CN102823525A - Ecological healthy culture method of Palaemon carinicauda - Google Patents
Ecological healthy culture method of Palaemon carinicauda Download PDFInfo
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- CN102823525A CN102823525A CN2012102979807A CN201210297980A CN102823525A CN 102823525 A CN102823525 A CN 102823525A CN 2012102979807 A CN2012102979807 A CN 2012102979807A CN 201210297980 A CN201210297980 A CN 201210297980A CN 102823525 A CN102823525 A CN 102823525A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological healthy culture method of Palaemon carinicauda. The ecological healthy culture method of Palaemon carinicauda includes firstly, selecting a pond; secondly, pretreating the pond; thirdly, feeding water; fourthly, medially inspecting and putting in parent shrimps; fifthly, controlling water quality; sixthly, performing polyculture of fishes; seventhly, putting in feed; and eighthly, performing culture management. The ecological healthy culture method of Palaemon carinicauda is simple in process and low cost. Water pollution caused by excess feed residue or excrement in the culture process of Palaemon carinicauda is reduced. Medicine residue in aquatics and waters due to massively using fishery medicines to prevent and control fish diseases is reduced. The ecological healthy culture method of Palaemon carinicauda is widely applicable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the shrimp culture field, particularly a kind of dusky white prawn environmental health cultural method.
Background technology
Dusky white prawn (Palaemon (Exopalamon) carincauda Holthuis), Crustachia, Decapoda, swimming suborder, true shrimp family, Palaemonidae, Palaemon.Coastal area of china all produces it, and is more with the Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea output especially.Dusky white prawn is the wide temperature dispersed species of the wide salt of offshore, generally lives in the shallow sea of offshore, and salinity is no more than in 29 ‰ the marine site or offshore river mouth and half degree of saltiness waters, also can live in the fresh water through domestication.Dusky white prawn is strong to the adaptability of environment, and water temperature all can become work in 2～35 ℃ of scopes, in winter during low temperature, the habit of the hibernation of getting into the cave is arranged.
Dusky white prawn is the significant by-products in shrimp culture pond and the marine fish culture pond, and output is considerable.Except that supplying to eat raw, also can the good dried shrimp of drying one-tenth quality, ovum can drying one-tenth shrimp-roe.
Directly throw something and feed in the current dusky white prawn breeding process wheat and iced trash fish or use the manufactured feed of high protein content can cause the pollution that nitrogen in the environment and phosphorus are discharged are very big to the pollution of water body environment.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of dusky white prawn environmental health cultural method, and this method technology is simple, and cost is low, has reduced in the dusky white prawn breeding process the pollution of water body environment, has a good application prospect.
A kind of dusky white prawn environmental health cultural method of the present invention comprises:
(1) pond is selected: bottom material of pond for breeding is an argillo arenaceous, and the pond area is 5 ~ 20 mu, and culvert system is established in the pond, and oxygen increasing equipment is installed at the bottom of the pond;
(2) water is discharged to the height of 5-10cm, uses the quicklime full pool spilling head, sterilization is removed the evil;
(3) the laggard seawater of sterilization filters earlier before the water inlet to depth of water 80-90cm; Use seawater photosynthetic bacteria (every mu of 1kg, commercially available) and carry out the water quality maintenance, and use biological organic fertilizer and carry out initial stage rich water;
(4) dusky white prawn parent shrimp is caught in selection vigor sea good, that body weight 3.5g/ tail is above, and the applied molecular biology method is carried out the detection of white spot syndrome virus, selects the negative close shrimp of testing result in the pond, to throw in, and throwing in density is 1.5-2.0kg/ mu; Breeding of the close shrimp of attention observation and oppossum shrimp, young shrimp growing state;
(5) in earlier stage (culture early stage for beginning to throw seedling breed beginning 30 days) and added water 2 ~ 3% in per 3 days, the middle and later periods (beginning to throw the time of seedling breed after 30 days) was changed water 1 time in per 10 ~ 20 days, and a day quantity of exchanged water is 10 ~ 20%; The parent shrimp is thrown in the per 10 days microecological water quality improving agents (commercially available) of splashing in back, and concentration is 3 ~ 4ml/ cube of water body, and water quality maintains the standard;
(6) after close shrimp is thrown in the 40th ~ 50 day is that the Cynoglossus semilaevis of 30 ~ 40cm is raised together with in the pond according to the quantity input body length of 3 ~ 5 tail/mus;
(7) close shrimp is thrown in back every day 5～8 o'clock and 16～19 o'clock feeds of throwing something and feeding along the pool side phytal zone, and feeding volume is the 3-5% of shrimp body weight;
(8) shelling of routine observation dusky white prawn and growing state are made regular check on pond and breeding facility, regularly detect water quality index.
The silt of the bottom material of pond for breeding in the said step (1) is than being 4:6.A certain amount of shale substrate can guarantee that the bottom is fit to the growth of purification of water quality bacterium, keeps the purification of water quality ability in pond self.
Oxygen increasing equipment in the said step (1) is a micropore bottom oxygen increasing equipment.Micropore bottom oxygenation can make oxygen discharge with less bubble from water-bed portion, and more oxygen is dissolved in the water body, improves the dusky white prawn survival environment.Micropore bottom oxygen increasing equipment can directly buying obtains from market.
The addition of the quicklime in the said step (2) is a 100-200kg/ mu.
Advancing seawater salinity in the said step (3) is 15 ~ 30.
Filtration in the said step (3) adopts 60 mesh filter screens to filter.
The standard of the water quality in the said step (5) is: water colour is yellow green or yellowish-brown, and transparency 20 ~ 30cm, dissolved oxygen be greater than 5mg/L, pH8.0 ~ 8.8, and ammoniacal nitrogen is less than 1.0mg/L, and nitrous ground state nitrogen and sulphide can not detect.
Feed in the said step (7) is for by weight percentage, and component comprises fish meal 10-12%, fermented bean dregs 12-15%, peanut meal 3-5%; Arginine 0.05-0.3%, glycine 0.05-0.3%, Gluten 1-4%, wheat 5-15%; Strong flour 8-20%, defatted rice bran 0-8%, brewer's yeast 5-10%, shrimp shell meal 3-5%; Clam yeast powder 0.05%, fish oil 1-2%, vegetable oil 1-2%, shelling plain 0.1%; Complex enzyme formulation 0.1-0.5%, compound vitamin 0.2-0.3% is compounded with organic microelement 0.5-1.5%, Choline Chloride 0.2-0.5% and feeding calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0-1%; In addition, said feed ingredient also comprises phytase 500-800U/kg.Be main with fermented bean dregs in the used vegetable protein; Wherein contain a large amount of little peptides; Digestibility significantly improves after can making the albumen entering dusky white prawn digestive system in the feed; The protein that is not digested significantly reduces, and the useless nitrogen and the useless phosphorus that are discharged in the water body also significantly reduce, thereby have reduced the pollution to environment.In addition, the little peptide of high-load can also strengthen the Abwehrkraft des Koepers of dusky white prawn, reduces the generation of disease in the breeding process, reduces and has reduced the medicament residue to aquatic products and water quality environment when the fishing medicine uses.Added the 500-800U/kg phytase in the feed, phytase can improve the availability of the phosphorus in the feed, and the phosphorus in the minimizing dusky white prawn excreta is to the pollution of environment.
The concrete component of said complex enzyme formulation is acid protease (enzyme is lived) 6000～7500u/g; Neutral proteinase (enzyme is lived) 5000～6000u/g; Mannase (enzyme is lived) 2500～3000u/g; Zytase (enzyme is lived) 3500～4500u/g, cellulase (enzyme is lived) 2500～3500u/g.
The concrete component of said compound vitamin is to contain vitamin A 6000000IU, vitamin D in per 1000 gram B B-complexes
32400000IU, vitamin E 75000IU, vitamin K
312000mg, Cobastab
112000mg, Cobastab
220000mg, Cobastab
624000mg, Cobastab
1220mg, nicotinic acid 30000mg, calcium pantothenate 15000mg, folic acid 2200mg, vitamin h 240mg, vitamin C 180000mg and inositol 120000mg.
The said concrete component of organic microelement that is compounded with is that per 1000 grams are compounded with and contain glycin chelated iron 6000mg, glycine manganese 2000mg, cupric glycinate 2500mg, zinc methionine 6000mg, cobalt 300mg, iodine 500mg, selenium 100mg, magnesium 40000mg, potassium 30000mg in the organic microelement.
The purity of said Choline Chloride is 50wt%.
In the said step (4) dusky white prawn parent shrimp is carried out the detection of white spot syndrome virus, select to confirm as negative individuality and throw in as close shrimp.Selected close shrimp is not viruliferous individuality, can guarantee that seed does not have the chance of parent's vertical transmission.White spot syndrome virus detects the standard method that can adopt by the promulgation of International Animal Health tissue.
Photosynthetic bacteria is one type of common bacteria in the water, to improving water quality better action is arranged, and itself divides fresh water type and sea-water type.Dusky white prawn is in seawater breeding, so what adopt in this step is the seawater photosynthetic bacteria.This seawater photosynthetic bacteria can obtain from the market buying.It is that the Cynoglossus semilaevis of 30 ~ 40cm is raised together with in the pond that the present invention throws in body length according to the quantity of 3 ~ 5 tail/mus; Some viral diseases take place easily when dusky white prawn is cultured this period and die from bottom the pond; After normal dusky white prawn predation, can cause the popular on a large scale of disease.In the pond, throwing in body length according to the quantity of 3 ~ 5 tail/mus is the Cynoglossus semilaevis of 30 ~ 40cm, can let Cynoglossus semilaevis eat up dead shrimp body in the bottom, pond, reduces or avoids because of extremely shrimp is popular by the prawn disease that food causes.
Beneficial effect
Technology of the present invention is simple; Cost is low; Reduced in the dusky white prawn breeding process because of residual bait or excreta too much to the pollution of water body environment, reduced because of prevention and control fish disease and used the medicament residue phenomenon that in aquatic products and water quality environment, produces behind the fishing medicine in a large number, have a good application prospect.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further set forth the present invention.Should be understood that these embodiment only to be used to the present invention is described and be not used in the restriction scope of the present invention.Should be understood that in addition those skilled in the art can do various changes or modification to the present invention after the content of having read the present invention's instruction, these equivalent form of values fall within the application's appended claims institute restricted portion equally.
Embodiment 1
1. the pond is selected.Bottom material of pond for breeding is an argillo arenaceous, and silt is than being 4:6, and the pond area is 20 mu, and culvert system (inlet strainer, draining purse seine) is established in the pond, and micropore bottom oxygen increasing equipment is installed in the pond;
2. pond preliminary treatment.Water is discharged to the 10cm height, and with quicklime 150kg/ mu full pool spilling head, sterilization is removed the evil;
3. water inlet.Advance seawater salinity be 15, water inlet is with the filtration of 60 mesh filter screens, the depth of water is 80cm.Use seawater photosynthetic bacteria (every mu of 1kg) and carry out the water quality maintenance, and use biological organic fertilizer and carry out initial stage rich water;
4. close shrimp quarantine and input.Dusky white prawn parent shrimp is caught in the sea that the selection vigor is good, body weight 3.5g/ tail is above, and the applied molecular biology method is carried out the detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), selects the negative close shrimp of testing result in the pond, to throw in, and throwing in density is 1.5kg/ mu;
5. regulating and controlling water quality.Per 3 days of early stage added water 2%, and per 10 days of middle and later periods was changed water 1 time, and a day quantity of exchanged water is 10%.Look weather condition and suitably open aerator.The parent shrimp is thrown in the per 10 days microecological water quality improving agents of splashing in back, and concentration is 3ml/ cube of water body; Keep water colour to be yellow green or yellowish-brown, transparency 20～30cm, dissolved oxygen be greater than 5mg/L, pH8.0～8.8, and ammoniacal nitrogen is less than 1.0mg/L, and nitrous ground state nitrogen and sulphide can not detect;
6. fish are raised together with.After dusky white prawn parent shrimp is thrown in the 40th day thrown in body according to the quantity of 3 tail/mus and grown for the Cynoglossus semilaevis of 30cm and in the pond, raise together with.
7. feedstuff feeding.Select the high dusky white prawn manufactured feed of little peptide content, every day 5～8 o'clock and directly throwing something and feeding along the pool side phytal zone in 16～19 o'clock, feeding volume is 3% of a shrimp body weight.
8. aquaculture management.Respectively patrol the pool once in the morning, noon and afternoon every day, notes observing body surface, activity and the situation of ingesting of dusky white prawn, and inspection pond and breeding facility in time solve the problem that exists.Water quality index such as the water temperature of in good time cell water, pH value, transparency, salinity, ammonia nitrogen, nitrous ground state, sulphide.The shelling of routine observation dusky white prawn and growing state, and carry out current entry.
Embodiment 2
1. the pond is selected.Bottom material of pond for breeding is an argillo arenaceous, and silt is than being 4:6, and the pond area is 5 mu, and culvert system (inlet strainer, draining purse seine) is established in the pond, and micropore bottom oxygen increasing equipment is installed in the pond;
2. pond preliminary treatment.Water is discharged to the 5cm height, and with quicklime 100kg/ mu full pool spilling head, sterilization is removed the evil;
3. water inlet.Advance seawater salinity be 30, water inlet is with the filtration of 60 mesh filter screens, the depth of water is 90cm.Use seawater photosynthetic bacteria (every mu of 1kg) and carry out the water quality maintenance, and use biological organic fertilizer and carry out initial stage rich water;
4. close shrimp quarantine and input.Dusky white prawn parent shrimp is caught in the sea that the selection vigor is good, body weight 3.5g/ tail is above, and the applied molecular biology method is carried out the detection of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), selects the negative close shrimp of testing result in the pond, to throw in, and throwing in density is 2kg/ mu;
5. regulating and controlling water quality.Per 3 days of early stage added water 3%, and per 20 days of middle and later periods was changed water 1 time, and a day quantity of exchanged water is 20%.Look weather condition and suitably open aerator.The parent shrimp is thrown in the per 10 days microecological water quality improving agents of splashing in back, and concentration is 3ml/ cube of water body; Keep water colour to be yellow green or yellowish-brown, transparency 20～30cm, dissolved oxygen be greater than 5mg/L, pH8.0～8.8, and ammoniacal nitrogen is less than 1.0mg/L, and nitrous ground state nitrogen and sulphide can not detect;
6. fish are raised together with.After dusky white prawn parent shrimp is thrown in the 50th day thrown in body according to the quantity of 5 tail/mus and grown for the Cynoglossus semilaevis of 40cm and in the pond, raise together with.
7. feedstuff feeding.Select the high dusky white prawn manufactured feed of little peptide content, every day 5～8 o'clock and directly throwing something and feeding along the pool side phytal zone in 16～19 o'clock, feeding volume is 5% of a shrimp body weight.
8. aquaculture management.Respectively patrol the pool once in the morning, noon and afternoon every day, notes observing body surface, activity and the situation of ingesting of dusky white prawn, and inspection pond and breeding facility in time solve the problem that exists.Water quality index such as the water temperature of in good time cell water, pH value, transparency, salinity, ammonia nitrogen, nitrous ground state, sulphide.The shelling of routine observation dusky white prawn and growing state, and carry out current entry.
Claims (8)
1. dusky white prawn environmental health cultural method comprises:
(1) bottom material of pond for breeding is an argillo arenaceous, and the pond area is 5 ~ 20 mu, and culvert system is established in the pond, and oxygen increasing equipment is installed at the bottom of the pond;
(2) water is discharged to the height of 5-10cm, uses the quicklime full pool spilling head, sterilization is removed the evil;
(3) the laggard seawater of sterilization filters earlier before the water inlet to depth of water 80-90cm; Use seawater photosynthetic bacteria 1kg for every mu and carry out the water quality maintenance, and use biological organic fertilizer and carry out initial stage rich water;
(4) dusky white prawn parent shrimp is caught in selection vigor sea good, that body weight 3.5g/ tail is above, and the applied molecular biology method is carried out the detection of white spot syndrome virus, selects the negative close shrimp of testing result in the pond, to throw in, and throwing in density is 1.5-2.0kg/ mu;
(5) added water 2 ~ 3% per 3 days of early stage, per 10 ~ 20 days of middle and later periods was changed water 1 time, and a day quantity of exchanged water is 10 ~ 20%; The parent shrimp is thrown in the per 10 days microecological water quality improving agents of splashing in back, and concentration is 3 ~ 4ml/ cube of water body, and water quality maintains the standard;
(6) after close shrimp is thrown in the 40th ~ 50 day is that the Cynoglossus semilaevis of 30 ~ 40cm is raised together with in the pond according to the quantity input body length of 3 ~ 5 tail/mus;
(7) close shrimp is thrown in back every day 5～8 o'clock and 16～19 o'clock feeds of throwing something and feeding along the pool side phytal zone, and feeding volume is the 3-5% of shrimp body weight;
(8) shelling of routine observation dusky white prawn and growing state are made regular check on pond and breeding facility, regularly detect water quality index.
2. a kind of dusky white prawn environmental health cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the silt of the bottom material of pond for breeding in the said step (1) is than being 4:6.
3. a kind of dusky white prawn environmental health cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the oxygen increasing equipment in the said step (1) is a micropore bottom oxygen increasing equipment.
4. a kind of dusky white prawn environmental health cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the addition of the quicklime in the said step (2) is a 100-200kg/ mu.
5. a kind of dusky white prawn environmental health cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: advancing seawater salinity in the said step (3) is 15 ~ 30.
6. a kind of dusky white prawn environmental health cultural method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the filtration in the said step (3) adopts 60 mesh filter screens to filter.
7. a kind of dusky white prawn environmental health cultural method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the standard of the water quality in the said step (5) is: water colour is yellow green or yellowish-brown; Transparency 20 ~ 30cm, dissolved oxygen be greater than 5mg/L, pH8.0 ~ 8.8; Ammoniacal nitrogen is less than 1.0mg/L, and nitrous ground state nitrogen and sulphide can not detect.
8. a kind of dusky white prawn environmental health cultural method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the feed in the said step (7) is for by weight percentage, and component comprises fish meal 10-12%, fermented bean dregs 12-15%, peanut meal 3-5%; Arginine 0.05-0.3%, glycine 0.05-0.3%, Gluten 1-4%, wheat 5-15%; Strong flour 8-20%, defatted rice bran 0-8%, brewer's yeast 5-10%, shrimp shell meal 3-5%; Clam yeast powder 0.05%, fish oil 1-2%, vegetable oil 1-2%, shelling plain 0.1%; Complex enzyme formulation 0.1-0.5%, compound vitamin 0.2-0.3% is compounded with organic microelement 0.5-1.5%, Choline Chloride 0.2-0.5% and feeding calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0-1%; In addition, said feed ingredient also comprises phytase 500-800U/kg.
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| CN103719639A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-04-16 | 青岛根源生物技术集团有限公司 | Compound enzyme feed additive capable of improving growth rate and non-specific immunity of prawns and application thereof |
| CN104585100A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-05-06 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | High-yield culturing method for white shrimps |
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| CN103493763A (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2014-01-08 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | Carp and chub cultivation method |
| CN103493763B (en) * | 2013-09-18 | 2016-04-27 | 苏州市阳澄湖现代农业产业园特种水产养殖有限公司 | The cultural method of carp and silver carp |
| CN103719639A (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2014-04-16 | 青岛根源生物技术集团有限公司 | Compound enzyme feed additive capable of improving growth rate and non-specific immunity of prawns and application thereof |
| CN103719639B (en) * | 2014-01-24 | 2015-04-15 | 青岛根源生物技术集团有限公司 | Compound enzyme feed additive capable of improving growth rate and non-specific immunity of prawns and application thereof |
| CN104585100A (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2015-05-06 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑成水产生态养殖专业合作社 | High-yield culturing method for white shrimps |
| CN104982359A (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2015-10-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Soil pond ecological raising and culturing method of palaemon carinicauda |
| CN105613371A (en) * | 2015-12-24 | 2016-06-01 | 苏州市阳澄湖三家村蟹业有限公司 | High-yield breeding method of white shrimps |
| CN105918168A (en) * | 2016-04-26 | 2016-09-07 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Exopalaemon carinicauda saline-alkaline water artificial culturing method |
| CN106069936A (en) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-09 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | The cultural method of Taihu Lake white shrimp |
| CN106172098A (en) * | 2016-07-07 | 2016-12-07 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇东枪塘水产养殖专业合作社 | The high-yield cultivation method of white shrimp |
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