CN102983380A - Lithium air battery based on three-dimensional carbon nanotube structure and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Lithium air battery based on three-dimensional carbon nanotube structure and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102983380A CN102983380A CN2012104399045A CN201210439904A CN102983380A CN 102983380 A CN102983380 A CN 102983380A CN 2012104399045 A CN2012104399045 A CN 2012104399045A CN 201210439904 A CN201210439904 A CN 201210439904A CN 102983380 A CN102983380 A CN 102983380A
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- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The present invention discloses a lithium-air battery based on a three-dimensional carbon nanotube structure and a preparation method thereof. The positive pole uses a three-dimensional structure carbon nanotube material. The diaphragm is ceramic electrolyte LISCON film. The three-dimensional structure carbon nanotubes are deposited with metal particles or metal oxide catalysts, which are prepared by electrochemical deposition. Compared with other carbon materials, the three-dimensional structure carbon nanotube material has a higher conductivity, can provides more reactive sites in a discharge process, and can store sufficient discharge products, while the electrolyte is fully wetted, and oxygen can also easily pass through the structure. The carbon nanotube material is attached with metal particles after processing. The carbon nanotube material as the cathode material can not only elevate the battery voltage platform, and further increase the discharge capacity, but also has low sensitivity to the environment and a large operating environment range. The positive pole does not need to use a binder, the assembled battery is light and stable, the working range is broad, and the battery has a very high specific capacity and specific energy.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the lithium-air battery technology, relate to a kind of lithium-air battery and preparation method thereof, specifically a kind of positive pole lithium-air battery take the three dimensional carbon nanotubes structure as the basis and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Lithium-air battery is the new forms of energy battery system that had just grown up in recent years, does negative pole with lithium metal, and airborne oxygen is anodal, compares lithium ion battery and has higher energy density.During discharge, the lithium sheet of negative pole discharges an electronics becomes Li
+Li
+Arrive anodally by electrolyte, the electronics that flows into oxygen and external circuit reacts and generates lithia or lithium peroxide; In the charging process, anodal discharging product decomposition produces oxygen and Li
+, and discharge electronics, Li
+Arrive negative pole by electrolyte, obtain electronics, again form lithium metal.The anodal oxygen that adopts of lithium-air battery is as reactant in theory, so the capacity of battery depends on cathode of lithium, can reach 11.457Kwh/kg (not considering the quality of anodal oxygen), even consider the quality of oxygen, its specific energy also is ten times of common lithium ion battery.Therefore, can realize that in theory jumbo lithium-air battery has huge dynamogenetic value as high capacity cell of new generation, be subject to extensive concern.
Although lithium-air battery is good prospect for people show, but in fact its performance is subjected to the restriction of various factors, complete realization theory value, positive pole are that the respond place, the especially positive electrode that occur of battery plays a decisive role to capacity and the specific energy of battery.The electrolyte of at present lithium-air battery use is divided into organic bath, aqueous electrolyte and all solid state electrolyte; Negative pole adopts metal lithium sheet; Positive pole is the material with carbon elements that adopt then more.Relevant evidence shows that the lithia that produces or lithium peroxide can stop up the oxygen transmission passage and cause reaction to be interrupted in discharge process, in addition, electrolyte needs sufficient transmission channel as unique medium that lithium ion transmits between the both positive and negative polarity in the charge and discharge process.As seen the microstructure of material with carbon element is the key factor that affects the final performance of battery, and the material with carbon element of therefore studying new structure becomes the focus of research, to improve anodal dynamics, improves capacity, specific energy and the cycle performance of battery.
People find after having studied various carbon materials, the specific capacity of battery and the specific area of material are proportional, because large specific area provides more electro-chemical activity point for reaction, pore passage structure then provides the storage area for product, guarantees the transmission of the full and oxygen of electrolyte.Based on above factor, what air electrode was at present the most frequently used is the porous carbon materials with multi-pore channel structure and bigger serface, carbon has good conductivity, porous carbon not only can be used as supporting construction at air electrode in addition, also can in reaction, play catalytic action or as the carrier of catalyst, studies show that the porous carbon, Graphene etc. of list/multi-walled carbon nano-tubes, template preparation all show higher performance as positive electrode.
Certainly, except the specific area and pore size of material with carbon element, thickness of electrode and composition are all influential to battery performance.The large oxygen of thickness of electrode then is difficult to pass pole piece and is dissolved in the electrolyte, and the different proportion of carbon, electrolyte, catalyst and binding agent can cause different specific capacities in the air electrode, considers, and the lithium-air battery distance applications also has very long distance.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of lithium-air battery based on the three dimensional carbon nanotubes structure, it has higher capacity and specific energy than existing lithium-air battery; The present invention also provides its preparation method.
A kind of lithium-air battery based on the three dimensional carbon nanotubes structure provided by the invention is characterized in that, the anodal three-dimensional structure carbon nano-tube material that adopts, and barrier film is ceramic electrolyte LISCON film.
As improvement of the technical scheme, deposit catalyst on the described three-dimensional structure carbon nano-tube, described catalyst is metallic particles or metal oxide.
The invention provides the preparation method of described lithium-air battery, the preparation process that wherein is attached with the positive electrode of metallic particles is: the chlorate that (1) will plated metal is dissolved among the HCl, and the molar percentage concentration of HCl is 0.1～0.3molL
-1, forming metallic element density is 2～5mgmL
-Mixed solution; (2) add poly(ethylene oxide) in the mixed solution that step (1) obtains, with the particle diameter of metallic particles in the deposition process of control formation, the addition of poly(ethylene oxide) is 10～30mgmL
-1(3) a three dimensional carbon nanotubes material is immersed in the mixed solution, another piece as electrochemical deposition to electrode, deposition obtains being attached with the three dimensional carbon nanotubes material of metallic particles, with this as positive electrode, wherein, the mass ratio of metallic particles and three dimensional carbon nanotubes material is 1: 10～1: 1.
The preparation process that wherein is attached with the positive electrode of metal oxide is: the nitrate of metal is dissolved in compound concentration is 1*10 in the ethylene glycol
-2～5*10
-2The solution of mol/L adds the three dimensional carbon nanotubes material; In mixed solution, add ammoniacal liquor and regulate PH to 7, will take out three dimensional carbon nanotubes material sintering in reducing atmosphere after the ultrasonic processing of gained solution, namely obtain being attached with the three dimensional carbon nanotubes material of metal oxide, with this as positive electrode.
Lithium-air battery positive pole provided by the invention is take novel three-dimensional structure carbon nano tube structure as the basis.The three-dimensional structure carbon nano-tube material is compared other material with carbon elements higher conductivity, and more reactivity point is provided in discharge process, can store abundant discharging product, and electrolyte is wetting fully simultaneously, and oxygen also can easily see through structure.In addition, this structure also can be used as the carrier of catalyst, adheres to upper metal granular catalyst after processing, not only can make cell voltage platform raise as positive electrode this moment, discharge capacity further increases, and environmental sensibility is reduced, and the operational environment scope increases.Generally speaking, positive electrode is based on the lithium-air battery of this three dimensional carbon nanotubes structure, and positive pole does not need to use binding agent, battery portable and stable after the assembling, and working range is more extensive, and has high specific capacity and specific energy.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the microstructure schematic diagram of three dimensional carbon nanotubes;
Fig. 2 is the anodal lithium-air battery discharge performance ratio that is respectively three dimensional carbon nanotubes and super P;
Fig. 3 is the prepared lithium-air battery discharge performance schematic diagram of example 1, example 2 and example 3;
Fig. 4 is the prepared lithium-air battery discharge performance schematic diagram of example 4 and example 5;
Fig. 5 is the prepared lithium-air battery discharge performance schematic diagram of example 6;
Fig. 6 is the prepared lithium-air battery discharge performance schematic diagram of example 7;
Fig. 7 is the prepared lithium-air battery discharge performance schematic diagram of example 8.
Embodiment
Lithium-air battery positive pole provided by the invention is as the basis take novel three-dimensional structure carbon nano tube structure, the carbon nano-tube of this three-dimensional structure is formed by the carbon nano-tube self assembly that interlinks of high conductivity, have extremely low density and high porosity, structure is flexibly slim and graceful and stable, imbibition ability is very high, specific area is large, and the catalyst adhesion amount is higher.Its microstructure as shown in Figure 1.
Lithium-air battery provided by the invention can adopt three dimensional carbon nanotubes directly as the positive electrode of battery, also can be used as catalyst carrier and adheres to behind the different catalysts material positive electrode as battery.Catalyst material can be metallic particles or oxide, and metallic particles can be one or more in the metal materials such as platinum, gold, palladium, and oxide can be iron oxide, iron Fe 3 O, cobaltosic oxide or manganese oxide etc.
Lithium-air battery is that the isolated positive and negative electrode of barrier film film is obtained, and wherein positive pole communicates with air.Lithium-air battery negative pole provided by the present invention adopts the lithium sheet, with the isolated both positive and negative polarity of ceramic electrolyte LISCON film, electrolyte is by N, N-two fluoroform sulfimide lithiums (LiTFSI) are dissolved in ionic liquid at room temperature N-methyl, formulated in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt (PP13TFSI) of propyl group piperidines, the molar concentration of LiTFSI can be 0.1～0.3mol/L.Anodal employing nickel foam is collector.
Lithium-air battery assemble method provided by the present invention is identical with conventional lithium-air battery assemble method, and wherein the preparation method of positive electrode is as follows:
The preparation process that is attached with the positive electrode of metallic particles is:
(1) chlorate that will plated metal is dissolved among the HCl, and the molar percentage concentration of HCl is 0.1～0.3molL
-1, forming metallic element density is 2～5mgmL
-Mixed solution;
(2) add poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solution in the mixed solution that step (1) obtains, with the particle diameter of metallic particles in the deposition process of control formation, addition is 10～30mgmL
-1
(3) three dimensional carbon nanotubes material is immersed in the mixed solution, another piece as electrochemical deposition to electrode, by control deposition current and time, the mass ratio that makes deposition obtain metallic particles and three dimensional carbon nanotubes material is 1: 10～1: 1.
The preparation process that is attached with the positive electrode of metal oxide is:
The nitrate of metal is dissolved in compound concentration is 1*10 in the ethylene glycol
-2～5*10
-2The solution of mol/L adds a three dimensional carbon nanotubes material.In mixed solution, add ammoniacal liquor and regulate PH to 7, will take out three dimensional carbon nanotubes material sintering in reducing atmosphere after the ultrasonic processing of gained solution, can obtain being attached with the three dimensional carbon nanotubes material of metal oxide.Quality by control salinity and three dimensional carbon nanotubes material can obtain the lithium-air battery positive electrode of metal oxide and three dimensional carbon nanotubes material different quality ratio.
The present invention adopts method plated metal particle or the metal oxide catalyst of electrochemical deposition.
Lithium-air battery provided by the invention can be worked in the air of pure oxygen or drying, and discharging product is mainly lithium peroxide; Also can discharge under certain humidity, discharging product contains lithium hydroxide.Because the LISCON Film conductivity is lower in room temperature, adopt it generally will could obtain to charge and discharge preferably electrically being higher than to work under the condition of room temperature as the lithium-air battery of barrier film, since the lithium-air battery among the present invention adopted conductivity high three for carbon nano tube structure for basic, therefore under various environment, all show higher charging and discharging capacity, have higher specific energy.Positive pole adopts respectively the discharge comparison diagram of the lithium-air battery of three dimensional carbon nanotubes structure and super P to see accompanying drawing 2.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the specific embodiment of the present invention is described further.Need to prove at this, understand the present invention for the explanation of these execution modes for helping, but do not consist of limitation of the invention.In addition, below in each execution mode of described the present invention involved technical characterictic just can mutually not make up as long as consist of each other conflict.
Embodiment 1
The pure three-dimensional structure carbon nano-tube of anodal employing, concentration of electrolyte is 0.1mol/L.Obtain dry air with calcium oxide, pass in 55 ℃ of baking ovens, allow battery discharge and recharge therein.0.1mAcm
-2Current density under, discharge capacity is 3001mAhg first
-1(the active material quality is pressed the quality of carbon and calculated), discharge platform is about 2.6V.Discharge curve is seen accompanying drawing 3.
Embodiment 2
Battery among the embodiment 1 is put into 45 ℃ of baking ovens.0.1mAem
-2Current density under, discharge capacity is 2401mAhg first
-1(the active material quality is pressed the quality of carbon and is calculated), discharge platform is at 2.55V, and discharge curve is seen accompanying drawing 3.
Embodiment 3
Battery among the embodiment 1 is measured (25 degrees centigrade) under the room temperature environment of drying.
0.1mAcm
-2Current density under, discharge capacity is 1399mAhg first
-1(the active material quality is pressed the quality of carbon and is calculated), discharge platform 2.4V.Discharge curve is seen accompanying drawing 3.
Battery among the embodiment 1 is measured in 50 ℃ baking oven, used humidifier to make air humidity reach 50%, pass in the baking oven.0.1mAcm
-2Current density under, discharge capacity is 4269.1mAhg first
-1(the active material quality is pressed the quality of carbon and is calculated).Discharge curve is seen accompanying drawing 4.
Embodiment 5
Using humidifier is that air humidity reaches 90% and passes in the baking oven, and oven temperature is 50 ℃, the battery among the embodiment 1 is put into wherein carried out electro-chemical test.0.1mAcm
-2Current density under, discharge capacity 3956.4mAhg first
-1(the active material quality is pressed the quality of carbon and is calculated).Discharge curve is seen accompanying drawing 4.
Embodiment 6
Adopt the electrochemical deposition method described in the enforcement mode, with PdCl
2Be dissolved among the HCl, the molar percentage concentration of HCl is 0.1molL
-1, forming the Pd density metal is 2mgmL
-1Mixed solution, in mixed solution, add 10mgmL
-1Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) solution.A three dimensional carbon nanotubes material is immersed in the mixed solution, another piece as electrochemical deposition to electrode, the control deposition current is 0.302mA/mg, and sedimentation time is 10min, and the mass ratio that obtains metallic particles and three dimensional carbon nanotubes material is 1: 10 lithium-air battery positive electrode.
Obtain dry air with calcium oxide, pass in 50 ℃ of baking ovens, allow battery discharge and recharge therein.0.1mAcm
-2Current density under, discharge capacity is 8592.15mAhg first
-1(the active material quality is pressed the quality of carbon and calculated), the charge ratio capacity is 5278.5mAhg
-1, discharge platform is about 2.7V.Discharge curve is seen accompanying drawing 5.
Embodiment 7
Such as the method in the example 5, with PtCl
2Be dissolved in and prepare mixed solution among the HCl, the control sedimentation time is 10 minutes, and deposition current is 0.165mA/mg, can utilize electrochemical deposition method deposited catalyst Pt particle as positive electrode in three dimensional carbon nanotubes.Obtain dry air with calcium oxide, pass in 50 ℃ of baking ovens, allow battery work therein.0.1mAcm
-2Current density under, discharge capacity is 7206.4mAhg first
-1(the active material quality is pressed the quality of carbon and calculated), the charge ratio capacity is 3180mAhg
-1, discharge platform is at 2.65V.Discharge curve is seen accompanying drawing 6.
Embodiment 8
As implement as shown in the mode, with 0.9gFe (NO
3)
3Be dissolved in the 150mL ethylene glycol, add a quality 20mg three dimensional carbon nanotubes material.In mixed solution, add ammoniacal liquor and regulate PH to 7, three dimensional carbon nanotubes material 400 ℃ of sintering in reducing atmosphere are taken out in the ultrasonic processing of gained solution after 15 minutes, be incubated the three dimensional carbon nanotubes positive electrode that can obtain being attached with tri-iron tetroxide after 3 hours.Fe wherein
3O
4Mass ratio be 15%.Obtain dry air with calcium oxide, pass in 55 ℃ of baking ovens, allow battery discharge and recharge therein.0.1mAcm
-2Current density under, discharge capacity is 10337.4mAhg first
-1(the active material quality is pressed the quality of carbon and calculated), discharge platform is about 2.9V.Discharge curve is seen accompanying drawing 7.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the present invention should not be confined to the disclosed content of this embodiment and accompanying drawing.So everyly do not break away from the equivalence of finishing under the spirit disclosed in this invention or revise, all fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. a lithium-air battery is characterized in that, the anodal three-dimensional structure carbon nano-tube material that adopts, and barrier film is ceramic electrolyte LISCON film.
2. lithium-air battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that, deposits catalyst on the described three-dimensional structure carbon nano-tube, and described catalyst is metallic particles.
3. lithium-air battery according to claim 2 is characterized in that, deposits catalyst on the described three-dimensional structure carbon nano-tube, and described catalyst is metal oxide.
4. according to claim 1,2 or 3 described lithium-air batteries based on the three dimensional carbon nanotubes structure, it is characterized in that, electrolyte is by N, N-two fluoroform sulfimide lithiums are dissolved in ionic liquid N-methyl, dispose in the two fluoroform sulfimide salt of propyl group piperidines, N, the molal weight concentration of N-two fluoroform sulfimide lithiums is 0.1-0.3mol/L; The anodal employing of lithium-air battery nickel foam is collector.
5. lithium-air battery according to claim 2 is characterized in that, metallic particles is one or more in platinum, gold and the palladium.
6. lithium-air battery according to claim 3 is characterized in that, oxide is iron oxide, di-iron trioxide, cobaltosic oxide or manganese oxide.
7. the preparation method of a lithium-air battery claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, the preparation process of positive electrode is:
(1) chlorate that will plated metal is dissolved among the HCl, and the molar percentage concentration of HCl is 0.1～0.3molL
-1, forming metallic element density is 2～5mgmL
-Mixed solution;
(2) add poly(ethylene oxide) in the mixed solution that step (1) obtains, with the particle diameter of metallic particles in the deposition process of control formation, the addition of poly(ethylene oxide) is 10～30mgmL
-1
(3) a three dimensional carbon nanotubes material is immersed in the mixed solution, another piece as electrochemical deposition to electrode, deposition obtains being attached with the three dimensional carbon nanotubes material of metallic particles, with this as positive electrode, wherein, the mass ratio of metallic particles and three dimensional carbon nanotubes material is 1: 10～1: 1.
8. preparation method according to claim 7 is characterized in that, in the step (1), the molar percentage concentration of HCl is 0.1molL
-1, metallic element density is 2mgmL
-Mixed solution; The poly(ethylene oxide) addition is 30mgmL in the step (2)
-1
9. the preparation method of a lithium-air battery claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, the preparation process of positive electrode is: the nitrate of metal is dissolved in compound concentration is 1*10 in the ethylene glycol
-2～5*10
-2The solution of mol/L adds the three dimensional carbon nanotubes material; In mixed solution, add ammoniacal liquor and regulate PH to 7, will take out three dimensional carbon nanotubes material sintering in reducing atmosphere after the ultrasonic processing of gained solution, namely obtain being attached with the three dimensional carbon nanotubes material of metal oxide, with this as positive electrode.
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| CN103700811A (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2014-04-02 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | Preparation method for carbon nano tube lithium-air positive electrode material |
| CN104538652A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-22 | 深圳鸿源博得新能源技术发展有限公司 | Air electrode for metal air battery and metal air battery |
| CN104993159A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-10-21 | 东华大学 | Dual-function catalyst and preparation thereof and application in metal-air battery |
| CN105655632A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-06-08 | 湖北知本信息科技有限公司 | Method for preparing lithium-air battery and prepared lithium-air battery |
| US20160380273A1 (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2016-12-29 | Tsinghua University | Cathode and lithium-air battery using the same |
| CN106328964A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2017-01-11 | 清华大学 | Metal-air battery positive electrode and metal-air battery |
| CN107431199A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-12-01 | 株式会社Lg 化学 | Positive electrode active materials and positive pole comprising metal nanoparticle and include its lithium-sulfur cell |
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| CN108199018A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-22 | 徐州工程学院 | A kind of foamy graphite alkene/carbon nanotube/molybdenum disulfide composite material with tertiary structure and preparation method and application |
| CN108701885A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2018-10-23 | 株式会社电装 | Lithium-air battery system |
| CN111785979A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-16 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Metal alloy-carbon nano tube network macroscopic body composite material, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114976053A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-30 | 永安行常州氢能动力技术有限公司 | Graphene-loaded platinum-based catalyst and preparation method thereof |
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| CN103700811A (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2014-04-02 | 中国科学院福建物质结构研究所 | Preparation method for carbon nano tube lithium-air positive electrode material |
| CN104538652A (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2015-04-22 | 深圳鸿源博得新能源技术发展有限公司 | Air electrode for metal air battery and metal air battery |
| CN104993159B (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2018-05-15 | 东华大学 | A kind of bifunctional catalyst and its preparation and the application in metal-air battery |
| CN104993159A (en) * | 2015-06-09 | 2015-10-21 | 东华大学 | Dual-function catalyst and preparation thereof and application in metal-air battery |
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| CN106328964B (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2019-04-23 | 清华大学 | Metal-air battery anode and metal-air battery |
| US11018348B2 (en) | 2015-06-25 | 2021-05-25 | Tsinghua University | Cathode and lithium-air battery using the same |
| CN107431199A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2017-12-01 | 株式会社Lg 化学 | Positive electrode active materials and positive pole comprising metal nanoparticle and include its lithium-sulfur cell |
| CN107431199B (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2020-09-08 | 株式会社Lg 化学 | Positive electrode active material and positive electrode including metal nanoparticles, and lithium-sulfur battery including the same |
| CN108701885B (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2021-04-30 | 株式会社电装 | Lithium air battery system |
| CN105655632A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2016-06-08 | 湖北知本信息科技有限公司 | Method for preparing lithium-air battery and prepared lithium-air battery |
| CN108701885A (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2018-10-23 | 株式会社电装 | Lithium-air battery system |
| CN108123140A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2018-06-05 | 本田技研工业株式会社 | Electrode for secondary battery |
| CN108199018A (en) * | 2017-12-20 | 2018-06-22 | 徐州工程学院 | A kind of foamy graphite alkene/carbon nanotube/molybdenum disulfide composite material with tertiary structure and preparation method and application |
| CN111785979A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2020-10-16 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Metal alloy-carbon nano tube network macroscopic body composite material, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111785979B (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2021-06-04 | 中国科学院苏州纳米技术与纳米仿生研究所 | Metal alloy-carbon nano tube network macroscopic body composite material, preparation method and application thereof |
| CN114976053A (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2022-08-30 | 永安行常州氢能动力技术有限公司 | Graphene-loaded platinum-based catalyst and preparation method thereof |
| CN114976053B (en) * | 2022-06-09 | 2024-03-08 | 常州永安行氢能科技有限公司 | Graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst and preparation method thereof |
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