CN102942754B - 高硬度聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents
高硬度聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种高硬度聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材及其制备方法，属于聚氯乙烯板材技术领域。所述的高硬度聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材，由如下重量份数的原料制成，且原料总重量份数为100份：聚氯乙烯树脂粉60～80；稳定剂2～5；发泡调节剂5～15；抗冲改性剂2～10；填料5～25；润滑剂1～4；发泡剂1～3；补强剂1～20；塑化促进剂1～5；颜料0～0.1。本发明提供的高硬度聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材，具有硬度高、密度低、防水、防潮、阻燃的特点，其表面可印刷、覆膜、可广泛应用于广告制作行业，其制备方法简单易行，易于实施。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高硬度聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材及其制备方法，属于聚氯乙烯板材技术领域。
背景技术
改革开放以来，中国的经济社会发展突飞猛进，经济总量已跃居世界第二位，各行各业的发展壮大是必然的，其中广告业的发展速度亦是其中一亮点，广告图画、各种标志牌的制作，亦选用了许多新型材料，由原来的铝板、铁板、木板逐渐向塑料板方向发展，聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材是在该背景下的新型材料，该板材性价比优越，且能回收再加工。自由发泡法板材与结皮发泡法、共挤发泡法相比，密度相对较低，并且更容易做薄板，应用范围更广。
现有技术中的聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材常常因为硬度不佳，使用过程中容易变形且表面易被划伤，影响了使用寿命。一般情况下，随着板材硬度的增加，密度也会相应增大。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种高硬度聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材，具有硬度高、密度低、防水、防潮、阻燃的特点；本发明同时提供了其制备方法。
本发明所述的高硬度聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材，其特征在于由如下重量份数的原料制成，且原料总重量份数为100份：
所述的聚氯乙烯树脂粉的聚合度为600～1050，优选600～800。
所述的稳定剂为复合铅稳定剂、钙锌稳定剂或有机锡稳定剂。
所述的发泡调节剂为ACR加工改性剂。
所述的抗冲改性剂为氯化聚乙烯、丙烯酸烷基酯抗冲改性剂或乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯聚合物。
所述的填料为碳酸钙或滑石粉。
所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸醇化合物、硬脂酸酰胺类、脂肪酸金属皂类、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡或氧化聚乙烯。
所述的发泡剂由黄发泡剂和白发泡剂组成，黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的质量比为1:1～1:4，黄发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁晴、亚硝基类发泡剂或酰肼类发泡剂；白发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵或叠氮化合物。
所述的补强剂为改性超细二氧化硅或改性纳米碳酸钙。改性超细二氧化硅为气相法生产，且采用钛酸酯偶联剂或铝酸酯偶联剂按照常规工艺进行表面处理，粒度2500目，纳米碳酸钙粒度介于0.01~0.1μm之间，并且采用钛酸酯偶联剂或铝酸酯偶联剂按照常规工艺进行表面处理。
所述的塑化促进剂为耐热型AS树脂，为丙烯腈、α-甲基苯乙烯、苯乙烯的共聚物，其中丙烯腈、α-甲基苯乙烯、苯乙烯的质量比为45:15:40。
所述的颜料为钛白粉、群青、酞青蓝、铁红、铁黄、大红或炭黑。
所述的高硬度聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材的制备方法，是将配方量的原料采用锥形双螺杆挤出机和三辊加工设备进行加工，螺杆转速10～25转/分，加工温度130～190℃，螺杆油温70～120℃，模具温度150～180℃，模唇温度130～180℃，采用三辊上光冷却并消除张力，定宽、定长后经自动计米器控制切割制成。
本发明的有益效果如下：
本发明提供的高硬度聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材，具有硬度高、密度低、防水、防潮、阻燃的特点，其表面可印刷、覆膜、可广泛应用于广告制作行业，其制备方法简单易行，易于实施。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明做进一步描述。
实施例1
将60重量份聚合度为700的聚氯乙烯树脂粉，2重量份的复合铅稳定剂，8重量份的ACR加工改性剂，5重量份的氯化聚乙烯，17重量份的轻质碳酸钙，1重量份的聚乙烯蜡，0.5重量份的偶氮二甲酰胺，0.5重量份的碳酸氢钠，5重量份的改性超细二氧化硅，1重量份的耐热型AS树脂。
制备方法如下：
将配方量的发泡聚氯乙烯材料采用锥形双螺杆和三辊加工设备进行加工，经热冷进入80/156的锥形双螺杆挤出机，控制螺杆转速17转/分，螺筒加热温度分别为180℃、175℃、170℃、160℃，螺杆油温95℃，模具温度170℃，模唇温度140℃，经自由发泡后成型为3mm的板材，密度为560kg/m3，板材表面平均硬度为59（邵氏硬度）。
实施例2
将65重量份聚合度为1000的聚氯乙烯树脂粉，3重量份的复合铅稳定剂，5重量份的ACR加工改性剂，2重量份的氯化聚乙烯，5重量份的轻质碳酸钙，4重量份的聚乙烯蜡，0.5重量份的偶氮二甲酰胺，1.5重量份的碳酸氢钠，10重量份的改性超细二氧化硅，3.9重量份的耐热型AS树脂，0.1重量份的钛白粉。
制备方法如实施例1，所的板材密度570kg/m3，板材表面平均硬度为60（邵氏硬度）。
实施例3
将70重量份聚合度为1000的聚氯乙烯树脂粉，2重量份的复合铅稳定剂，6重量份的ACR加工改性剂，6重量份的氯化聚乙烯，10重量份的轻质碳酸钙，2重量份的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯聚合物，0.5重量份的偶氮二甲酰胺，0.5重量份的碳酸氢钠，1重量份的纳米碳酸钙，1.9重量份的耐热型AS树脂，0.1重量份的铁红。
制备方法如实施例1，所的板材密度为550kg/m3，板材表面平均硬度为58（邵氏硬度）。
实施例4
将75重量份聚合度为700的聚氯乙烯树脂粉，2重量份的钙锌稳定剂，5重量份的ACR加工改性剂，7重量份的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯聚合物，5重量份的滑石粉，1重量份的聚乙烯蜡，0.5重量份的偶氮二甲酰胺，0.5重量份的碳酸氢钠，3重量份的纳米碳酸钙，1重量份的耐热型AS树脂。
制备方法如实施例1，所的板材密度为530kg/m3，板材表面平均硬度为57（邵氏硬度）。
对比例1
将63重量份聚合度为700的聚氯乙烯树脂粉，2重量份的复合铅稳定剂，8重量份的ACR加工改性剂，5重量份的氯化聚乙烯，20重量份的轻质碳酸钙，1重量份的聚乙烯蜡，0.5重量份的偶氮二甲酰胺，0.5重量份的碳酸氢钠。
制备方法如实施例1，所的板材密度为550kg/m3，板材表面平均硬度为47（邵氏硬度）。
对比例2
将68.9重量份聚合度为1000的聚氯乙烯树脂粉，3重量份的复合铅稳定剂，5重量份的ACR加工改性剂，2重量份的氯化聚乙烯，15重量份的轻质碳酸钙，4重量份的聚乙烯蜡，0.5重量份的偶氮二甲酰胺，1.5重量份的碳酸氢钠，0.1重量份的钛白粉。
制备方法如实施例1，所的板材密度570kg/m3，板材表面平均硬度为48（邵氏硬度）。
由以上对比例1-2和实施例1-4可以看出，添加了补强剂和塑化促进剂在密度变换不大的情况下，板材的硬度有较大的提高。
实施例中所述的补强剂采用钛酸酯偶联剂按照常规工艺进行表面处理。
Claims (8)
1.一种高硬度聚氯乙烯自由发泡板材，其特征在于由如下重量份数的原料制成，且原料总重量份数为100份：
聚氯乙烯树脂粉 60～80
稳定剂 2～5
发泡调节剂 5～15
抗冲改性剂 2～10
填料 5～25
润滑剂 1～4
发泡剂 1～3
补强剂 1～20
塑化促进剂 1～5
颜料 0～0.1；
所述的补强剂为改性超细二氧化硅或纳米碳酸钙；改性超细二氧化硅为气相法生产，且采用钛酸酯偶联剂或铝酸酯偶联剂进行表面处理，粒度2500目；纳米碳酸钙粒度为0.01～0.1μm，且采用钛酸酯偶联剂或铝酸酯偶联剂进行表面处理；
所述的塑化促进剂为耐热型AS树脂，为丙烯腈、α-甲基苯乙烯、苯乙烯的共聚物，其中丙烯腈、α-甲基苯乙烯、苯乙烯的质量比为45:15:40。
2.根据权利要求1所述的板材，其特征在于所述的聚氯乙烯树脂粉的聚合度为600～1050。
3.根据权利要求1所述的板材，其特征在于所述的稳定剂为复合铅稳定剂、钙锌稳定剂或有机锡稳定剂。
4.根据权利要求1所述的板材，其特征在于所述的发泡调节剂为ACR加工改性剂。
5.根据权利要求1所述的板材，其特征在于所述的抗冲改性剂为氯化聚乙烯、丙烯酸烷基酯抗冲改性剂或乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯聚合物。
6.根据权利要求1所述的板材，其特征在于所述的填料为碳酸钙或滑石粉；所述的润滑剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸酯、硬脂酸酰胺类、脂肪酸金属皂类、聚乙烯蜡、石蜡或氧化聚乙烯；所述的发泡剂由黄发泡剂和白发泡剂组成，黄发泡剂和白发泡剂的质量比为1:1～1:4，黄发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺、偶氮二异丁晴、亚硝基类发泡剂或酰肼类发泡剂；白发泡剂为碳酸氢钠、碳酸氢铵、碳酸铵或叠氮化合物。
7.根据权利要求1所述的板材，其特征在于所述的颜料为钛白粉、群青、酞青蓝、铁红、铁黄、大红或炭黑。
8.一种权利要求1～7任一所述的板材的制备方法，其特征在于：将配方量的原料采用锥形双螺杆挤出机和三辊加工设备进行加工，螺杆转速10～25转/分，加工温度130～190℃，螺杆油温70～120℃，模具温度150～180℃，模唇温度130～180℃，采用三辊上光冷却并消除张力，定宽、定长后经自动计米器控制切割制成。
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