CN104167556A - Air electrode of lithium air battery, preparation method of air electrode and lithium air battery - Google Patents
Air electrode of lithium air battery, preparation method of air electrode and lithium air battery Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
- H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M12/08—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of a fuel-cell type and a half-cell of the secondary-cell type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/8825—Methods for deposition of the catalytic active composition
- H01M4/8867—Vapour deposition
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9016—Oxides, hydroxides or oxygenated metallic salts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
- H01M4/9083—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention provides an air electrode of a lithium air battery. The air electrode comprises a current collector and a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is loaded on the current collector in an in-situ composite manner. The invention further provides a preparation method of the air electrode of the lithium air battery and the lithium air battery which comprises the air electrode. According to the air electrode, the performance of the lithium air battery can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to design and technology of preparing thereof that a class can be used for the air electrode of lithium-air battery, belong to field of chemical power source.
Background technology
Developing large capacity, high power energy storage device is one of Important Action solving energy crisis, energy security and environmental problem.No matter be lead-acid battery, ni-mh (cadmium) battery or lithium ion battery, the bottleneck of its development is all the deficiency of energy content of battery density.The positive active material (oxygen) of metal-air battery can obtain from outside air, instead of is stored among battery system, and therefore metal-air battery has very high specific energy.But because initial metal-air battery uses aqueous electrolyte, theoretical and actual cell voltage is lower and the molal weight of cathode reactant is larger, limit cell integrated energy density.In order to obtain the more battery system of high-energy-density, use and there is low molar mass more and replace the metal-air battery cathode reactant such as aluminium, zinc to receive undoubtedly people's concern compared with the lithium metal of negative potential.
1996, Abraham etc. adopted non-aqueous polyelectrolyte, had overcome the fatal shortcoming of aqueous electrolyte, had just really started the research of lithium-air battery.At present, the theoretical energy density of lithium-air battery reaches 11140Wh/Kg (not comprising oxygen) or 5200Wh/Kg (comprising oxygen), and energy density and gasoline that it is actual are suitable.Therefore non-aqueous lithium-air battery is also considered to one of electric automobile future development technology.
At present, air electrode for lithium air battery is material with carbon element substantially: such as the summer forever Yao (materials chemistry " Chemistry of Materials " 19 (2007) 2095-2101) etc. propose using mesoporous carbon CMK-3 as catalyst carrier, and think and in CMK-3, obtain larger gas-solid-liquid three-phase reaction interface; Yong-gang Wang etc. (electrochemistry communication " Electrochemistry Communications " 11 (2009) 127-130) have compared Super P, the performance of several material with carbon elements such as XC-72, AC and graphite during respectively as lithium-air battery catalyst carrier, wherein specific surface is 824m
2the reticulated foams carbon of/g has the highest specific discharge capacity 2500mAh/g while being carrier.As can be seen here, the actual capacity of lithium-air battery is restricted by the micro-structural of air electrode.Compared with porous material, carbon nano-tube not only has advantages of that surface area is large equally, and unlike porous carbon materials, and reaction cannot be participated in a lot of surfaces, therefore, and the carbon nano-tube space that has a wide range of applications in lithium-air battery.No matter carbon nano-tube is as positive pole or catalyst carrier, all obtain good performance: Single Walled Carbon Nanotube is applied to lithium-air battery positive pole by such as A.G. Lin Zile etc. (patent CN102439783A), obtain good battery performance, carbon nano-tube is proven as the advantage of O for cathode of air battery.Nitrogen adulterates as a kind of effective means that regulates material with carbon element structure and performance, can improve oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic activity of material with carbon element, has had research comparatively widely.Yong-liang Li etc. (electrochemistry communication " Electrochemistry Communications " 13 (2001) 668-672) find, in carbon back electrolyte, the nitrogen doping of material with carbon element can improve 50% by the discharge capacity of lithium-air battery.Cobaltosic oxide is as a kind of good oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst, also obtain many concerns, promoted the performance of lithium-air battery as (patent CN102208652A) such as Wen Zhaoyin proved cobaltosic oxide and the compound positive electrode of nickel foam.But, nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe and the common original position of cobaltosic oxide are compounded in to the research being applied in lithium-air battery on plus plate current-collecting body and there is not yet report.
In sum, this area lacks a kind of lithium air electrode that can make the performance of lithium-air battery increase substantially, and this area is in the urgent need to developing this lithium air electrode that the performance of lithium-air battery is increased substantially.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the invention is to adopt chemical vapour deposition technique, nitrogen-doped carbon nano material is grown directly upon on the collector of nickel foam, with electrochemical deposition, cobaltosic oxide original position is compounded in to nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe surface again and obtains a kind of lithium air electrode that can make the performance of lithium-air battery increase substantially, do not need to use any carrier and binding agent, ensureing, under the prerequisite of catalyst content, inert matter content in air electrode to be dropped to minimum.
Air electrode for lithium air battery of the present invention, on collector, original position composite load has the catalyst of air electrode, and described catalyst is the compound of nitrogen-doped carbon nano material and cobaltosic oxide; Preferably, described catalyst does not contain any carrier and/or binding agent.
Be preferably, carbon nanomaterial is uniformly distributed in the surface of collector, and carbon nanomaterial is fibrous, tubulose, bar-shaped or needle-like, is preferably tubulose.Cobaltosic oxide is cotton-shaped, needle-like or sheet.Carbon nanomaterial, cobaltosic oxide and collector three person form loose structure jointly.Described " original position is compound " refers at collection liquid surface reaction in-situ and generates and while load carbon nanomaterial and cobaltosic oxide, be known for those skilled in the art, adopt the compound structure of original position to make collector and carbon nanomaterial and cobaltosic oxide jointly form the electrode of integrated design.
Further, described carbon nanomaterial is one or more in carbon nano-tube, carbon nanocoils, Graphene, carbon aerogels, acetylene black, active carbon, foamy carbon, ordered mesopore carbon;
Further, described catalyst is nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe and cotton-shaped cobaltosic oxide;
Further, catalyst loadings is 1-10mg (catalyst)/1cm
2(collector);
Further, the volume equivalent diameter of catalyst is 20nm-500nm.
Further, collector is nickel foam.
The present invention discloses a kind of preparation method of nano-carbon material air electrode for lithium air battery, comprises the following steps:
(a) collector preliminary treatment;
(b) catalyst is passed through to original position composite load on described collector.
Be specially the collector of porous is carried out to surface preparation; Then the collector of processing is mixed with the predecessor of Kaolinite Preparation of Catalyst, when in described catalyst prepared by nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe, required presoma is selected from following organic substance: (I) nitrogenous source: urea, pyridine, melamine, imidazoles, ethylenediamine, dimethyl amide or its combination; (II) carbon source: toluene, dimethylbenzene, acetylene, ethane, ethene, ethanol or its combination; Under the condition of setting, make catalyst in-situ deposition or growth on collector afterwards, obtain composite air electrode; Can adopt graphite acr method, laser evaporation method, catalystic pyrolysis, chemical vapour deposition technique, template, hydro thermal method or condensed phase electrolysis method of formation to carry out original position compound; When in described catalyst prepared by cobaltosic oxide, required presoma is the soluble-salt that comprises cobalt ions, comprises nitrate, carbonate, phosphate etc.
The present invention also discloses a kind of lithium-air battery that contains air electrode for lithium air battery.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: deposit on collector thering is the active nitrogen doping tubular nanometer material with carbon element Direct Uniform of good hydrogen reduction (ORR), further on nitrogen doping tubular nanometer material with carbon element, in-situ deposition has the cobaltosic oxide of good OER activity again, and set it as the positive pole of lithium-air battery, and do not need to use any carrier and binding agent, ensureing, under the prerequisite of catalyst content, inert matter content in air electrode to be dropped to minimum.The quality that has comprised all air electrodes, this new catalyst collector composite construction air electrode has obviously been alleviated polarization phenomena when lithium-air battery discharges and recharges.The various technology that material preparation adopts, simple to operate, be applicable to large-scale production.
Brief description of the drawings
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments to further instruction of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is the cobaltosic oxide that obtains of embodiment 4 and the nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe catalyst stereoscan photograph in the online deposition of collector Ni.
Fig. 2 is the XRD analysis collection of illustrative plates of the composite electrode of gained in embodiment 4.
Fig. 3 is the composite electrode charging/discharging voltage comparison diagram of gained in embodiment 1 (left side) and embodiment 4 (right side).
Embodiment
Various raw material of the present invention all can obtain by commercially available; Or prepare according to the conventional method of this area:
Collector
Collector of the present invention can adopt commercially available collector, includes but not limited to: the continuous belt-shape foamed nickel of Liyuan New Material Co Ltd, Changsha, the continuous foam nickel of Heze Tianyu Science & Technology Development Co., Ltd.; Described collector also can be prepared voluntarily by the disclosed method of document, such as Niu Wenjuan etc., the progress of titanium foam and alloy preparation method thereof, " metallurgical industry ", or " energy periodical Journal of Power Sources " 195 (2010) 7438-7444.
Catalyst
For obtaining well behaved air electrode, for the selection principle of nano-carbon material catalyst be: there is easy synthesis technique, become more readily available good pattern, cost is lower, have good compatibility, high duct rate, high-specific surface area and good electron conduction with electrolyte.Preferably, described catalyst is selected from following nano-carbon material or to the nano-carbon material after its doping vario-property and combination thereof: carbon nano-tube, carbon nanocoils, Graphene, carbon aerogels, acetylene black, active carbon, foamy carbon, ordered mesopore carbon (CMK-1, SUN-1, CMK-2, CMK-3, CMK-4, CMK-5, MSU-H, SNU-2, MCF-C, C-41 etc.) etc.Preferably, catalyst is that nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe and original position are compounded in the cobaltosic oxide mixture on nitrogen-doped nanometer pipe.The load capacity of catalyst needs to determine according to battery design.Conventionally, described nano-carbon material catalyst loadings is 1-10mg (catalyst)/1cm
2(collector).(being also the catalyst quality of load on unit are collector).In a preference, catalyst is uniformly distributed in the surface of carrier, and nano-carbon material is tubulose, also can expands to fibrous, bar-shaped or needle-like, and nano-carbon material, cobaltosic oxide and collector three form loose structure jointly.In a preference, the diameter of described nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe is 20nm-500nm.In a preference, described air electrode for lithium air battery, comprises collector, and the catalyst of original position composite load on described collector, does not comprise binding agent.More preferably, by collector and original position composite load, the catalyst on described collector forms described air electrode for lithium air battery.
The present invention also provides a kind of lithium-air battery that contains air electrode for lithium air battery of the present invention.Described lithium-air battery can contain other admissible components, for example negative pole, electrolyte etc.All the other compositions of described lithium-air battery are known.Such as Abraham etc., electrochemical society's periodical " Journal of The Electrochemical Society " 143 (1996) 1-5 and Road etc., electrochemical society's periodical " Journal of The Electrochemical Society " 149 (2002) A1190-A1195 record.
Embodiment 1
1. really take ferrocene 300mg (analyzing pure) and melamine 500mg (analyzing pure), after being mixed, in mortar, be fully ground to and mix.2. to be placed in acetone ultrasonic for foam Ni, with distilled water washing, and then ultrasonic with ethanol, washs with distilled water.2. foam Ni after treatment is placed in objective table, puts into reaction warehouse flat-temperature zone.Temperature-rise period leads to Ar (60cm
3/ min) as protection gas, ethene is as carbon source.Reach after design temperature, will 1. slowly add reaction warehouse, obtain the composite construction anode of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe@foam Ni net.With 2016 button cell shells as battery pack, successively by lithium sheet, Celgard2340, electrode is placed on battery cathode shell, on electrode, drip lithium-air battery organic electrolyte some, to electrode and film complete wetting, rear electrodes anode cover (anode cover surface through hole, to transmit oxygen).On button cell sealing machine, by said modules and consolidation, complete battery assembling.Adopt Arbin-BT2000 type to discharge and recharge instrument battery is carried out to performance evaluation, result shows to adopt the composite construction anode of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe@foam Ni net, and battery charging and discharging platform is respectively 4.3V and 2.7V.
Embodiment 2
1. really take ferrocene 300mg (analyzing pure) and melamine 500mg (analyzing pure), after being mixed, in mortar, be fully ground to and mix.2. to be placed in acetone ultrasonic for foam Ni, with distilled water washing, and then ultrasonic with ethanol, washs with distilled water.2. foam Ni after treatment is placed in objective table, puts into reaction warehouse flat-temperature zone.Temperature-rise period leads to Ar (60cm
3/ min) as protection gas, ethene is as carbon source.Reach after design temperature, will 1. slowly add reaction warehouse, obtain the composite construction of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe@foam Ni net.3. 2g cobalt nitrate and 2g sodium nitrate are put into and the deionized water of 100ml is housed and the blend solution of ethanol 1: 1 (volume ratio) stirs as electroplate liquid, 2. middle gained composite construction is work electrode, platinum plate electrode is to electrode, saturated calomel electrode is reference electrode, galvanostatic deposition method is carried out electrochemical deposition (size of current is 16mA, and sedimentation time is 1800S).4. above-mentioned gained composite construction 100 degree under inert atmosphere are annealed 2 hours, obtain cobaltosic oxide original position and be compounded in the composite construction that nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe@foam Ni nets.With 2016 button cell shells as battery pack, successively by lithium sheet, Celgard2340, electrode is placed on battery cathode shell, on electrode, drip lithium-air battery organic electrolyte some, to electrode and film complete wetting, rear electrodes anode cover (anode cover surface through hole, to transmit oxygen).On button cell sealing machine, by said modules and consolidation, complete battery assembling.Adopt Arbin-BT2000 type to discharge and recharge instrument battery is carried out to performance evaluation, result shows to adopt cobaltosic oxide original position to be compounded in the composite construction anode of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe@foam Ni net, and 1. the required charging platform voltage of this composite construction electrode obviously decrease compared with embodiment.
Embodiment 3
1. really take ferrocene 300mg (analyzing pure) and melamine 500mg (analyzing pure), after being mixed, in mortar, be fully ground to and mix.2. to be placed in acetone ultrasonic for foam Ni, with distilled water washing, and then ultrasonic with ethanol, washs with distilled water.2. foam Ni after treatment is placed in objective table, puts into reaction warehouse flat-temperature zone.Temperature-rise period leads to Ar (60cm
3/ min) as protection gas, ethene is as carbon source.Reach after design temperature, will 1. slowly add reaction warehouse, obtain the composite construction of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe@foam Ni net.3. 2g cobalt nitrate and 2g sodium nitrate are put into and the deionized water of 100ml is housed and the blend solution of ethanol 1: 1 (volume ratio) stirs as electroplate liquid, 2. middle gained composite construction is work electrode, platinum plate electrode is to electrode, saturated calomel electrode is reference electrode, galvanostatic deposition method is carried out electrochemical deposition (size of current is 8mA, and sedimentation time is 1800S).4. above-mentioned gained composite construction 100 degree under inert atmosphere are annealed 2 hours, obtain cobaltosic oxide original position and be compounded in the composite construction that nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe@foam Ni nets.With 2016 button cell shells as battery pack, successively by lithium sheet, Celgard2340, electrode is placed on battery cathode shell, on electrode, drip lithium-air battery organic electrolyte some, to electrode and film complete wetting, rear electrodes anode cover (anode cover surface through hole, to transmit oxygen).On button cell sealing machine, by said modules and consolidation, complete battery assembling.Adopt Arbin-BT2000 type to discharge and recharge instrument battery is carried out to performance evaluation, result shows to adopt cobaltosic oxide original position to be compounded in the composite construction anode of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe@foam Ni net, and 1. the required charging platform voltage of this composite construction electrode obviously decrease compared with embodiment.
Embodiment 4
1. really take ferrocene 300mg (analyzing pure) and melamine 500mg (analyzing pure), after being mixed, in mortar, be fully ground to and mix.2. to be placed in acetone ultrasonic for foam Ni, with distilled water washing, and then ultrasonic with ethanol, washs with distilled water.2. foam Ni after treatment is placed in objective table, puts into reaction warehouse flat-temperature zone.Temperature-rise period leads to Ar (60cm
3/ min) as protection gas, ethene is as carbon source.Reach after design temperature, will 1. slowly add reaction warehouse, obtain the composite construction of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe@foam Ni net.3. 2g cobalt nitrate and 2g sodium nitrate are put into and the deionized water of 100ml is housed and the blend solution of ethanol 1: 1 (volume ratio) stirs as electroplate liquid, 2. middle gained composite construction is work electrode, platinum plate electrode is to electrode, saturated calomel electrode is reference electrode, galvanostatic deposition method is carried out electrochemical deposition (size of current is 4mA, and sedimentation time is 1800S).4. above-mentioned gained composite construction 100 degree under inert atmosphere are annealed 2 hours, obtain cobaltosic oxide original position and be compounded in the composite construction that nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe@foam Ni nets.With 2016 button cell shells as battery pack, successively by lithium sheet, Celgard2340, electrode is placed on battery cathode shell, on electrode, drip lithium-air battery organic electrolyte some, to electrode and film complete wetting, rear electrodes anode cover (anode cover surface through hole, to transmit oxygen).On button cell sealing machine, by said modules and consolidation, complete battery assembling.Adopt Arbin-BT2000 type to discharge and recharge instrument battery is carried out to performance evaluation, result shows to adopt cobaltosic oxide original position to be compounded in the composite construction anode of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe@foam Ni net, and 1. the required charging platform voltage of this composite construction electrode obviously decrease compared with embodiment.
Experimental technique in above-described embodiment, conventionally according to normal condition, or the condition of advising according to manufacturer.Unless otherwise indicated, otherwise all umbers are weight portion, and all percentages are weight percentage, and described polymer molecular weight is number-average molecular weight.
Finally explanation is, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although the present invention is had been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can modify or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention, and not departing from aim and the scope of technical solution of the present invention, it all should be encompassed in the middle of claim scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. an air electrode for lithium air battery, is characterized in that: on collector, original position composite load has the catalyst of air electrode, and described catalyst is nano-carbon material or the original position compound to the nano-carbon material after its doping vario-property and a kind of metal oxide.
2. air electrode for lithium air battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described nano-carbon material is one or more in carbon nano-tube, carbon nanocoils, Graphene, carbon aerogels, acetylene black, active carbon, foamy carbon, ordered mesopore carbon, metal oxide is cobaltosic oxide, one or more in nickel oxide.
3. air electrode for lithium air battery according to claim 2, is characterized in that: described catalyst is the original position compound of nitrogen-doped carbon nanometer pipe and cobaltosic oxide.
4. air electrode for lithium air battery according to claim 3, is characterized in that: catalyst loadings is 1-10mg (catalyst)/1cm
2(collector).
5. nano-carbon material air electrode for lithium air battery according to claim 4, is characterized in that: the volume equivalent diameter of described catalyst is 20nm-500nm.
6. a preparation method for air electrode for lithium air battery, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(a) collector preliminary treatment;
(b) nano-carbon material is passed through to original position composite load on described collector;
(c) original position cobaltosic oxide being completed in (b) by original position composite load is compounded with on the collector of nano-carbon material.
7. a lithium-air battery that contains air electrode for lithium air battery as claimed in claim 1.
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