as the raw material of industry also is the main channel of corn consumption.Corn is not only " king of feed ", but also is that purposes is the widest in the cereal crops, but development is maximum, the raw material of industry of consumption maximum.Produce starch take corn as raw material, can obtain chemical analysis the best, the product that cost is minimum, added value surpasses tens times of corn initial values, is widely used in the industries such as papermaking, food, weaving, medicine.Alcohol take corn starch as raw material production is a kind of cleaning " green " fuel, might replace traditional fuel and is widely used in 21 century.

The stock also is a kind of form of corn demand.Be in the consideration of grain security, various countries lay in some grains always.World's corn house storage generally accounts for about 20% of consumption figure proportion.About 600～7,000,000 tons of China in Recent Years corn stock.

Summary of the invention

Content of the present invention just provides a kind of method of corn plastic mulching plantation, and its concrete steps comprise the following aspects:

1, a kind of method of corn plastic mulching plantation comprises step:

(1) preparation of seed: select the good Hybrid with high yield, high-quality, suitable, anti-anti-Major Diseases of ripe phase; Basked seeds before the sowing 2～3 days, and selected pelleted seed, with control soil insect and birds and beasts harm;

(2) plastic sheeting for farm use is prepared: select the common polythene film of fabric width 80cm, thick 0.005～0.008mm, every mu of ground consumption 2～3kg;

(3) sowing:

1. sowing time: take long-term daily mean temperature stable by 10 ℃ for beginning date of seeding, and determine the sowing time planting season in conjunction with the locality;

2. seeding quantity: live every mu of ground is with kind of a 2.0～2.5kg;

3. dense planting: only do every mu of 3500～4000 strains, every mu of 3000～3500 strains of interplanting, the high altitude localities of illumination abundance suitably increases planting density;

4. plant form: the flat work, wide-narrow row planting, wide line-spacing 117～150cm, narrow row is determined the nest distance apart from 50cm according to single, double seedling and planting density; Ridge culture, wide-narrow row planting, row spacing 50～60cm, the wide 117～140cm of furrow, the high 5～10cm in ridge, ridge face globular model is planted two row corns, and narrow row is apart from 40cm;

(4) direct seeding tectorial membrane: dig the den according to distance between rows and hills and broadcast, or the trench digging program request, 2～3 kinds of every nest are scraped the plane earth covering with plastic film after broadcasting; Live between narrow row trench digging apply base fertilizer, earthing after the fertilising, after raining or water that rear during overlay film, film will flatten along the plastic mulching of narrow row with the 80cm fabric width, tension, close proximity to ground, the film limit is pressed tight with earth, face is bright and clean, lighting surface reaches more than 70%;

(5) field management:

1. check overlay film, after planting often arrive field examination, find that leakage is covered, breakage will in time be covered again, live breakage with grave;

2. put seedling and filling the gaps with seedlings, live corn should be when beginning to emerge timely rupture of membranes, draw the seedling membrane, and with the fine earth fenestra of obturaging, in conjunction with thinning, band soil is filled the gaps with seedlings when being short of seedling;

3. thinning and final singling, seedling during live 3 leaves, 5～6 leaf phase final singlings;

4. base fertilizer, every mu of organic fertilizer 2000～3000kg, urea 10.5～13.0kg, superphosphate 40～50kg, potassium chloride 10～15kg, zinc sulphate 1kg, all the disposable base fertilizer of doing imposes in the dressing furrow in the narrow row, must guard against fertilizer and seed and mixes and execute; It is fertile to dial joint, dials the joint phase and topdresses take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, and every mu imposes urea 7.0～8.5kg, in conjunction with pour water or rain before between strain, punch with facility or the nest that digs with a hoe applies, execute rear earthing, press the mulch film cut; Ear manuer, the corn typhon mouth phase, every mu imposes urea 17.5～22.0kg, in conjunction with pour water or rain before between strain, apply earthing then with facility punchings or the nest that digs with a hoe.

Technique effect

The corn of according to said method planting, survival rate reaches more than 98%, and the method that per mu yield is adopted than usual exceeds 20%～30%, better economic benefit.

Specific embodiment

1. the preparation of seed: select the good Hybrid with high yield, high-quality, suitable, anti-anti-Major Diseases of ripe phase; Basked seeds before the sowing 2～3 days, and selected pelleted seed, with control soil insect and birds and beasts harm;

2. plastic sheeting for farm use is prepared: select the common polythene film of fabric width 80cm, thick 0.005～0.008mm, every mu of ground consumption 2～3kg;

3. sowing:

1. sowing time: take long-term daily mean temperature stable by 10 ℃ for beginning date of seeding, and determine the sowing time planting season in conjunction with the locality;

2. seeding quantity: live every mu of ground is with kind of a 2.0～2.5kg;

3. dense planting: only do every mu of 3500～4000 strains, every mu of 3000～3500 strains of interplanting, the high altitude localities of illumination abundance suitably increases planting density;

4. plant form: the flat work, wide-narrow row planting, wide line-spacing 117～150cm, narrow row is determined the nest distance apart from 50cm according to single, double seedling and planting density; Ridge culture, wide-narrow row planting, row spacing 50～60cm, the wide 117～140cm of furrow, the high 5～10cm in ridge, ridge face globular model is planted two row corns, and narrow row is apart from 40cm;

4. direct seeding tectorial membrane: dig the den according to distance between rows and hills and broadcast, or the trench digging program request, 2～3 kinds of every nest are scraped the plane earth covering with plastic film after broadcasting; Live between narrow row trench digging apply base fertilizer, earthing after the fertilising, after raining or water that rear during overlay film, film will flatten along the plastic mulching of narrow row with the 80cm fabric width, tension, close proximity to ground, the film limit is pressed tight with earth, face is bright and clean, lighting surface reaches more than 70%;

5. field management:

1. check overlay film, after planting often arrive field examination, find that leakage is covered, breakage will in time be covered again, live breakage with grave;

2. put seedling and filling the gaps with seedlings, live corn should be when beginning to emerge timely rupture of membranes, draw the seedling membrane, and with the fine earth fenestra of obturaging, in conjunction with thinning, band soil is filled the gaps with seedlings when being short of seedling;

3. thinning and final singling, seedling during live 3 leaves, 5～6 leaf phase final singlings;

4. base fertilizer, every mu of organic fertilizer 2000～3000kg, urea 10.5～13.0kg, superphosphate 40～50kg, potassium chloride 10～15kg, zinc sulphate 1kg, all the disposable base fertilizer of doing imposes in the dressing furrow in the narrow row, must guard against fertilizer and seed and mixes and execute; It is fertile to dial joint, dials the joint phase and topdresses take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, and every mu imposes urea 7.0～8.5kg, in conjunction with pour water or rain before between strain, punch with facility or the nest that digs with a hoe applies, execute rear earthing, press the mulch film cut; Ear manuer, the corn typhon mouth phase, every mu imposes urea 17.5～22.0kg, in conjunction with pour water or rain before between strain, apply earthing then with facility punchings or the nest that digs with a hoe.

Claims (1)

1. the method for corn plastic mulching plantation comprises step:

(1) preparation of seed: select the good Hybrid with high yield, high-quality, suitable, anti-anti-Major Diseases of ripe phase; Basked seeds before the sowing 2～3 days, and selected pelleted seed, with control soil insect and birds and beasts harm;

(2) plastic sheeting for farm use is prepared: select the common polythene film of fabric width 80cm, thick 0.005～0.008mm, every mu of ground consumption 2～3kg;

(3) sowing:

1. sowing time: take long-term daily mean temperature stable by 10 ℃ for beginning date of seeding, and determine the sowing time planting season in conjunction with the locality;

2. seeding quantity: live every mu of ground is with kind of a 2.0～2.5kg;

3. dense planting: only do every mu of 3500～4000 strains, every mu of 3000～3500 strains of interplanting, the high altitude localities of illumination abundance suitably increases planting density;

4. plant form: the flat work, wide-narrow row planting, wide line-spacing 117～150cm, narrow row is determined the nest distance apart from 50cm according to single, double seedling and planting density; Ridge culture, wide-narrow row planting, row spacing 50～60cm, the wide 117～140cm of furrow, the high 5～10cm in ridge, ridge face globular model is planted two row corns, and narrow row is apart from 40cm;

(4) direct seeding tectorial membrane: dig the den according to distance between rows and hills and broadcast, or the trench digging program request, 2～3 kinds of every nest are scraped the plane earth covering with plastic film after broadcasting; Live between narrow row trench digging apply base fertilizer, earthing after the fertilising, after raining or water that rear during overlay film, film will flatten along the plastic mulching of narrow row with the 80cm fabric width, tension, close proximity to ground, the film limit is pressed tight with earth, face is bright and clean, lighting surface reaches more than 70%;

(5) field management:

1. check overlay film, after planting often arrive field examination, find that leakage is covered, breakage will in time be covered again, live breakage with grave;

2. put seedling and filling the gaps with seedlings, live corn should be when beginning to emerge timely rupture of membranes, draw the seedling membrane, and with the fine earth fenestra of obturaging, in conjunction with thinning, band soil is filled the gaps with seedlings when being short of seedling;

3. thinning and final singling, seedling during live 3 leaves, 5～6 leaf phase final singlings;

4. base fertilizer, every mu of organic fertilizer 2000～3000kg, urea 10.5～13.0kg, superphosphate 40～50kg, potassium chloride 10～15kg, zinc sulphate 1kg, all the disposable base fertilizer of doing imposes in the dressing furrow in the narrow row, must guard against fertilizer and seed and mixes and execute; It is fertile to dial joint, dials the joint phase and topdresses take nitrogenous fertilizer as main, and every mu imposes urea 7.0～8.5kg, in conjunction with pour water or rain before between strain, punch with facility or the nest that digs with a hoe applies, execute rear earthing, press the mulch film cut; Ear manuer, the corn typhon mouth phase, every mu imposes urea 17.5～22.0kg, in conjunction with pour water or rain before between strain, apply earthing then with facility punchings or the nest that digs with a hoe.