CN102893479A - 开关装置 - Google Patents

开关装置 Download PDF

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CN102893479A
CN102893479A CN2011800232770A CN201180023277A CN102893479A CN 102893479 A CN102893479 A CN 102893479A CN 2011800232770 A CN2011800232770 A CN 2011800232770A CN 201180023277 A CN201180023277 A CN 201180023277A CN 102893479 A CN102893479 A CN 102893479A
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R.梅尔
S.尼尔博克
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/26—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种相位切换开关，所述相位切换开关选出三相供电网的最小负载的相以便传输给单相接口。

Description

开关装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种开关装置，用于在三相的供电网和单相的接口（例如插座）之间的中间切换。
背景技术
在不久的将来将要经常在低压电网中给电动车辆的能量存储器充电。由于在短时间内必须存储在车辆中的大量的能量，充电设备预计有非常高的连接功率。低压电网的负载由此与目前相比会非常剧烈地增长。
电网负载的一种量度（Maβ）是在电网阻抗上的电压降，该电网阻抗在充电设备的输入端上带来了与空载电压相比降低了的电压。对于电网的例如由单相充电设备所引起的不对称负载，由于不同的电压降使得供电网络的三相的连接电压也是不对称的。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是，提供一种开关装置，其减少上面所给出的问题。特别地，该开关装置可以降低供电网络的负载。特别应当在具有单相充电设备的电动车辆的充电过程中，实现在轻微不对称的负载的意义下的降低了的负载。
所述技术问题通过具有权利要求1所述的特征的开关装置来解决。从属权利要求涉及本发明的优选构造。
按照本发明的开关装置包含：
-用于与供电网络三相连接的部件，
-用于与导线连接以便单相地传输电压的部件，
-用于确定三相中至少一相的相电压的部件，以及
-开关部件，用于与导线连接以便对三相中的一相的电压进行单相地传输。
对于本发明公知的是，单相的充电设备特别在电动车辆的应用中在这些车辆广泛使用时可能引起供电网的显著的不对称负载。按照本发明的开关装置合适地设置在例如插座的接口和三相供电网之间。其对供电网的三相中至少一相的相电压进行确定。如果对所有三相的电压进行确定，这是合适的。此外合适的是，对三相电压的最高电压进行确定。具有最高电压的相是最小负载的相。优选地，借助开关部件将所确定的具有最高电压的相与导线相连接以便单相地传输电压。简而言之，例如将具有最高电压的相传输给插座。
在此优选的是，在例如电动车辆（但是也包括在其他的能量存储器中，例如私用的室内的蓄电池）的充电过程中在充电设备或者能量存储器和开关设备之间的通信是可能的。为此，开关装置优选具有通信装置，以便与连接在单线传输电压的导线上的设备进行通信。该通信装置被构造为，通过开关部件响应设备的信号而不进行切换。换言之，通过所连接的设备（例如能量存储器或者充电设备）之间的通信可以确保，在充电过程中开关装置不进行所传输的相的切换。由此可以优选地对在运行中相的切换是无害的耗电器与不应当在运行中进行相的切换的耗电器进行区分。
如果在所连接的设备中不存在相应的通信装置或者出于其他的原因不存在所描述的通信或者控制的可能性，则优选的是，开关装置具有用于测量在用于单相传输电压的导线中的电流的部件。其可以例如被构造为电流传感器。由此开关装置可以不依赖于设备地确定是否从用于单相传输电压的导线中获得当前的功率。开关装置于是可以在这些时间时期自动地并且不被外界影响地避免相的切换。
此外还给出了一种耗电器，特别是一种用于给存储器充上电能的充电设备，其具有，
-用于与供电网单相连接的部件，以及
-通信装置，用于与开关装置进行通信。通信装置被构造为将信号发送给开关装置，所述信号可以由开关装置这样进行解释，使得开关装置在供电网的不同相之间禁止切换或者可以进行切换。
开关装置既可以被构造为用于电流测量，也可以具有通信装置。换言之，可以组合这两种所描述的可能性。
附图说明
现在依据唯一的附图进一步阐述本发明的优选的但是绝不是限制性的实施例。在此示意性地示出了特征。图1示出了在单相充电设备和供电网之间的开关装置。
具体实施方式
供电网络包含三条相线1、一条中性导线2和一条地线3。用于电动车辆的充电设备5连接在（未示出的）插座上并且由此间接地与供电网相连接。充电设备5对车辆电池6充电。
在此，中性导线2和地线3直接与插座相连接并且由此也与充电设备5相连接。但是在供电网的相线1和插座的单独相线9之间设置了开关装置，后者具有测量及控制装置4、开关7和电流传感器8。
在该实施例中的出发点是，在充电设备5和测量及控制装置4之间不存在通信的可能性。因此测量及控制装置4使用电流传感器8，以便确定出充电设备5或者其他的连接设备是否在工作并且带来电流。另外，将电流或其中间值或有效值与阈值相比较。该阈值是可以确定的。其可以例如这样被确定，使得其可以在用于电动车辆的充电设备（或类似的在单相导线的功率上限处的设备）与其他的具有小功率的耗电器之间进行区分。其也可以这样设置，使得未超出阈值的情况事实上不产生电流，换言之，只有当就像没有功率产生一样的时，才低于该阈值。
如果电流低于可确定的阈值，则测量及控制装置4确定具有最高电压的相线1。在此，合适地考虑中间值或者有效值。如果其被确定，则这样控制开关7，使得所确定的相（正好是具有最高电压、即最小负载的相）与插座相连接。换言之，充电设备或其他的连接在插座上的设备自动地回连（zurückgreifen）到相线1上，后者在借助测量及控制装置4所进行的最后测量的时刻具有最高的电压。
在电流测量以及电压测量中合适的是，由于交变电压特性为了测量中间值而允许足够的时间间隔。换言之，如果出现了（表面的）环境改变，则测量及控制装置4不应当直接地反应，而是允许经过例如1秒、或者在其他例子中5s、10s或者100ms。
在本发明的（未示出的）其他例子中，为充电设备5提供了通信装置。所述通信装置在目前的例子中构造为公知的“Power Line Communication”接口（=PLC，电力线通信接口）。如果充电设备事实上运行充电过程，则使用该接口以便将信号回馈到电网中或者测量及控制装置4中。该信号由测量及控制装置4来采集和分析。如果测量及控制装置4从充电设备5获得相应构造的信号，则结果不再进行相线1的切换。
这可以例如一直起作用，直到充电设备5发送相应的再次允许切换的信号。合适地，测量及控制装置4设置了其他的可能性，以便进行再次切换。例如，在例如1分钟或者特别地10s时间间隔之后在没有插座电流的情况下，测量及控制装置4可以假设能够再次进行切换。为此，该第二个例子中的测量及控制装置4同样地具有电流传感器8。

Claims (6)

1.一种开关装置，其具有
-用于与供电网三相连接的部件，
-用于与导线（2，3，9）连接以便单相传输电压的部件，
-用于确定所述供电网的三相（1）中至少一个的相位电压的部件，
-开关部件（7），用于将所述导线（2，3，9）与三相（1）之一进行连接以便单相传输电压。
2.按照权利要求1所述的开关装置，其具有用于测量在用于单相传输电压的导线（2，3，9）中的电流的部件（8）。
3.按照权利要求2所述的开关装置，其中，用于测量电流的部件（8）被构造成电流传感器（8）。
4.按照上述权利要求中任一项所述的开关装置，其被这样构造，使得借助用于确定三相（1）中至少一个的相位电压的部件来确定具有最高相位电压的相（1），并且借助所述开关部件（7）将所确定的相（1）与用于单相传输电压的导线（2，3，9）连接。
5.按照上述权利要求中任一项所述的开关装置，其具有通信装置，用于与在所述导线（2，3，9）上为了单相传输电压而连接的设备（5）进行通信，其中，该通信装置被构造为，使得所述开关装置（7）响应所述设备（5）的信号而不进行切换。
6.一种耗电器（5），其具有
-用于与供电网进行单相连接的部件，
-通信装置，其用于与按照上述权利要求中任一项所述的开关装置进行通信，其中，所述通信装置被构造为，使得向所述开关装置发送信号，所述信号阻止或者允许在所述供电网的不同的相（1）之间的切换。
CN2011800232770A 2010-05-14 2011-05-09 开关装置 Pending CN102893479A (zh)

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DE102010020609.1 2010-05-14
DE201010020609 DE102010020609A1 (de) 2010-05-14 2010-05-14 Schalteinrichtung
PCT/EP2011/057405 WO2011141416A2 (de) 2010-05-14 2011-05-09 Schalteinrichtung

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DE (1) DE102010020609A1 (zh)
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CN105375644A (zh) * 2014-08-14 2016-03-02 Lg电子株式会社 能量存储设备和包括该能量存储设备的能量存储***

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DE102012208297A1 (de) * 2012-05-16 2013-11-21 Trilux Gmbh & Co. Kg Stromversorgungsanordnung mit Phasenwahl für eine Leuchte
EP2672603A1 (en) * 2012-06-06 2013-12-11 ABB Technology AG A device for connecting a single-phase device into a multiphase electric network
DE102012221473A1 (de) * 2012-11-23 2014-05-28 Thomas Bichler Verfahren zum Laden einer Fahrbatterie
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JP2013530667A (ja) 2013-07-25
DE102010020609A1 (de) 2011-11-17

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