CN102934603B - Asexual rapid propagation method of tea trees and root taking culture solution - Google Patents
Asexual rapid propagation method of tea trees and root taking culture solution Download PDFInfo
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- CN102934603B CN102934603B CN201210424394.4A CN201210424394A CN102934603B CN 102934603 B CN102934603 B CN 102934603B CN 201210424394 A CN201210424394 A CN 201210424394A CN 102934603 B CN102934603 B CN 102934603B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an asexual rapid propagation method which includes selecting and clipping cut spikes, immersing the cut spikes through hormone culture solution and root taking culture solution, temporary planting the cut spikes in nutrient soil for culture, finally conducting hardening-seedling on the cut spikes to obtain tea seedlings capable of being transplanted. The root taking culture solution is composed of various macroelements and microelements. Rooting rate of the cut spikes immersed by the culture solution reaches high to over 85%. The quick propagation method is short in seedling raising period, high in survival rate, capable of being used for repeated production and suitable for large-scale production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crop cultivating technology, specifically the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree and the culture of rootage liquid for method.
Background technology
The white tea in Mount Huang (Camellia sinensis L.) is the mutation in the tealeaves colony of Mount Huang, is at present in Shexian County, Huangshan, Anhui Province and extensively a kind of tea strain of plantation of periphery.At present, tea tree vegetative propagation adopts the short fringe cubsoil of tea tree cuttage (or without cubsoil single node cutting) technology conventionally, and the production cycle is at least more than 1 year, and the cycle is long, and the impact of the survival rate climate of cuttage seeding is larger, and whole ground, nursery, to manage and protect cost high, time-consuming.Meanwhile, in whole ground, nursery process, need dig and use soil disinfection medicament, serious to earth's surface vegetation deterioration in production process, easily cause water and soil loss and environmental pollution.
How to overcome the impact of natural conditions on cottage propagation, artificial regulatory rearing condition, improves survival rate, shorten the production cycle, and being convenient to carry out batch production and producing, meet rapidly the demand reality of the annual several hundred million strain tea shoots of China, is practical problem in the urgent need to address in current production practices.
Summary of the invention
The weak point that the present invention exists for fear of prior art, provides the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree and the culture of rootage liquid for method, and the method seedling raise period shortens, and rooting rate is up to more than 85%, and suitable batch production is produced.
Technical solution problem of the present invention adopts following scheme:
The asexual fast numerous culture of rootage liquid of a kind of tea tree, is characterized in that, in every liter of culture fluid, contains NH
4nO
3825mg, KNO
3950mg, CaCl
22H
2o 220mg, KH
2pO
485mg, MgSO
47H
2o 185mg, MnSO
44H
2o 22.3mg, ZnSO
44H
2o 8.6mg, H
3bO
36.2mg, KI 0.83mg, Na
2moO
42H2O 0.25mg, CuSO
45H
2o0.025mg, CoCl
26H
2o 0.025mg, Na
2eDTA 37.25mg, FeSO
47H
2o 27.85mg, Al
2(SO
4)
310.8mg, solvent is water, described medium pH value is 5.0-5.5.
The asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree, comprises selection and the clip of cuttings, and its feature is, also comprises the steps:
(1) the cuttings root after clip is immersed in containing somatotropin and Cobastab
1soak 12-24h in fringe solution; It is described that to soak NAA concentration in fringe solution be 100mgL
-1, thiamine hydrochloride concentration is 0.4mgL
-1;
(2) cuttings through step (1) immersion treatment is immersed its root in culture fluid and cultivated, cultivation temperature is 20-25 DEG C, within every 15-20 days, change a culture fluid, when the callus of cuttings base portion connects into ring-type, graininess, and while forming 5 above fibrous roots, turn seedling and cultivate; Described culture fluid is culture of rootage liquid claimed in claim 1;
(3) step (2) water planting is taken root cuttings cuttage is cultivated to Nutrition Soil, uses sunshade net and film to cover after cultivation;
(4) in Nutrition Soil, cultivate after 3-4 month, be chosen in and overcast and rainyly directly take covered sunshade net off and film carries out hardening; The hardening phase is 1 month;
(5) cuttage seeding obtaining after hardening just can be transplanted, and before transplanting, cuttage seeding is pruned, and stays high 18-20cm, and balled transplanting.
Nutrition Soil in described step (3) carries out proportioning by perlite, turfy soil according to volume ratio 1:2 and obtains.
In described step (3), between Nutrition Soil culture period, in first 2 weeks, every 2-3 days waters once; In 3-4 week, every 4-5 days waters once.
During the Nutrition Soil cultivation of described step (3), apply fertilizer, described fertilising refers to the urea that adopts mass fraction 0.3%, 0.3%KH
2pO
4carry out foliage-spray, every 7-10 days sprays 1 time; About 2 months, in the time that cuttings forms netted root system, adopt mass fraction 1% urea to drench filling, consumption is 15-20kg/667m
2.
What described cuttings was selected is the branch with 2 leaf buds of life in 1 year, described branch be young sprout harden gradually and newly stem more than 1/3 become the branch that bronzing, stem are lignification or semi-lignified.
Described hardening selection of time was carried out in April or November.
Described tea tree is the white tea kind in Mount Huang.
Compared with the prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
The present invention is compared with the conventional short fringe cubsoil of tea tree cuttage (or without cubsoil single node cutting), its tea shoot of its production cycle goes out the garden time, and only for 6-7, within individual month, (the conventional short fringe cubsoil of tea tree cuttage is at least 1 year, rooting rate and survival rate are all lower than 80%), seedling raise period shortens half, and rooting rate is up to more than 85%, survival rate is more than 80%, and suitable batch production is produced.
2, cultivation method of the present invention has the following advantages: one, culture of rootage adopts suspension culture mode, and its condition of culture is easy to regulate, and has avoided the natural conditions that winter-spring season low temperature, summer high temperature etc. in the cuttage of land for growing field crops is unfavorable for cuttings cuttage root-taking; The 2nd, can shorten nursery and manage and protect time 5-6 month, every mu of nursery is at least saved and is managed and protected expense 400-500 unit; The 3rd, water planting is taken root transplantation of seedlings nursery without spreading subsoil, can reduce water and soil loss and protection of the environment, and saves the expense 1000-1500 unit of every mu of spreading subsoil; The 4th, can carry out anniversary duplication of production, the demand of more than one hundred million strain tea shoots, has stronger realistic meaning when meeting the newly-built and old tea place transformation in the annual tens thousand of mu of tea places of China.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1, Fig. 2: albefaction sprouting and young sprout figure that the white tea in Mount Huang is sprouted;
Fig. 3: the white tea cuttings in Mount Huang is root growth figure when water planting 25 days in nutrient solution;
Fig. 4, Fig. 5: the white tea cuttings in Mount Huang is the water planting water planting root growth figure of 40 days in nutrient solution.
By embodiment, technical solution of the present invention is described further below.
Embodiment
1, configuration cuttage root-taking culture fluid
Cuttage root-taking culture fluid is specifically filled a prescription: in every liter of culture fluid, contain NH
4nO
3(825mgL
-1), KNO
3(950mgL
-1), CaCl
22H
2o(220mgL
-1), KH
2pO
4(85mgL
-1), MgSO
47H
2o(185mgL
-1), MnSO
44H
2o(22.3mgL
-1), ZnSO
44H
2o(8.6mgL
-1), H
3bO
3(6.2mgL
-1), KI(0.83mgL
-1), Na
2moO
42H2O(0.25mgL
-1), CuSO
45H
2o(0.025mgL
-1), CoCl
26H
2o(0.025mgL
-1), Na
2eDTA (37.25mgL
-1), FeSO
47H
2o (27.85mgL
-1), Al
2(SO
4)
3(10.8mgL
-1).
2, configuration somatotropin soaks fringe solution
First dissolve α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) with a small amount of mass concentration 95% alcohol, then to be settled to concentration with distilled water be 1mgL
-1, in 4 DEG C of refrigerators, store in order to using.Cuttings is soaked before root, according to NAA 100mgL
-1somatotropin concentration, adds 0.4mgL
-1thiamine hydrochloride (Cobastab
1), configure and soak fringe solution for standby with pure water.
3, cuttings somatotropin soaks fringe processing
Get the cystosepiment that thickness is 0.5-1cm, with aperture 0.5cm, spacing 1.5cm punches in the above.Clip 2 leaf cuttings, will insert in foam plate hole with the cuttings of batch clip, by cystosepiment cuttings root down, swim in containing somatotropin and Cobastab soak fringe solution in 12-24h.
4, cuttage rooting processing
Packing mill water culture nutrient solution in each water culture pond, keeps the degree of depth of culture fluid in pond to be no less than 3cm.Take out through somatotropin is after treatment and be inserted with white tea cuttings cystosepiment, under room temperature (being not less than 20 DEG C), put into culture fluid and cultivate, every 15-20d changes a culture fluid, after 30-40 days, can take root, its rooting rate can reach more than 85%, and average every short fringe quantity of taking root is 5-8 bar.When the callus of observation cuttings base portion connects into ring-type, graininess, can turn seedling and cultivate.
5, configuration Nutrition Soil
Perlite, turfy soil are carried out to proportioning according to the ratio of volume 1:2, the KMnO that is 1:1000 with mass ratio
4solution is sterilized to compost, Nutrition Soil is piled in heaps, covers plastic foil, places and re-uses for 24 hours later.
6, turn seedling
Nutrition Soil after sterilization is divided and is installed in nutritive cube (can use plastics or paper material), every alms bowl be filled to 4 points full, require tightly not loosely, centre is convex.The water planting cuttings of taking root is contacted with Nutrition Soil gently, and the attached soil in rotation limit, limit, after the subsidiary Nutrition Soil of cuttings root, mention cuttings top, allow root system naturally unfold, be placed in nutritive cube, add Nutrition Soil until fill nutritive cube, then water normal root water one time, water will irrigate.
In this process, should according to circumstances add in time Nutrition Soil, avoid root system to be wound around simultaneously, in order to avoid affect cuttings growth.When nutritive cube is placed, require cuttings direction blade consistent, and will avoid blade mutually to hide.For preventing high temperature or low temperature, the cuttings turning after seedling will be carried out sunshade net and film covering.
Turn after seedling in 2 weeks, every 2-3 days waters once; In 3-4 week, every 4-5 days waters once; After 1 month, take the circumstances into consideration to water.Water too much unsuitable, soil layer surface is slightly moistening.
7, fertilising
Turn seedling after 7 days, can adopt 0.3% urea, 0.3%KH
2pO
4carry out foliage-spray, every 7-10 days sprays 1 time.About 2 months, in the time that cuttings forms netted root system substantially, can adopt 1% urea to drench filling, consumption is 15-20kg/667m
2.
8, the extermination of disease and insect pest
Seedling stage, Major Pests had tea aphid, and Major Diseases has anthracnose, red leaf spot and root rot.Insect pest can adopt matches pellet, Uranus control, and disease can adopt the medical treatment such as jinggangmeisu, carbendazim, carries out in conjunction with measures such as ventilation, increase illumination and wet downs simultaneously.Meanwhile, note removing in time weeds.
9, hardening
Through the cultivation of about 3-4 month, cuttings can form good netted root system.The tea shoot of water planting is suitablely practiced seedling after April or November.Practice seedling and be chosen in overcast and rainy carrying out, can directly take sunshade net and the plastic foil on top, solarium off.Practice between seedling stage and need to keep the skin wet in time.Practice seedling and approximately need 1 month.
10, transplant or sell cuttage seeding
Before transplanting, prune cuttage seeding, stay high 18-20cm, and ensure tea shoot energy balled transplanting.If vanning is sold, answer layering to be placed in special plastic dress seedling case, in order to avoid nursery stock extruding is impaired.
Claims (8)
1. the asexual fast numerous culture of rootage liquid of tea tree, is characterized in that, in every liter of culture fluid, contains
NH
4nO
3825mg, KNO
3950mg, CaCl
22H
2o220mg, KH
2pO
485mg, MgSO
47H
2o185mg, MnSO
44H
2o22.3mg, ZnSO
44H
2o8.6mg, H
3bO
36.2mg, KI0.83mg, Na
2moO
42H
2o0.25mg, CuSO
45H
2o0.025mg, CoCl
26H
2o0.025mg, Na
2eDTA37.25mg, FeSO
47H
2o27.85mg, Al
2(SO
4)
310.8mg, solvent is water, described medium pH value is 5.0-5.5.
2. the asexual quick-breeding method of tea tree, comprises and it is characterized in that selection and the clip of cuttings, also comprises the steps:
(1) the cuttings root after clip is immersed in containing somatotropin and Cobastab
1soak 12-24h in fringe solution; It is described that to soak NAA concentration in fringe solution be 100mgL
-1, Cobastab
1concentration is 0.4mgL
-1;
(2) cuttings through step (1) immersion treatment is immersed its root in culture fluid and cultivated, cultivation temperature is 20-25 DEG C, within every 15-20 days, changes a culture fluid, when the callus of cuttings base portion connects into ring-type, graininess, and while forming 5 above fibrous roots, turn seedling and cultivate; Described culture fluid is culture of rootage liquid claimed in claim 1;
(3) step (2) water planting is taken root cuttings cuttage is cultivated to Nutrition Soil, uses sunshade net and film to cover after cultivation;
(4) in Nutrition Soil, cultivate after 3-4 month, be chosen in and overcast and rainyly directly take covered sunshade net off and film carries out hardening; The hardening phase is 1 month;
(5) cuttage seeding obtaining after hardening just can be transplanted, and before transplanting, cuttage seeding is pruned, and stays high 18-20cm, and balled transplanting.
3. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree according to claim 2, is characterized in that, the Nutrition Soil in described step (3) carries out proportioning by perlite, turfy soil according to volume ratio 1:2 and obtains.
4. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in described step (3), between Nutrition Soil culture period, in first 2 weeks, every 2-3 days waters once; In 3-4 week, every 4-5 days waters once.
5. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree according to claim 2, is characterized in that, during the Nutrition Soil cultivation of described step (3), applies fertilizer, and described fertilising refers to the urea that adopts mass fraction 0.3%, 0.3%KH
2pO
4carry out foliage-spray, every 7-l0 days sprays 1 time; About 2 months, in the time that cuttings forms netted root system, adopt mass fraction 1% urea to drench filling, consumption is 15-20kg/667m
2.
6. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, what described cuttings was selected is the branch with 2 leaf buds of life in 1 year, described branch be young sprout harden gradually and newly stem more than 1/3 become the branch that bronzing, stem are lignification or semi-lignified.
7. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described hardening selection of time was carried out in April or November.
8. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree according to claim 2, is characterized in that, tea tree is the white tea kind in Mount Huang.
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| CN103460926A (en) * | 2013-08-27 | 2013-12-25 | 余庆县玉龙茶业有限公司 | Cultivation method of tea varieties |
| CN103518601B (en) * | 2013-10-17 | 2015-12-23 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | A kind of method being applicable to tea tree fringe bar incubator and cultivating |
| CN104429435B (en) * | 2013-11-25 | 2017-01-04 | 鹿寨县大乐岭茶业有限公司 | The breeding method of tea seedling |
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| CN106613685A (en) * | 2016-12-16 | 2017-05-10 | 唐登明 | Nutrient solution seedling culture method for quercus virginiana |
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| CN109247147A (en) * | 2018-11-14 | 2019-01-22 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of method that tea tree rapid cuttage is taken root |
| CN111165353A (en) * | 2020-01-15 | 2020-05-19 | 安徽省金寨县金龙玉珠茶业有限公司 | Tissue culture method for clonal tea seedlings |
| CN114158366A (en) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-03-11 | 内蒙古蒙草生态环境（集团）股份有限公司 | Method for cutting propagation of chenopodium camellinum |
| CN114532198B (en) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-03-28 | 贵州大学 | Water culture cutting rooting method for tea tree vegetative propagation |
| CN114391382A (en) * | 2022-01-27 | 2022-04-26 | 贵州省农业科学院 | Hormone-induced rapid tea tree cutting rooting method |
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