CN114976053B - Graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114976053B CN114976053B CN202210653093.2A CN202210653093A CN114976053B CN 114976053 B CN114976053 B CN 114976053B CN 202210653093 A CN202210653093 A CN 202210653093A CN 114976053 B CN114976053 B CN 114976053B
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- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- IPKOOFMMRKTNNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Br.NC(CC)C1=NC=CN1C Chemical compound Br.NC(CC)C1=NC=CN1C IPKOOFMMRKTNNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910003473 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F QSZMZKBZAYQGRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013855 polyvinylpyrrolidone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920000036 polyvinylpyrrolidone Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001267 polyvinylpyrrolidone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- -1 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole cations Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002484 cyclic voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006056 electrooxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000007142 ring opening reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004593 Epoxy Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005349 anion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000001165 hydrophobic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008247 solid mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005463 sulfonylimide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
- H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/926—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The invention discloses a graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst and a preparation method thereof. The invention belongs to the technical field related to new energy materials, and discloses a graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst which is prepared by sequentially modifying the surface of graphene oxide by using 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole bromide and lithium bistrifluoromethane sulfonyl imide to prepare modified graphene, and then depositing platinum nanoparticles on the surface of the modified graphene serving as a carrier. The dispersibility, stability and conductivity of the graphene oxide are improved by using 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole cations. The catalyst layer is endowed with hydrophobicity by using bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide) anions, so that the flooding phenomenon of the electrode is reduced. The graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst prepared by the method has smaller particle size, uniform dispersion, further improved conductivity, longer service life, and good electrochemical catalytic performance and chemical stability.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field related to new energy materials, in particular to a graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs) have many advantages such as high conversion efficiency, fast start-up, no pollution, etc., and thus have received increasing attention. Wherein the catalyst layer often requires a platinum-based catalyst to catalyze the reaction, the commercial application of PEMFC is severely limited due to the expensive and scarce precious metal platinum materials. In view of this, the activity and stability of the catalyst are continuously improved, and the performance and the service life of the membrane electrode are continuously improved on the basis of the activity and stability, which is a necessary requirement for the wide application of the PEMFC.
A great deal of research has been conducted on the properties of catalyst support materials, and it has been found that the catalyst support should have good electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, stable chemical properties, and high corrosion resistance. Graphene is an ideal catalyst support because of its properties. However, the platinum nanoparticles are easy to agglomerate on the surface of graphene, and in addition, electrochemical corrosion is easy to occur when the PEMFC is operated for a long time, so that the graphene carrier collapses, and the activity of the catalyst is reduced.
In order to better develop the excellent characteristics of graphene and improve the dispersibility and electrochemical catalytic performance of the platinum-based catalyst, the graphene needs to be functionalized and modified.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the existing technical problems. The invention provides a preparation method of a graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst, which comprises the following steps:
dispersing graphene oxide solid into deionized water, adding KOH and 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole bromide to carry out a reflux reaction, simultaneously dropwise adding LiTFSI solution, sequentially stirring, centrifuging, washing and drying at room temperature to obtain modified graphene;
dispersing the modified graphene and polyvinylpyrrolidone prepared in the step I into deionized water, and adding H 2 PtCl 6 Stirring the solution; stirring and adding NaBH 4 And (3) carrying out solution reaction, and centrifuging after the reaction is finished to obtain the graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst.
Preferably or alternatively, the concentration of the LiTFSI solution is 0.01-0.05 g/mL.
Preferably or alternatively, the mass ratio of the graphene oxide solid to the deionized water is 1:80-1:100; the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to KOH to the 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole bromide to the LiTFSI solution is 1:1:2:2.
Preferably or alternatively, the temperature of the reflux reaction is 75 to 85 ℃.
Preferably or alternatively, the modified graphene prepared in the step I has the following structural formula:
preferably or alternatively, the mass ratio of the modified graphene to the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1:20-1:50; the H is 2 PtCl 6 The concentration of the solution is 10-50 mmol/L; the deionized water, H 2 PtCl 6 Solution, naBH 4 The volume ratio of the solutions was 100:3:15.
Preferably or alternatively, the NaBH 4 The concentration of (C) is 0.01-0.05 mol/L.
The graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst provided by the invention is prepared by adopting the preparation method of any one of the graphene-supported platinum-based catalysts.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the preparation method, the surface of graphene oxide is modified to prepare modified graphene, the modified graphene is used as a carrier, and platinum nano particles are deposited on the surface of the modified graphene to prepare the graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst. When the modified graphene is prepared, a ring-opening reaction is carried out between 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole bromide and an epoxy ring on the surface of the graphene oxide, and the modified graphene is grafted to the surface of the graphene oxide. As the amino functional ionic liquid, the 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole cation has the characteristics of higher solubility, carrying a large amount of charges and high conductivity, and the dispersibility, stability and conductivity of the graphene oxide can be effectively improved. And then, introducing bistrifluoromethane sulfonyl imide anions through electrostatic action, wherein the bistrifluoromethane sulfonyl imide serving as a hydrophobic group can enable the catalyst layer to have certain hydrophobicity, is favorable for draining water generated by a cathode, reduces electrode flooding phenomenon, and improves the performance and service life of the fuel cell. Meanwhile, the bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide anion with larger steric hindrance can effectively reduce the agglomeration of platinum particles, and the dispersion performance of platinum on the modified graphene carrier is obviously improved. The platinum catalyst prepared by the method has smaller particle size, uniform dispersion, further improved conductivity, and good electrochemical catalytic performance and chemical stability.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) of a catalyst according to examples 1-3 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the results of the electrochemical active area (ECSA) and specific Mass Activity (MA) tests of the catalysts according to examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 shows the results of the low potential durability test of the catalysts according to examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows the results of the high potential durability test of the catalysts according to examples 1 to 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the results of I-V curve test for the membrane electrode prepared by the catalyst according to examples 1-3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
The invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with examples, examples of which are intended to illustrate the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. The specific techniques and reaction conditions not specified in the examples may be carried out according to the techniques or conditions described in the literature in this field or the product specifications. Reagents, instruments or equipment not specifically mentioned in the manufacturer are commercially available.
The ionic liquid is an organic salt, and has good conductivity, stable chemical property, wide electrochemical window and excellent anion exchange capacity. Research reports show that the amino functionalized ionic liquid can be modified to the surface of graphene oxide through ring-opening reaction with a large number of epoxy groups on the surface of graphene oxide, so that the dispersibility, stability and conductivity of the composite material are improved. In addition, the active sites of the metal particles adsorbed on the surface of the carbon carrier can be increased by utilizing the interaction of anions and cations of the ionic liquid, the interaction between the metal particles and the carbon material is enhanced, and the phenomenon that the metal particles fall off due to electrochemical corrosion of the carbon carrier is reduced.
Example 1:
dispersing 1.0g of graphene oxide solid (GO) into 100mL of deionized water, performing ultrasonic-assisted dispersion for 30 minutes, adding 1.0g of KOH and 2.0g of 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole bromide, performing reflux reaction on the mixed solution at 80 ℃ for 24 hours, slowly dropwise adding 2.0g of LiTFSI solution into the mixed solution, stirring the mixed solution for 3 hours at room temperature, washing the mixed solution with distilled water, and drying the mixed solution to obtain the modified graphene.
Dispersing 3mg of the modified graphene solid and 75mg of PVP in 50mL of deionized water, and adding 1.5mL of 30mM H 2 PtCl 6 The solution was stirred for 3 hours. 7.5mL of the configured 0.04M NaBH 4 The solution was poured into the reaction system, and after the reaction was continued for 3 hours, stirring was stopped. Centrifuging to obtain the graphene loaded platinum-based catalyst.
Example 2
1.0g of graphene oxide solid (GO) and 2.0g of 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole bromide are dispersed into 100mL of deionized water, 2.0g of LiTFSI solution is slowly added dropwise thereto, stirring is carried out for 3 hours at room temperature, centrifugation, washing with distilled water and drying are carried out, and thus an ionic liquid and graphene oxide solid mixture is obtained.
Dispersing 3mg of the solid obtained in the above step and 75mg of PVP in 50mL of deionized water, adding 1.5mL of 30mM H 2 PtCl 6 The solution was stirred for 3 hours. 7.5mL of the configured 0.04M NaBH 4 Pouring the solution into a reaction system, continuously reacting for 3 hours, stopping stirring, and centrifuging to obtain the graphene oxide and ionic liquid blended and compounded platinum-based catalyst.
Example 3
3mg of graphene oxide solid was dispersed in 50mL of deionized water, 1.5mL of 30mM H was added 2 PtCl 6 The solution was stirred for 3 hours. 7.5mL of the configured 0.04M NaBH 4 Pouring the solution into a reaction system, continuously reacting for 3 hours, stopping stirring, and centrifuging to obtain the graphene oxide supported platinum-based catalyst.
The testing method comprises the following steps:
the morphology and particle size distribution of the catalyst prepared by each embodiment are characterized by adopting a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM).
Single cell performance test: the catalyst prepared in each embodiment is prepared into slurry which is uniformly coated on two sides of a proton exchange membrane, and a membrane electrode is formed by adding a gas diffusion layer to perform single cell performance test (the effective area is 7cm x 4 cm), wherein the test conditions are as follows: the cell temperature was 30-65 ℃, the open cathode, hydrogen pressure 50kPa, hydrogen flow rate 1-10slpm, ambient humidity 30-50%, and voltage values at different current areal densities were tested.
Cell activity test: the electrochemical activity area (ECSA) and the specific Mass Activity (MA) of the prepared catalyst are tested by Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), and the catalyst is specifically: in Ar/N 2 Saturated 0.1M HClO 4 The solution is electrolyte solution, and is scanned by CV scanning (0.05V-1.2V, 50 mV/s) until the CV curve is not changed obviously, taking the final circle of CV curve, and calculating ECSA by hydrogen desorption peak; by O 2 Saturated 0.1M HClO 4 The solution was an electrolyte solution (normal temperature/25 ℃ C.) and was swept through CV (0.05-1.2V, 10 m)V/s,1600 rpm), to calculate MA.
Durability test: the durability of the catalysts prepared in the examples was tested using a Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) in the present invention. The specific parameters are as follows: at a platinum loading of 20. Mu.g/cm 2 Introducing saturated N 2 0.1M HClO of (E) 4 The solution was scanned and after 30000 cycles (room temperature/25 ℃) ECSA and ORR activity tests were performed.
Fig. 1 is analyzed, wherein a, b, and c correspond to example 1, example 2, and example 3, respectively, the inset shows the particle size distribution diagram of each example, the ionic liquid covalently modified graphene prepared in example 1 still has a better morphology (fig. a 1), the average particle size of the supported platinum nanoparticles is 2.35nm (fig. a 2), and compared with fig. b1, b2, c1, and c2, the platinum nanoparticles of example 1 are smaller and more uniformly dispersed.
As can be seen from fig. 2, both ECSA and MA of the catalyst prepared in example 1 are higher than those of examples 2 and 3, and it is presumed that the graphene modified by the ionic liquid greatly improves the dispersibility of the platinum nanoparticles, thereby improving the electrochemical activity of the catalyst.
In fig. 3 and fig. 4, in example 1, the graphene oxide is covalently modified by 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole bromide, so that the graphene is doped with N atoms, the adsorption active site on the surface is increased, the interaction between the platinum nanoparticles and the graphene can be enhanced, and the phenomenon that the platinum nanoparticles fall off from the graphene carrier under electrochemical corrosion is reduced, so that example 1 has good durability at both low potential and high potential.
In this example, the catalysts prepared in examples 1 to 3 were prepared so that the slurry was uniformly coated on both sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the membrane electrode was formed by adding a gas diffusion layer to perform a single cell performance test. As can be seen from FIG. 5, the performance of example 1 is optimal, which further demonstrates that the platinum catalyst with small particle size and uniform dispersion is beneficial to improving the single cell performance, and TFSI - The introduction of anions enables the catalyst layer to have certain hydrophobicity, is favorable for draining water generated by the cathode, and reduces the flooding phenomenon of the membrane electrode.
In addition, the specific features described in the above embodiments may be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. The various possible combinations of the invention are not described in detail in order to avoid unnecessary repetition.
Claims (7)
1. The preparation method of the graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst comprises the following steps:
dispersing graphene oxide solid into deionized water, adding KOH and 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole bromide to carry out a reflux reaction, simultaneously dropwise adding LiTFSI solution, sequentially stirring, centrifuging, washing and drying at room temperature to obtain modified graphene;
dispersing the modified graphene and polyvinylpyrrolidone prepared in the step I into deionized water, and adding H 2 PtCl 6 Stirring the solution; stirring and adding NaBH 4 Carrying out solution reaction, and centrifuging after the reaction is finished to obtain the graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst;
the mass ratio of the graphene oxide solid to the deionized water is 1:80-1:100; the mass ratio of the graphene oxide to KOH to the 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazole bromide to the LiTFSI solution is 1:1:2:2.
2. The preparation method of the graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of the LiTFSI solution is 0.01-0.05 g/mL.
3. The preparation method of the graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the reflux reaction is 75-85 ℃.
4. The preparation method of the graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the modified graphene prepared in the step I has the following structural formula:
5. the preparation method of the graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the modified graphene to the polyvinylpyrrolidone is 1:20-1:50; the H is 2 PtCl 6 The concentration of the solution is 10-50 mmol/L; the deionized water, H 2 PtCl 6 Solution, naBH 4 The volume ratio of the solutions was 100:3:15.
6. The preparation method of the graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst according to claim 1, wherein the NaBH 4 The concentration of (C) is 0.01-0.05 mol/L.
7. The graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst is characterized by being prepared by the preparation method of the graphene-supported platinum-based catalyst according to any one of claims 1-6.
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| CN102683727A (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2012-09-19 | 复旦大学 | Manganese oxide-graphene nano composite activator for lithium air battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN102694185A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-09-26 | 中南大学 | Composite electrocatalyst material used for Li-air batteries and preparation method thereof |
| CN102983380A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2013-03-20 | 华中科技大学 | Lithium air battery based on three-dimensional carbon nanotube structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN103515604A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-01-15 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Silicon nanowire-graphene composite and preparation method thereof, and lithium ion battery |
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| US20220115639A1 (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-14 | Global Graphene Group, Inc. | Elastic polymer matrix-protected particles of anode active materials for lithium batteries and method of manufacturing |
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| CN102694185A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-09-26 | 中南大学 | Composite electrocatalyst material used for Li-air batteries and preparation method thereof |
| CN102683727A (en) * | 2012-05-31 | 2012-09-19 | 复旦大学 | Manganese oxide-graphene nano composite activator for lithium air battery and preparation method thereof |
| CN103515604A (en) * | 2012-06-21 | 2014-01-15 | 海洋王照明科技股份有限公司 | Silicon nanowire-graphene composite and preparation method thereof, and lithium ion battery |
| CN102983380A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2013-03-20 | 华中科技大学 | Lithium air battery based on three-dimensional carbon nanotube structure and preparation method thereof |
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